DS18S20

High Precision
®
1-Wire Digital Thermometer
www.dalsemi.com
FEATURES PIN ASSIGNMENT
• Unique 1-wire interface requires only one
port pin for communication DALLAS NC 1 8 NC
• Each device has a unique 64-bit serial code DS1820

DS1820
NC 2 7 NC
stored in an on-board ROM 1 2 3
• Multi-drop capability simplifies distributed VDD 3 6 NC
temperature sensing applications
DQ 4 5 GND
• Requires no external components
• Can be powered from data line. Power supply 8-pin 150-mil SOIC
range is 3.0V to 5.5V (DS18S20Z)
• Measures temperatures from –55°C to
+125°C (–67°F to +257°F)
• ±0.5°C accuracy from –10°C to +85°C
• GND
DQ
9-bit thermometer resolution

VDD
• Converts temperature in 750 ms (max.)
• User-definable nonvolatile alarm settings
• Alarm search command identifies and 1 2 3
addresses devices whose temperature is
outside of programmed limits (temperature (BOTTOM VIEW)
alarm condition)
TO-92
• Applications include thermostatic controls,
(DS18S20)
industrial systems, consumer products,
thermometers, or any thermally sensitive
system PIN DESCRIPTION
GND - Ground
DQ - Data In/Out
VDD - Power Supply Voltage
NC - No Connect

DESCRIPTION
The DS18S20 Digital Thermometer provides 9–bit centigrade temperature measurements and has an
alarm function with nonvolatile user-programmable upper and lower trigger points. The DS18S20
communicates over a 1-wire bus that by definition requires only one data line (and ground) for
communication with a central microprocessor. It has an operating temperature range of –55°C to +125°C
and is accurate to ±0.5°C over the range of –10°C to +85°C. In addition, the DS18S20 can derive power
directly from the data line (“parasite power”), eliminating the need for an external power supply.

Each DS18S20 has a unique 64-bit serial code, which allows multiple DS18S20s to function on the same
1–wire bus; thus, it is simple to use one microprocessor to control many DS18S20s distributed over a
large area. Applications that can benefit from this feature include HVAC environmental controls,
temperature monitoring systems inside buildings, equipment or machinery, and process monitoring and
control systems.

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 DS18S20

DETAILED PIN DESCRIPTIONS Table 1

8-PIN SOIC* TO-92 SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
5 1 GND Ground.
4 2 DQ Data Input/Output pin. Open-drain 1-wire interface pin. Also
provides power to the device when used in parasite power mode
(see “Parasite Power” section.)
3 3 VDD Optional VDD pin. VDD must be grounded for operation in
parasite power mode.
*All pins not specified in this table are “No Connect” pins.

OVERVIEW
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the DS18S20, and pin descriptions are given in Table 1. The 64-bit
ROM stores the device’s unique serial code. The scratchpad memory contains the 2-byte temperature
register that stores the digital output from the temperature sensor. In addition, the scratchpad provides
access to the 1-byte upper and lower alarm trigger registers (TH and TL). The TH and TL registers are
nonvolatile (EEPROM), so they will retain data when the device is powered down.
The DS18S20 uses Dallas’ exclusive 1-wire bus protocol that implements bus communication using one
control signal. The control line requires a weak pullup resistor since all devices are linked to the bus via a
3-state or open-drain port (the DQ pin in the case of the DS18S20). In this bus system, the
microprocessor (the master device) identifies and addresses devices on the bus using each device’s unique
64-bit code. Because each device has a unique code, the number of devices that can be addressed on one
bus is virtually unlimited. The 1-wire bus protocol, including detailed explanations of the commands and
“time slots,” is covered in the 1-WIRE BUS SYSTEM section of this datasheet.
Another feature of the DS18S20 is the ability to operate without an external power supply. Power is
instead supplied through the 1-wire pullup resistor via the DQ pin when the bus is high. The high bus
signal also charges an internal capacitor (CPP), which then supplies power to the device when the bus is
low. This method of deriving power from the 1-wire bus is referred to as “parasite power.” As an
alternative, the DS18S20 may also be powered by an external supply on VDD.

DS18S20 BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 1

VPU

PARASITE POWER
4.7K
CIRCUIT MEMORY CONTROL
LOGIC
DS18S20
DQ
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
INTERNAL VDD 64-BIT ROM
AND
GND 1-wire PORT ALARM HIGH TRIGGER (TH)
CPP SCRATCHPAD
REGISTER (EEPROM)

ALARM LOW TRIGGER (TL)

REGISTER (EEPROM)
POWER
VDD SUPPLY
SENSE
8-BIT CRC GENERATOR

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 DS18S20

OPERATION – MEASURING TEMPERATURE

The core functionality of the DS18S20 is its direct-to-digital temperature sensor. The temperature sensor
output has 9-bit resolution, which corresponds to 0.5°C steps. The DS18S20 powers-up in a low-power
idle state; to initiate a temperature measurement and A-to-D conversion, the master must issue a Convert
T [44h] command. Following the conversion, the resulting thermal data is stored in the 2-byte
temperature register in the scratchpad memory and the DS18S20 returns to its idle state. If the DS18S20
is powered by an external supply, the master can issue “read time slots” (see the 1-WIRE BUS SYSTEM
section) after the Convert T command and the DS18S20 will respond by transmitting 0 while the
temperature conversion is in progress and 1 when the conversion is done. If the DS18S20 is powered
with parasite power, this notification technique cannot be used since the bus must be pulled high by a
strong pullup during the entire temperature conversion. The bus requirements for parasite power are
explained in detail in the POWERING THE DS18S20 section of this datasheet.
The DS18S20 output data is calibrated in degrees centigrade; for Fahrenheit applications, a lookup table
or conversion routine must be used. The temperature data is stored as a 16-bit sign-extended two’s
complement number in the temperature register (see Figure 2). The sign bits (S) indicate if the
temperature is positive or negative: for positive numbers S = 0 and for negative numbers S = 1. Table 2
gives examples of digital output data and the corresponding temperature reading.
Resolutions greater than 9 bits can be calculated using the data from the temperature, COUNT REMAIN
and COUNT PER °C registers in the scratchpad. Note that the COUNT PER °C register is hard-wired to
16 (10h). After reading the scratchpad, the TEMP_READ value is obtained by truncating the 0.5°C bit
(bit 0) from the temperature data (see Figure 2). The extended resolution temperature can then be
calculated using the following equation:

