Design Guidelines For Various Terminals

Design Guidelines for various Terminals:
BUS TERMINALS 
 Bus circulation in relation to ingress/egress points not the

passengers boarding line.  
 Passengers concourse must be large enough to accommodate
seasonal peaks  - Quarters for driver and conductors.  
 Bus service areas for repair/check-up with for mechanics and other
staff.  - Dispatchers booth. 
 Ancillaries     
Design Guidelines for Pedestrian Walkways and Facilities:
 Pedestrian walkways should have a minimum of 1.0 meter to 1.5

meters clearance and this can be done by removing obstacles or by
widening the path, to provide a clear passageway for wheelchair users.
 Pedestrian crossings should include
a) Removing the slight drop (25 millimeters) from the footpath to the
road and providing tactile to indicate the edge of the road for the
visually impaired;
b) Thickening road crossing lines to guide the visually impaired to walk
within the designated crossing;
c) Installing vibrating push button (with audio alert) at traffic signal
posts to help the visually impaired; and
d) Providing at-grade i.e., road-level crossings where traffic conditions
permit.  
 Traffic signs should be made out of higher reflectivity materials to
improve visibility.
 Provide facilities that would enhance comfort, convenience, and
attractiveness of pedestrian environment such as benches, streetlights,
public toilets, and trees.  
 Enforce standards pertaining to disability infrastructure like effective
sidewalk width that must accommodate the width of a standard
wheelchair (i.e., 0.815m minimum passage width). Dropped curbs at
intersections and crossings must be provided to ensure smooth and
seamless path for the physically challenged. Sidewalks should be
1.525m width to accommodate two wheelchairs passing opposite each
other as well as allow 180-degree turn.  
 Sidewalks must be cleared from permanent obstructions (e.g. posts,
abutting structures, shanties, etc.) and temporary obstructions (e.g.,
vendors, stalls, parked vehicles, etc.) such that the effective width
available for walking is at least 1.0m. For areas with heavy pedestrian
volume, sidewalks must be wider to ensure desirable levels of service.
Specific Design Characteristics of Terminals:
Planning from scratch or redesigning a terminal focus on effective and

functional use of available space and on maintenance of the level of service
for which is designed (Rivasplata, 2001). For this reason the following
elements should be defined:
 Number of modes and type of vehicles that will be served

 Time period through which the terminal is expected to be operational
maintaining the desirable level of
 Service without the need for extensions or reconstructions
 The expected level of activity in terms of number of passengers served,
frequencies and passenger waiting times
 The variations in demand for transport (seasonal, monthly and daily)
Another factor that is important to be taken into consideration in the

operation of a terminal is the connectivity of the various modes serving it
during the same part of the day. The level of connectivity is expressed as the
number of terminal’s passengers who actually use multiple transportation
modes in order to complete their trips. However it should be mentioned here
that a specific terminal is mostly served by only one mode whiles the rest
transport means provide their service outside the terminal (Goldberg, 2011).
Concerning the securing of connectivity among the various public transport
modes the following criteria should be fulfilled (Goldberg, 2011):
 All modes involved, serve the same terminal building, or

 Serve facilities that are within the same block, or
 Serve facilities in an adjacent block, but within a distance where the
traveler does not have to cross a
 Major thoroughfare at an unprotected intersection, or cross some
physical barrier, or
 Are located in buildings that are more than one block apart but are
connected by either an enclosed structure or a conveyance operated
by either the facility or one of the carriers involved for the sole purpose
of facilitating a connection between modes in the two buildings.
Planning of Terminal Facilities:

An integral factor improving a transport system’s success is the quality
of convenient transfers and the movement of passengers within terminal
spaces. Interchange facilities are typically located at critical junctions of the
route network where several types of services or modes intersect. Planning
and designing terminals must consider two perspectives: the operator’s and
the users. A high level of service entails a safe and permeable environment
outside the terminal and convenient movement within.
There are five considerations when designing a good terminal, (see

Table 11): terminal capacity, passenger level of service, accessibility,
commuter safety, and passenger amenities. This translates into an
environment that facilitates quick, comfortable, and safe movement of people
within and around terminals.
Table 11
In addition to these considerations, it is important to integrate terminal

facilities into the physical surroundings. This adds convenience to the user
experience by providing access to peripheral uses such as retail or
educational activities. This can also make the transit facility a focal point and
enhance the commercial value of the property, in turn benefitting the agency.
Planning of Multimodal Transportation Terminals:
Multi-modal planning refers to planning that considers various modes

(walking, cycling, automobile, public transit, etc.) and connections among
modes. There are several specific types of transport planning which reflect
various scales and objectives:
 Traffic impact studies evaluate traffic impacts and mitigation

strategies for a particular development or project.
 Local transport planning develops municipal and neighborhood
transport plans.
 Regional transportation planning develops plans for a
metropolitan region.
 State, provincial and national transportation planning develops
plans for a large jurisdiction, to be implemented by a
transportation agency.
 Strategic transportation plans develop long-range plans,
typically 20-40 years into the future.
 Transportation improvement plans (TIPs) or action plans identify
specific projects and programs to be implemented within a few
years.
 Corridor transportation plans identify projects and programs to
be implemented on a specific corridor, such as along a particular
highway, bridge or route.
 Mode- or area-specific transport plans identify ways to improve
a particular mode (walking, cycling, public transit, etc.) or area (a
campus, downtown, industrial park, etc.).
References:
http://wricitieshub.org/online-publications/33-planning-terminal-facilities

Design Guidelines For Various Terminals

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Design Guidelines for various Terminals:

 Bus circulation in relation to ingress/egress points not the

Design Guidelines for Pedestrian Walkways and Facilities:

 Pedestrian walkways should have a minimum of 1.0 meter to 1.5

Specific Design Characteristics of Terminals:

Planning from scratch or redesigning a terminal focus on effective and

 Number of modes and type of vehicles that will be served

Another factor that is important to be taken into consideration in the

 All modes involved, serve the same terminal building, or

Planning of Terminal Facilities:

There are five considerations when designing a good terminal, (see

In addition to these considerations, it is important to integrate terminal

Planning of Multimodal Transportation Terminals:

Multi-modal planning refers to planning that considers various modes

 Traffic impact studies evaluate traffic impacts and mitigation

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