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    Barium Meal & Enema

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    marvin kyereh
    1. A barium meal and enema are radiographic procedures used to examine the gastrointestinal tract. Barium sulfate is ingested or introduced into the GI tract where it coats the mucosa and shows up clearly on x-rays. 2. For a barium meal, patients fast beforehand and drink barium sulfate while x-rays are taken of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. For a barium enema, barium sulfate is introduced into the large intestine via the rectum to visualize the colon on x-rays. 3. The procedures aim to detect abnormalities in the GI tract and require patients to remain still during imaging. Afterward, patients are monitored and given lax

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    Barium Meal & Enema

    Uploaded by

    marvin kyereh
    303 views3 pages
    1. A barium meal and enema are radiographic procedures used to examine the gastrointestinal tract. Barium sulfate is ingested or introduced into the GI tract where it coats the mucosa and shows up clearly on x-rays. 2. For a barium meal, patients fast beforehand and drink barium sulfate while x-rays are taken of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. For a barium enema, barium sulfate is introduced into the large intestine via the rectum to visualize the colon on x-rays. 3. The procedures aim to detect abnormalities in the GI tract and require patients to remain still during imaging. Afterward, patients are monitored and given lax

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    1. A barium meal and enema are radiographic procedures used to examine the gastrointestinal tract. Barium sulfate is ingested or introduced into the GI tract where it coats the mucosa and shows up clearly on x-rays. 2. For a barium meal, patients fast beforehand and drink barium sulfate while x-rays are taken of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. For a barium enema, barium sulfate is introduced into the large intestine via the rectum to visualize the colon on x-rays. 3. The procedures aim to detect abnormalities in the GI tract and require patients to remain still during imaging. Afterward, patients are monitored and given lax

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    303 views3 pages

    Barium Meal & Enema

    Uploaded by

    marvin kyereh
    1. A barium meal and enema are radiographic procedures used to examine the gastrointestinal tract. Barium sulfate is ingested or introduced into the GI tract where it coats the mucosa and shows up clearly on x-rays. 2. For a barium meal, patients fast beforehand and drink barium sulfate while x-rays are taken of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. For a barium enema, barium sulfate is introduced into the large intestine via the rectum to visualize the colon on x-rays. 3. The procedures aim to detect abnormalities in the GI tract and require patients to remain still during imaging. Afterward, patients are monitored and given lax

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    of 3

    Name: tutu amankona Collins index no: ber/09/010/091

    Class: d14 date: 01/08/12

    Preparation of a patient for barium meal and enema

    Barium, according to baillieries nurses dictionary means a soft silvery element. Barium
    sulphate is a heavy mineral salt that that is comparatively impermeable to x-ray and can therefore
    be used as a contrast medium in taking clear radiograph when it is taking as meal.

    Barium meal is about radiography method of the x-ray of the upper gut with both positive and
    negative radio contrast.

    A barium meal is also known as upper gastrointestinal series, is a procedure in radiographs of


    the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum is taken after barium sulphate is ingested into the GIT.

    Indications for the procedure

    the stools, unexplained vomiting and pain in the abdominal region as well as unexplained weight
    loss.

    Nursing care before barium meal

     Explain procedure to the patient and the need for his/her co-operation.
     Medicine containing bismuth should be omitted for about 3 days.
     A mild laxatives or evacuant enema can be given 24hours before the x-ray to free the
    bowels.
     A low residue diet can be given 24hours before the x-ray is taken.
     Patient’s jewelleries or artefact made of metal should be removed because they may show
    in x-ray films.
     Accompany patient to the x-ray department.
    Nursing care after the procedure
     Encourage patient to take plenty fluids unless contraindicated to help bring out the barium
    sulphate.
     Give laxatives or evacuant enema to help bring out the bowel content.
     Serve bed pan or ask patient to go and free the bowels.
     Observe the stool for its whitish colour.
     Record and report any findings discovered.

    Procedure for barium meal

    NB: This procedure is done by the radiographer in the x-ray department.

     Explain procedure to the patient and the need for his/her co-operation.
     Instruct patient to lie on his/her left side as he drinks the barium sulphate.
     Patient should lie on several positions (supine and left side raised and tilted) to induce
    reflux of the barium sulphate.
     X-ray of the upper GIT is then taken.
    Complications of barium meal
    1. Aspiration of barium mixture.
    2. Barium impactation can cause bowel obstruction.
    3. Barium induced appendicitis.
    4. Perforations in the upper GIT.

    Barium enema

    Enema is the introduction of solution into the rectum and large intestines for the purpose of
    cleansing, giving medication or for investigation purposes.

    Enema is grouped into 3 namely:

    1. Cleansing/evacuant enema; they are given to clear the rectum or move faeces by the use of
    Naso4, Maso4, plain water, normal saline etc.
    2. Carminate enema; they are given preliminary to expel flatus.
    3. Retention enema; they are given to introduce drugs for absorption or radio-opaque
    substances for x-ray.
    NB: Barium enema is a type of retention enema with the use of barium sulphate prior to x-
    ray.

    Barium enema, also called lower gastrointestinal series is a medical procedure used
    to examine and diagnose problems with the lower GIT (colon/large intestines). X-ray
    pictures are taken after barium sulphate is introduced into the large intestines
    through the anus. It serves as a contrast medium to visualize clearly x-ray images of
    the large intestines to detect any abnormalities.

    Indications for barium enema


    Barium enema is useful in the diagnosis of structural abnormalities in the large
    intestines or lower gut such as colitis, tumours, volvulus (twisted loops of the bowels),
    colorectal cancer etc.
    Preparation before the procedure
     Explain procedure to patient and the need for his/her co-operation.
     Laxatives or evacuant enema may be given the night before the x-ray to free the
    bowels.
     Discourage patient from taking food or fluids the night before the x-ray.
     Patient’s jewelleries and artefacts made of metal should be removed because they
    might appear in the x-ray films.
     Accompany patient to the x-ray department.

    Nursing care after procedure


     Encourage patient to hold bowel content as long as he/she can whiles you receive
    him warmly from the x-ray unit.(patients may use the washroom at the x-ray unit if
    unable to hold bowels).
     Serve bed pan or ask patient to free his bowels.
     Laxatives or evacuant enema can be given to help empty the bowels.
     Encourage patient to take more fluids.
     Observe the stool for its whitish colour.
     Encourage patient to rest in bed because the procedure is fatiguing.
     Report and record any findings discovered.
    Procedure for barium enema
    NB: -The procedure is done by the radiographer/radiologist.
    -Materials & equipments such as enema syringe, lubricants, disposable gloves
    etc. used in retention enema are needed in barium enema procedure.
     Ex plain procedure to patient and seek for his/her consent.
     Instruct patient to lie on the x-ray table in a left sim/lateral position.
     The nozzle of the enema syringe containing the barium sulphate is lubricated and
    inserted into the rectum in the direction of the umbilical cord.
     Squeeze enema syringe gently to expel content into the colon.
     Patient changes several positions for the reflux of the barium sulphate.
     X-ray of the lower GIT is then taken.
    Complications of barium enema
    1. Pain at the rectal region.
    2. Haemorrhage.
    3. Constipation.
    4. Perforation of the colon.
    5. Prolapse of the rectal tissue.
    References
     Suzanne C., smeltzer, Brenda G., Bare, Junice I. H., Kerry H., Cheever
    (2008).Brunner and suddath’s Textboob of tedical-Surgical
    Nursing,11th edition, USA, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, a Wolter
    Kluwer, page 950
     Gastro intestinal series, retrieved from en. Wikipedia.com, 01
    September 2012, 5:00pm

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