COUNT _ PER _ C − COUNT _ REMAIN

TEMPERATURE = TEMP _ READ − 0.25 +
COUNT _ PER _ C
Additional information about high-resolution temperature calculations can be found in Application Note
105: “High Resolution Temperature Measurement with Dallas Direct-to-Digital Temperature Sensors”.

TEMPERATURE REGISTER FORMAT Figure 2

bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LS Byte 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2-1
bit 15 bit 14 bit 13 bit 12 bit 11 bit 10 bit 9 bit 8
MS Byte S S S S S S S S

TEMPERATURE/DATA RELATIONSHIP Table 2

TEMPERATURE DIGITAL OUTPUT DIGITAL OUTPUT
(Binary) (Hex)
+85.0°C* 0000 0000 1010 1010 00AAh
+25.0°C 0000 0000 0011 0010 0032h
+0.5°C 0000 0000 0000 0001 0001h
0°C 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000h
-0.5°C 1111 1111 1111 1111 FFFFh
-25.0°C 1111 1111 1100 1110 FFCEh
-55.0°C 1111 1111 1001 0010 FF92h
*The power-on reset value of the temperature register is +85°C

3 of 21
 DS18S20

OPERATION – ALARM SIGNALING

After the DS18S20 performs a temperature conversion, the temperature value is compared to the user-
defined two’s complement alarm trigger values stored in the 1-byte TH and TL registers (see Figure 3).
The sign bit (S) indicates if the value is positive or negative: for positive numbers S = 0 and for negative
numbers S = 1. The TH and TL registers are nonvolatile (EEPROM) so they will retain data when the
device is powered down. TH and TL can be accessed through bytes 2 and 3 of the scratchpad as explained
in the MEMORY section of this datasheet.

TH AND TL REGISTER FORMAT Figure 3

bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
6 5 5 5 2 1
S 2 2 2 2 2 2 20

Only bits 8 through 1 of the temperature register are used in the TH and TL comparison since TH and TL
are 8-bit registers. If the result of a temperature measurement is higher than TH or lower than TL, an
alarm condition exists and an alarm flag is set inside the DS18S20. This flag is updated after every
temperature measurement; therefore, if the alarm condition goes away, the flag will be turned off after the
next temperature conversion.
The master device can check the alarm flag status of all DS18S20s on the bus by issuing an Alarm Search
[ECh] command. Any DS18S20s with a set alarm flag will respond to the command, so the master can
determine exactly which DS18S20s have experienced an alarm condition. If an alarm condition exists
and the TH or TL settings have changed, another temperature conversion should be done to validate the
alarm condition.

POWERING THE DS18S20

The DS18S20 can be powered by an external supply on the VDD pin, or it can operate in “parasite power”
mode, which allows the DS18S20 to function without a local external supply. Parasite power is very
useful for applications that require remote temperature sensing or that are very space constrained. Figure
1 shows the DS18S20’s parasite-power control circuitry, which “steals” power from the 1-wire bus via
the DQ pin when the bus is high. The stolen charge powers the DS18S20 while the bus is high, and some
of the charge is stored on the parasite power capacitor (CPP) to provide power when the bus is low.
When the DS18S20 is used in parasite power mode, the VDD pin must be connected to ground.
In parasite power mode, the 1-wire bus and CPP can provide sufficient current to the DS18S20 for most
operations as long as the specified timing and voltage requirements are met (refer to the DC
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS and the AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS sections of this
data sheet). However, when the DS18S20 is performing temperature conversions or copying data from
the scratchpad memory to EEPROM, the operating current can be as high as 1.5 mA. This current can
cause an unacceptable voltage drop across the weak 1-wire pullup resistor and is more current than can be
supplied by CPP. To assure that the DS18S20 has sufficient supply current, it is necessary to provide a
strong pullup on the 1-wire bus whenever temperature conversions are taking place or data is being
copied from the scratchpad to EEPROM. This can be accomplished by using a MOSFET to pull the bus
directly to the rail as shown in Figure 4. The 1-wire bus must be switched to the strong pullup within 10
µs (max) after a Convert T [44h] or Copy Scratchpad [48h] command is issued, and the bus must be held
high by the pullup for the duration of the conversion (tconv) or data transfer (twr = 10 ms). No other
activity can take place on the 1-wire bus while the pullup is enabled.
The DS18S20 can also be powered by the conventional method of connecting an external power supply to
the VDD pin, as shown in Figure 5. The advantage of this method is that the MOSFET pullup is not
required, and the 1–wire bus is free to carry other traffic during the temperature conversion time.
4 of 21
 DS18S20

The use of parasite power is not recommended for temperatures above 100°C since the DS18S20 may not
be able to sustain communications due to the higher leakage currents that can exist at these temperatures.
For applications in which such temperatures are likely, it is strongly recommended that the DS18S20 be
powered by an external power supply.
In some situations the bus master may not know whether the DS18S20s on the bus are parasite powered
or powered by external supplies. The master needs this information to determine if the strong bus pullup
should be used during temperature conversions. To get this information, the master can issue a Skip
ROM [CCh] command followed by a Read Power Supply [B4h] command followed by a “read time
slot”. During the read time slot, parasite powered DS18S20s will pull the bus low, and externally
powered DS18S20s will let the bus remain high. If the bus is pulled low, the master knows that it must
supply the strong pullup on the 1-wire bus during temperature conversions.

SUPPLYING THE PARASITE-POWERED DS18S20 DURING TEMPERATURE

CONVERSIONS Figure 4
VPU

DS18S20
GND DQ VDD
VPU
Micro-
processor 4.7K
To Other
1-Wire Bus
1-Wire Devices

POWERING THE DS18S20 WITH AN EXTERNAL SUPPLY Figure 5

DS18S20 VDD (External Supply)

VPU
Micro- GND DQ VDD
processor
4.7K
To Other
1-Wire Bus
1-Wire Devices

64-BIT LASERED ROM CODE

Each DS18S20 contains a unique 64–bit code (see Figure 6) stored in ROM. The least significant 8 bits
of the ROM code contain the DS18S20’s 1–wire family code: 10h. The next 48 bits contain a unique
serial number. The most significant 8 bits contain a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) byte that is
calculated from the first 56 bits of the ROM code. A detailed explanation of the CRC bits is provided in
the CRC GENERATION section. The 64–bit ROM code and associated ROM function control logic
allow the DS18S20 to operate as a 1–wire device using the protocol detailed in the 1-WIRE BUS
SYSTEM section of this datasheet.

64-BIT LASERED ROM CODE Figure 6

8-BIT CRC 48-BIT SERIAL NUMBER 8-BIT FAMILY CODE (10h)
MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB

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 DS18S20

MEMORY
The DS18S20’s memory is organized as shown in Figure 7. The memory consists of an SRAM
scratchpad with nonvolatile EEPROM storage for the high and low alarm trigger registers (TH and TL).
Note that if the DS18S20 alarm function is not used, the TH and TL registers can serve as general-purpose
memory. All memory commands are described in detail in the DS18S20 FUNCTION COMMANDS
section.
Byte 0 and byte 1 of the scratchpad contain the LSB and the MSB of the temperature register,
respectively. These bytes are read-only. Bytes 2 and 3 provide access to TH and TL registers. Bytes 4
and 5 are reserved for internal use by the device and cannot be overwritten; these bytes will return all 1s
when read. Bytes 6 and 7 contain the COUNT REMAIN and COUNT PER ºC registers, which can be
used to calculate extended resolution results as explained in the OPERATION – MEASURING
TEMPERATURE section.
Byte 8 of the scratchpad is read-only and contains the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code for bytes 0
through 7 of the scratchpad. The DS18S20 generates this CRC using the method described in the CRC
GENERATION section.
Data is written to bytes 2 and 3 of the scratchpad using the Write Scratchpad [4Eh] command; the data
must be transmitted to the DS18S20 starting with the least significant bit of byte 2. To verify data
integrity, the scratchpad can be read (using the Read Scratchpad [BEh] command) after the data is
written. When reading the scratchpad, data is transferred over the 1-wire bus starting with the least
significant bit of byte 0. To transfer the TH and TL data from the scratchpad to EEPROM, the master
must issue the Copy Scratchpad [48h] command.
Data in the EEPROM registers is retained when the device is powered down; at power-up the EEPROM
data is reloaded into the corresponding scratchpad locations. Data can also be reloaded from EEPROM
2
to the scratchpad at any time using the Recall E [B8h] command. The master can issue “read time slots”
(see the 1-WIRE BUS SYSTEM section) following the Recall E2 command and the DS18S20 will
indicate the status of the recall by transmitting 0 while the recall is in progress and 1 when the recall is
done.

DS18S20 MEMORY MAP cáÖìêÉ=T

SCRATCHPAD (Power-up State)

byte 0 Temperature LSB (AAh)
(85°C)
byte 1 Temperature MSB (00h) EEPROM
byte 2 TH Register or User Byte 1* TH Register or User Byte 1
byte 3 TL Register or User Byte 2* TL Register or User Byte 2
byte 4 Reserved (FFh)
byte 5 Reserved (FFh)
byte 6 COUNT REMAIN (0Ch)
byte 7 COUNT PER °C (10h)
byte 8 CRC*
*Power-up state depends on value(s) stored
in EEPROM

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 DS18S20

CRC GENERATION
CRC bytes are provided as part of the DS18S20’s 64-bit ROM code and in the 9th byte of the scratchpad
memory. The ROM code CRC is calculated from the first 56 bits of the ROM code and is contained in
the most significant byte of the ROM. The scratchpad CRC is calculated from the data stored in the
scratchpad, and therefore it changes when the data in the scratchpad changes. The CRCs provide the bus
master with a method of data validation when data is read from the DS18S20. To verify that data has
been read correctly, the bus master must re-calculate the CRC from the received data and then compare
this value to either the ROM code CRC (for ROM reads) or to the scratchpad CRC (for scratchpad reads).
If the calculated CRC matches the read CRC, the data has been received error free. The comparison of
CRC values and the decision to continue with an operation are determined entirely by the bus master.
There is no circuitry inside the DS18S20 that prevents a command sequence from proceeding if the
DS18S20 CRC (ROM or scratchpad) does not match the value generated by the bus master.

The equivalent polynomial function of the CRC (ROM or scratchpad) is:

CRC = X8 + X5 + X4 + 1

The bus master can re-calculate the CRC and compare it to the CRC values from the DS18S20 using the
polynomial generator shown in Figure 8. This circuit consists of a shift register and XOR gates, and the
shift register bits are initialized to 0. Starting with the least significant bit of the ROM code or the least
significant bit of byte 0 in the scratchpad, one bit at a time should shifted into the shift register. After
shifting in the 56th bit from the ROM or the most significant bit of byte 7 from the scratchpad, the
polynomial generator will contain the re-calculated CRC. Next, the 8-bit ROM code or scratchpad CRC
from the DS18S20 must be shifted into the circuit. At this point, if the re-calculated CRC was correct, the
shift register will contain all 0s. Additional information about the Dallas 1-wire cyclic redundancy check
is available in Application Note 27 entitled “Understanding and Using Cyclic Redundancy Checks with
Dallas Semiconductor Touch Memory Products.”

CRC GENERATOR Figure 8 INPUT

XOR XOR XOR

(MSB) (LSB)

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 DS18S20

1-WIRE BUS SYSTEM

The 1-wire bus system uses a single bus master to control one or more slave devices. The DS18S20 is
always a slave. When there is only one slave on the bus, the system is referred to as a “single-drop”
system; the system is “multi-drop” if there are multiple slaves on the bus.
All data and commands are transmitted least significant bit first over the 1-wire bus.
The following discussion of the 1-wire bus system is broken down into three topics: hardware
configuration, transaction sequence, and 1-wire signaling (signal types and timing).

HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
The 1-wire bus has by definition only a single data line. Each device (master or slave) interfaces to the
data line via an open drain or 3–state port. This allows each device to “release” the data line when the
device is not transmitting data so the bus is available for use by another device. The 1-wire port of the
DS18S20 (the DQ pin) is open drain with an internal circuit equivalent to that shown in Figure 9.
The 1-wire bus requires an external pullup resistor of approximately 5 kΩ; thus, the idle state for the 1-
wire bus is high. If for any reason a transaction needs to be suspended, the bus MUST be left in the idle
state if the transaction is to resume. Infinite recovery time can occur between bits so long as the 1-wire
bus is in the inactive (high) state during the recovery period. If the bus is held low for more than 480 µs,
all components on the bus will be reset.

HARDWARE CONFIGURATION Figure=V=

VPU
DS18S20 1-WIRE PORT
4.7K DQ
Pin
1-wire Bus RX
RX

5 µA
Typ. TX

TX 100 Ω
MOSFET
RX = RECEIVE
TX = TRANSMIT

TRANSACTION SEQUENCE
The transaction sequence for accessing the DS18S20 is as follows:
Step 1. Initialization
Step 2. ROM Command (followed by any required data exchange)
Step 3. DS18S20 Function Command (followed by any required data exchange)
It is very important to follow this sequence every time the DS18S20 is accessed, as the DS18S20 will not
respond if any steps in the sequence are missing or out of order. Exceptions to this rule are the Search
ROM [F0h] and Alarm Search [ECh] commands. After issuing either of these ROM commands, the
master must return to Step 1 in the sequence.

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 DS18S20

INITIALIZATION
All transactions on the 1-wire bus begin with an initialization sequence. The initialization sequence
consists of a reset pulse transmitted by the bus master followed by presence pulse(s) transmitted by the
slave(s). The presence pulse lets the bus master know that slave devices (such as the DS18S20) are on
the bus and are ready to operate. Timing for the reset and presence pulses is detailed in the
1-WIRE SIGNALING section.

ROM COMMANDS
After the bus master has detected a presence pulse, it can issue a ROM command. These commands
operate on the unique 64–bit ROM codes of each slave device and allow the master to single out a
specific device if many are present on the 1-wire bus. These commands also allow the master to
determine how many and what types of devices are present on the bus or if any device has experienced an
alarm condition. There are five ROM commands, and each command is 8 bits long. The master device
must issue an appropriate ROM command before issuing a DS18S20 function command. A flowchart for
operation of the ROM commands is shown in Figure 14.
SEARCH ROM [F0h]
When a system is initially powered up, the master must identify the ROM codes of all slave devices on
the bus, which allows the master to determine the number of slaves and their device types. The master
learns the ROM codes through a process of elimination that requires the master to perform a Search ROM
cycle (i.e., Search ROM command followed by data exchange) as many times as necessary to identify all
of the slave devices. If there is only one slave on the bus, the simpler Read ROM command (see below)
can be used in place of the Search ROM process. For a detailed explanation of the Search ROM
procedure, refer to the iButton Book of Standards at www.ibutton.com/ibuttons/standard.pdf. After every
Search ROM cycle, the bus master must return to Step 1 (Initialization) in the transaction sequence.
READ ROM [33h]
This command can only be used when there is one slave on the bus. It allows the bus master to read the
slave’s 64-bit ROM code without using the Search ROM procedure. If this command is used when there
is more than one slave present on the bus, a data collision will occur when all the slaves attempt to
respond at the same time.
MATCH ROM [55h]
The match ROM command followed by a 64–bit ROM code sequence allows the bus master to address a
specific slave device on a multi-drop or single-drop bus. Only the slave that exactly matches the 64–bit
ROM code sequence will respond to the function command issued by the master; all other slaves on the
bus will wait for a reset pulse.
SKIP ROM [CCh]
The master can use this command to address all devices on the bus simultaneously without sending out
any ROM code information. For example, the master can make all DS18S20s on the bus perform
simultaneous temperature conversions by issuing a Skip ROM command followed by a Convert T [44h]
command. Note, however, that the Skip ROM command can only be followed by the Read Scratchpad
[BEh] command when there is one slave on the bus. This sequence saves time by allowing the master to
read from the device without sending its 64–bit ROM code. This sequence will cause a data collision on
the bus if there is more than one slave since multiple devices will attempt to transmit data simultaneously.
ALARM SEARCH [ECh]
The operation of this command is identical to the operation of the Search ROM command except that
only slaves with a set alarm flag will respond. This command allows the master device to determine if
any DS18S20s experienced an alarm condition during the most recent temperature conversion. After
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 DS18S20

every Alarm Search cycle (i.e., Alarm Search command followed by data exchange), the bus master must
return to Step 1 (Initialization) in the transaction sequence. Refer to the OPERATION – ALARM
SIGNALING section for an explanation of alarm flag operation.

DS18S20 FUNCTION COMMANDS

After the bus master has used a ROM command to address the DS18S20 with which it wishes to
communicate, the master can issue one of the DS18S20 function commands. These commands allow the
master to write to and read from the DS18S20’s scratchpad memory, initiate temperature conversions and
determine the power supply mode. The DS18S20 function commands, which are described below, are
summarized in Table 4 and illustrated by the flowchart in Figure 15.
CONVERT T [44h]
This command initiates a single temperature conversion. Following the conversion, the resulting thermal
data is stored in the 2-byte temperature register in the scratchpad memory and the DS18S20 returns to its
low-power idle state. If the device is being used in parasite power mode, within 10 µs (max) after this
command is issued the master must enable a strong pullup on the 1-wire bus for the duration of the
conversion (tconv) as described in the POWERING THE DS18S20 section. If the DS18S20 is powered
by an external supply, the master can issue read time slots after the Convert T command and the
DS18S20 will respond by transmitting 0 while the temperature conversion is in progress and 1 when the
conversion is done. In parasite power mode this notification technique cannot be used since the bus is
pulled high by the strong pullup during the conversion.
WRITE SCRATCHPAD [4Eh]
This command allows the master to write 2 bytes of data to the DS18S20’s scratchpad. The first byte is
written into the TH register (byte 2 of the scratchpad), and the second byte is written into the TL register
(byte 3 of the scratchpad). Data must be transmitted least significant bit first. Both bytes MUST be
written before the master issues a reset, or the data may be corrupted.
READ SCRATCHPAD [BEh]
This command allows the master to read the contents of the scratchpad. The data transfer starts with the
least significant bit of byte 0 and continues through the scratchpad until the 9th byte (byte 8 – CRC) is
read. The master may issue a reset to terminate reading at any time if only part of the scratchpad data is
needed.
COPY SCRATCHPAD [48h]
This command copies the contents of the scratchpad TH and TL registers (bytes 2 and 3) to EEPROM. If
the device is being used in parasite power mode, within 10 µs (max) after this command is issued the
master must enable a strong pullup on the 1-wire bus for at least 10 ms as described in the POWERING
THE DS18S20 section.
RECALL E2 [B8h]
This command recalls the alarm trigger values (TH and TL) from EEPROM and places the data in bytes 2
and 3, respectively, in the scratchpad memory. The master device can issue read time slots following the
Recall E2 command and the DS18S20 will indicate the status of the recall by transmitting 0 while the
recall is in progress and 1 when the recall is done. The recall operation happens automatically at power-
up, so valid data is available in the scratchpad as soon as power is applied to the device.
READ POWER SUPPLY [B4h]
The master device issues this command followed by a read time slot to determine if any DS18S20s on the
bus are using parasite power. During the read time slot, parasite powered DS18S20s will pull the bus
low, and externally powered DS18S20s will let the bus remain high. Refer to the POWERING THE
DS18S20 section for usage information for this command.
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 DS18S20

DS18S20 FUNCTION COMMAND SET Table 4

1-Wire Bus Activity
Command Description Protocol After Command is Issued Notes
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION COMMANDS
Convert T Initiates temperature 44h DS18S20 transmits conversion 1
conversion. status to master (not applicable
for parasite-powered DS18S20s).
MEMORY COMMANDS
Read Scratchpad Reads the entire scratchpad BEh DS18S20 transmits up to 9 data 2
including the CRC byte. bytes to master.
Write Scratchpad Writes data into scratchpad 4Eh Master transmits 2 data bytes to 3
bytes 2 and 3 (TH and TL). DS18S20.
Copy Scratchpad Copies TH and TL data from 48h None 1
the scratchpad to EEPROM.
2
Recall E Recalls TH and TL data from B8h DS18S20 transmits recall status
EEPROM to the scratchpad. to master.
Read Power Signals DS18S20 power B4h DS18S20 transmits supply status
Supply supply mode to the master. to master.
NOTES:
1. For parasite-powered DS18S20s, the master must enable a strong pullup on the 1-wire bus during
temperature conversions and copies from the scratchpad to EEPROM. No other bus activity may take
place during this time.
2. The master can interrupt the transmission of data at any time by issuing a reset.
3. Both bytes must be written before a reset is issued.

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 DS18S20

1-WIRE SIGNALING
The DS18S20 uses a strict 1-wire communication protocol to insure data integrity. Several signal types
are defined by this protocol: reset pulse, presence pulse, write 0, write 1, read 0, and read 1. All of these
signals, with the exception of the presence pulse, are initiated by the bus master.

INITIALIZATION PROCEDURE: RESET AND PRESENCE PULSES

All communication with the DS18S20 begins with an initialization sequence that consists of a reset pulse
from the master followed by a presence pulse from the DS18S20. This is illustrated in Figure 10. When
the DS18S20 sends the presence pulse in response to the reset, it is indicating to the master that it is on
the bus and ready to operate.
During the initialization sequence the bus master transmits (TX) the reset pulse by pulling the 1-wire bus
low for a minimum of 480 µs. The bus master then releases the bus and goes into receive mode (RX).
When the bus is released, the 5k pullup resistor pulls the 1-wire bus high. When the DS18S20 detects
this rising edge, it waits 15–60 µs and then transmits a presence pulse by pulling the 1-wire bus low for
60–240 µs.

INITIALIZATION TIMING Figure 10

MASTER TX RESET PULSE MASTER RX

480 µs minimum 480 µs minimum
DS18S20 TX
DS18S20 presence pulse
waits 15-60 µs 60-240 µs
VPU

1-WIRE BUS

GND

LINE TYPE LEGEND

Bus master pulling low
DS18S20 pulling low
Resistor pullup

READ/WRITE TIME SLOTS

The bus master writes data to the DS18S20 during write time slots and reads data from the DS18S20
during read time slots. One bit of data is transmitted over the 1-wire bus per time slot.

WRITE TIME SLOTS

There are two types of write time slots: “Write 1” time slots and “Write 0” time slots. The bus master
uses a Write 1 time slot to write a logic 1 to the DS18S20 and a Write 0 time slot to write a logic 0 to the
DS18S20. All write time slots must be a minimum of 60 µs in duration with a minimum of a 1 µs
recovery time between individual write slots. Both types of write time slots are initiated by the master
pulling the 1-wire bus low (see Figure 11).
To generate a Write 1 time slot, after pulling the 1-wire bus low, the bus master must release the 1-wire
bus within 15 µs. When the bus is released, the 5k pullup resistor will pull the bus high. To generate a
Write 0 time slot, after pulling the 1-wire bus low, the bus master must continue to hold the bus low for
the duration of the time slot (at least 60 µs). The DS18S20 samples the 1-wire bus during a window that
lasts from 15 µs to 60 µs after the master initiates the write time slot. If the bus is high during the
sampling window, a 1 is written to the DS18S20. If the line is low, a 0 is written to the DS18S20.
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 DS18S20

READ TIME SLOTS

The DS18S20 can only transmit data to the master when the master issues read time slots. Therefore, the
master must generate read time slots immediately after issuing a Read Scratchpad [BEh] or Read Power
Supply [B4h] command, so that the DS18S20 can provide the requested data. In addition, the master can
generate read time slots after issuing Convert T [44h] or Recall E2 [B8h] commands to find out the status
of the operation as explained in the DS18S20 FUNCTION COMMAND section.
All read time slots must be a minimum of 60 µs in duration with a minimum of a 1 µs recovery time
between slots. A read time slot is initiated by the master device pulling the 1-wire bus low for a
minimum of 1 µs and then releasing the bus (see Figure 11). After the master initiates the read time slot,
the DS18S20 will begin transmitting a 1 or 0 on bus. The DS18S20 transmits a 1 by leaving the bus high
and transmits a 0 by pulling the bus low. When transmitting a 0, the DS18S20 will release the bus by the
end of the time slot, and the bus will be pulled back to its high idle state by the pullup resister. Output
data from the DS18S20 is valid for 15 µs after the falling edge that initiated the read time slot. Therefore,
the master must release the bus and then sample the bus state within 15 µs from the start of the slot.
Figure 12 illustrates that the sum of TINIT, TRC, and TSAMPLE must be less than 15 µs for a read time slot.
Figure 13 shows that system timing margin is maximized by keeping TINIT and TRC as short as possible
and by locating the master sample time during read time slots towards the end of the 15 µs period.

READ/WRITE TIME SLOT TIMING DIAGRAM Figure 11

START START
OF SLOT OF SLOT

MASTER WRITE “0” SLOT MASTER WRITE “1” SLOT

1 µs < TREC < ∞
60 µs < TX “0” < 120
> 1 µs
VPU

1-WIRE BUS

GND
DS18S20 Samples DS18S20 Samples
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

15 µs 15 µs 30 µs 15 µs 15 µs 30 µs

MASTER READ “0” SLOT MASTER READ “1” SLOT

1 µs < TREC < ∞
VPU

1-WIRE BUS

GND
Master samples > 1 µs
Master samples
> 1 µs
15 µs 45 µs 15 µs

LINE TYPE LEGEND

Bus master pulling low DS18S20 pulling low

Resistor pullup

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 DS18S20

DETAILED MASTER READ 1 TIMING Figure 12

VPU

1-WIRE BUS VIH of Master

GND
TINT > 1 µs TRC Master samples

15 µs

RECOMMENDED MASTER READ 1 TIMING Figure 13

VPU
VIH of Master
1-WIRE BUS

GND

TINT = TRC = Master samples

small small
15 µs

LINE TYPE LEGEND

Bus master pulling low
Resistor pullup

14 of 21
 DS18S20

ROM COMMANDS FLOW CHART Figure 14

Initialization MASTER TX
RESET PULSE
Sequence

DS18S20 TX
PRESENCE
PULSE

MASTER TX ROM
COMMAND

33h 55h F0h ECh CCh

N N N N N
READ ROM MATCH ROM SEARCH ROM ALARM SEARCH SKIP ROM
COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND

Y Y Y Y Y

MASTER TX
BIT 0

DS18S20 TX BIT 0 DS18S20 TX BIT 0

DS18S20 TX BIT 0 DS18S20 TX BIT 0

MASTER TX BIT 0 MASTER TX BIT 0
DS18S20 TX
FAMILY CODE
1 BYTE

N N DEVICE(S)
BIT 0 BIT 0 N
MATCH? WITH ALARM
MATCH?
FLAG SET?
DS18S20 TX
SERIAL NUMBER Y Y Y
6 BYTES

DS18S20 TX BIT 1
DS18S20 TX MASTER TX
DS18S20 TX BIT 1
CRC BYTE BIT 1
MASTER TX BIT 1

N N
BIT 1 BIT 1
MATCH? MATCH?

Y
Y

DS18S20 TX BIT 63

MASTER TX DS18S20 TX BIT 63

BIT 63
MASTER TX BIT 63

N N
BIT 63 BIT 63
MATCH? MATCH?

Y Y

MASTER TX
FUNCTION
COMMAND
(FIGURE 15)

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 DS18S20

DS18S20 FUNCTION COMMANDS FLOW CHART Figure 15

44h 48h
MASTER TX CONVERT N COPY N
FUNCTION TEMPERATURE SCRATCHPAD
COMMAND ? ?

Y Y

N PARASITE Y N PARASITE Y
POWER POWER
? ?

DS18S20 BEGINS MASTER ENABLES

CONVERSION MASTER ENABLES STRONG PULL-UP ON DQ
STRONG PULLUP ON DQ

DATA COPIED FROM

DS18S20 CONVERTS SCRATCHPAD TO EEPROM
TEMPERATURE
DEVICE COPY IN N
CONVERTING N PROGRESS
TEMPERATURE ?
? MASTER DISABLES
MASTER DISABLES Y STRONG PULLUP
Y STRONG PULLUP

MASTER MASTER
MASTER MASTER RX “0s” RX “1s”
RX “0s” RX “1s”

B4h BEh 4Eh

N READ N B8h N READ N WRITE
POWER SUPPLY RECALL E2 SCRATCHPAD SCRATCHPAD
? ? ? ?

Y Y Y Y

MASTER TX TH BYTE
MASTER RX DATA BYTE TO SCRATCHPAD
N Y
PARASITE FROM SCRATCHPAD
POWERED MASTER BEGINS DATA
? RECALL FROM E2 PROM

MASTER TX TL BYTE
TO SCRATCHPAD

MASTER MASTER MASTER Y

RX “1s” RX “0s” TX RESET
?
DEVICE
N N
BUSY RECALLING
DATA
?
N
Y HAVE 8 BYTES
BEEN READ
?

MASTER MASTER Y
RX “0s” RX “1s”

MASTER RX SCRATCHPAD
CRC BYTE

RETURN TO INITIALIZATION
SEQUENCE (FIGURE 14) FOR
NEXT TRANSACTION

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 DS18S20

DS18S20 OPERATION EXAMPLE 1

In this example there are multiple DS18S20s on the bus and they are using parasite power. The bus
master initiates a temperature conversion in a specific DS18S20 and then reads its scratchpad and
recalculates the CRC to verify the data.
MASTER MODE DATA (LSB FIRST) COMMENTS
TX Reset Master issues reset pulse.
RX Presence DS18S20s respond with presence pulse.
TX 55h Master issues Match ROM command.
TX 64-bit ROM code Master sends DS18S20 ROM code.
TX 44h Master issues Convert T command.
TX DQ line held high by Master applies strong pullup to DQ for the duration of the
strong pullup conversion (tconv).
TX Reset Master issues reset pulse.
RX Presence DS18S20s respond with presence pulse.
TX 55h Master issues Match ROM command.
TX 64-bit ROM code Master sends DS18S20 ROM code.
TX BEh Master issues Read Scratchpad command.
RX 9 data bytes Master reads entire scratchpad including CRC. The master
then recalculates the CRC of the first eight data bytes from the
scratchpad and compares the calculated CRC with the read
CRC (byte 9). If they match, the master continues; if not, the
read operation is repeated.

DS18S20 OPERATION EXAMPLE 2

In this example there is only one DS18S20 on the bus and it is using parasite power. The master writes to
the TH and TL registers in the DS18S20 scratchpad and then reads the scratchpad and recalculates the
CRC to verify the data. The master then copies the scratchpad contents to EEPROM.
MASTER MODE DATA (LSB FIRST) COMMENTS
TX Reset Master issues reset pulse.
RX Presence DS18S20 responds with presence pulse.
TX CCh Master issues Skip ROM command.
TX 4Eh Master issues Write Scratchpad command.
TX 2 data bytes Master sends two data bytes to scratchpad (TH and TL)
TX Reset Master issues reset pulse.
RX Presence DS18S20 responds with presence pulse.
TX CCh Master issues Skip ROM command.
TX BEh Master issues Read Scratchpad command.
RX 9 data bytes Master reads entire scratchpad including CRC. The master then
recalculates the CRC of the first eight data bytes from the
scratchpad and compares the calculated CRC with the read CRC
(byte 9). If they match, the master continues; if not, the read
operation is repeated.
TX Reset Master issues reset pulse.
RX Presence DS18S20 responds with presence pulse.
TX CCh Master issues Skip ROM command.
TX 48h Master issues Copy Scratchpad command.
TX DQ line held high by Master applies strong pullup to DQ for at least 10 ms while copy
strong pullup operation is in progress.

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 DS18S20

DS18S20 OPERATION EXAMPLE 3

In this example there is only one DS18S20 on the bus and it is using parasite power. The bus master
initiates a temperature conversion then reads the DS18S20 scratchpad and calculates a higher resolution
result using the data from the temperature, COUNT REMAIN and COUNT PER °C registers.
MASTER MODE DATA (LSB FIRST) COMMENTS
TX Reset Master issues reset pulse.
TR Presence DS18S20 responds with presence pulse.
TX CCh Master issues Skip ROM command.
TX 44h Master issues Convert T command.
TX DQ line held high by Master applies strong pullup to DQ for the duration of the
strong pullup conversion (tconv).
TX Reset Master issues reset pulse.
RX Presence DS18S20 responds with presence pulse.
TX CCh Master issues Skip ROM command.
TX BEh Master issues Read Scratchpad command.
RX 9 data bytes Master reads entire scratchpad including CRC. The master
then recalculates the CRC of the first eight data bytes from the
scratchpad and compares the calculated CRC with the read
CRC (byte 9). If they match, the master continues; if not, the
read operation is repeated. The master also calculates the
TEMP_READ value and stores the contents of the COUNT
REMAIN and COUNT PER °C registers.
TX Reset Master issues reset pulse.
RX Presence DS18S20 responds with presence pulse.
- - CPU calculates extended resolution temperature using the
equation in the OPERATION - MEASURING
TEMPERATURE section of this datasheet.

RELATED APPLICATION NOTES

The following Application Notes can be applied to the DS18S20. These notes can be obtained from the
Dallas Semiconductor “Application Note Book,” via the Dallas website at http://www.dalsemi.com/, or
through our faxback service at (214) 450–0441.

Application Note 27: “Understanding and Using Cyclic Redundancy Checks with Dallas Semiconductor
Touch Memory Product”
Application Note 55: “Extending the Contact Range of Touch Memories”
Application Note 74: “Reading and Writing Touch Memories via Serial Interfaces”
Application Note 104: “Minimalist Temperature Control Demo”
Application Note 105: “High Resolution Temperature Measurement with Dallas Direct-to-Digital
Temperature Sensors”
Application Note 106: “Complex MicroLANs”
Application Note 108: “MicroLAN – In the Long Run”

Sample 1-wire subroutines that can be used in conjunction with AN74 can be downloaded from the
Dallas website or anonymous FTP Site.

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 DS18S20

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*

Voltage on any pin relative to ground –0.5V to +6.0V
Operating temperature –55°C to +125°C
Storage temperature –55°C to +125°C
Soldering temperature See J-STD-020A Specification

*These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions
above those indicated in the operation sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability.

DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (-55°C to +125°C; VDD=3.0V to 5.5V)

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES
Supply Voltage VDD Local Power +3.0 +5.5 V 1
Pullup Supply VPU Parasite Power +3.0 +5.5 V 1,2
Voltage Local Power +3.0 VDD
Thermometer Error tERR -10°C to ±0.5 °C 3
+85°C
-55°C to ±2
+125°C
Input Logic Low VIL -0.3 +0.8 V 1,4,5
Input Logic High VIH Local Power +2.2 The lower of V 1, 6
5.5
Parasite Power +3.0 or
VDD + 0.3
Sink Current IL VI/O=0.4V 4.0 mA 1
Standby Current IDDS 750 1000 nA 7,8
Active Current IDD VDD=5V 1 1.5 mA 9
DQ Input Current IDQ 5 µA 10
Drift ±0.2 °C 11
NOTES:
1. All voltages are referenced to ground.
2. The Pullup Supply Voltage specification assumes that the pullup device is ideal, and therefore the
high level of the pullup is equal to VPU. In order to meet the VIH spec of the DS18S20, the actual
supply rail for the strong pullup transistor must include margin for the voltage drop across the
transistor when it is turned on; thus: VPU_ACTUAL = VPU_IDEAL + VTRANSISTOR.
3. See typical performance curve in Figure 16
4. Logic low voltages are specified at a sink current of 4 mA.
5. To guarantee a presence pulse under low voltage parasite power conditions, VILMAX may have to be
reduced to as low as 0.5V.
6. Logic high voltages are specified at a source current of 1 mA.
7. Standby current specified up to 70°C. Standby current typically is 3 µA at 125°C.
8. To minimize IDDS, DQ should be within the following ranges: GND ≤ DQ ≤ GND + 0.3V or VDD –
0.3V ≤ DQ ≤ VDD.
9. Active current refers to supply current during active temperature conversions or EEPROM writes.
10. DQ line is high (“hi-Z” state).
11. Drift data is based on a 1000 hour stress test at 125°C with VDD = 5.5V.

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 DS18S20

AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: NV MEMORY

(-55°C to +100°C; VDD=3.0V to 5.5V)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS
NV Write Cycle Time twr 2 10 ms
EEPROM Writes NEEWR -55°C to +55°C 50k writes
EEPROM Data Retention tEEDR -55°C to +55°C 10 years

AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (-55°C to +125°C; VDD=3.0V to 5.5V)

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES
Temperature Conversion tCONV 750 ms 1
Time
Time to Strong Pullup On tSPON Start Convert T 10 µs
Command Issued
Time Slot tSLOT 60 120 µs 1
Recovery Time tREC 1 µs 1
Write 0 Low Time rLOW0 60 120 µs 1
Write 1 Low Time tLOW1 1 15 µs 1
Read Data Valid tRDV 15 µs 1
Reset Time High tRSTH 480 µs 1
Reset Time Low tRSTL 480 µs 1,2
Presence Detect High tPDHIGH 15 60 µs 1
Presence Detect Low tPDLOW 60 240 µs 1
Capacitance CIN/OUT 25 pF
NOTES:
1. Refer to timing diagrams in Figure 17.
2. Under parasite power, if tRSTL > 960 µs, a power on reset may occur.

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVE Figure 16

20 of 21
 DS18S20

TIMING DIAGRAMS Figure 17

21 of 21