1. Which pair of elements reacts most readily?

A. Li + Br2

B. Li + Cl2

C. K + Br2

D. K + Cl2
(1)

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2. Explain the following statements.

(a) The first ionization energy of sodium is

(i) less than that of magnesium.

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(ii) greater than that of potassium.

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(b) The electronegativity of chlorine is higher than that of sulfur.

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(Total 5 marks)

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3. The following table shows values that appear in the Data Booklet.

Table 1 Covalent (atomic) radii / 10–12 m

N 0 F
70 66 58
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
186 160 143 117 110 104 99
Table 2 Ionic radii/10–12 m
N3– O2– F–
171 146 133
Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Si4+ P3– S2– Cl–
98 65 45 42 212 190 181

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Explain why

(i) the magnesium ion is much smaller than the magnesium atom.

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(ii) there is a large increase in ionic radius from silicon to phosphorus.

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(iii) the ionic radius of Na+ is less than that of F–.

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(Total 6 marks)

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4. Which of the following properties of the halogens increase from F to I?

I. Atomic radius

II. Melting point

III. Electronegativity

A. I only

B. I and II only

C. I and III only

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D. I, II and III
(1)

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5. Which pair would react together most vigorously?

A. Li and Cl2 ctiv

B. Li and Br2

C. K and Cl2

D. K and Br2
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(1)

6. Describe the acid-base character of the oxides of the period 3 elements Na to Ar. For sodium
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oxide and sulfur trioxide, write balanced equations to illustrate their acid-base character.

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(Total 4 marks)

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7. Table 6 of the Data Booklet lists melting points of the elements. Explain the trend in the
melting points of the alkali metals, halogens and period 3 elements.

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8. (i) Explain how the first ionization energy of K compares with that of Na and Ar.

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(ii) Explain the difference between the first ionization energies of Na and Mg.

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(iii) Suggest why much more energy is needed to remove an electron from Na+ than from
Mg+.
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(Total 8 marks)
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9. Which properties of period 3 elements increase from sodium to argon?

I. Nuclear charge

II. Atomic radius

III. Electronegativity

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

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D. I, II and III
(1)

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10. Outline the reasoning for the following in terms of electronic configuration:

(i) The first ionization energy of Al is lower than that of Mg.

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 (ii) V3+(aq) is coloured and can behave as a reducing agent, whereas Zn2+(aq) is not coloured
and does not behave as a reducing agent.

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(Total 8 marks)

11. For which element are the group number and the period number the same?
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A. Li

B. Be
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C. B

D. Mg
(1)
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12. Which of the physical properties below decrease with increasing atomic number for both the
alkali metals and the halogens?

I. Atomic radius

II. Ionization energy

III. Melting point

A. I only

B. II only

C. III only

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D. I and III only
(1)

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13. Which of the reactions below occur as written?

I. Br2 + 2I– ! 2Br– + I2

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II. Br2 + 2Cl– ! 2Br– + Cl2

A. I only
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B. II only

C. Both I and II

D. Neither I nor II
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(1)
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14. Rubidium is an element in the same group of the periodic table as lithium and sodium.
It is likely to be a metal which has a

A. high melting point and reacts slowly with water.

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B. high melting point and reacts vigorously with water.

C. low melting point and reacts vigorously with water.

D. low melting point and reacts slowly with water.

(1)

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15. When the following species are arranged in order of increasing radius, what is the correct order?

A. Cl–, Ar, K+

B. K+, Ar , Cl–

C. Cl–, K+, Ar

D. Ar, Cl–, K+
(1)

16. Nitrogen is found in period 2 and group 5 of the periodic table.

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(i) Distinguish between the terms period and group.

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(ii) State the electron arrangement of nitrogen and explain why it is found in period 2 and
group 5 of the periodic table.

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(Total 4 marks)
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17. Table 8 of the Data Booklet gives the atomic and ionic radii of elements. State and explain the
difference between

(i) the atomic radius of nitrogen and oxygen.

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 (ii) the atomic radius of nitrogen and phosphorus.

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(iii) the atomic and ionic radius of nitrogen.

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18. What increases in equal steps of one from left to right in the periodic table for the elements
lithium to neon?

A. the number of occupied electron energy levels

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B. the number of neutrons in the most common isotope

C. the number of electrons in the atom

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D. the atomic mass

(1)
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19. Which property decreases down group 7 in the periodic table?

A. atomic radius
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B. electronegativity

C. ionic radius

D. melting point
(1)

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20. State and explain the trends in the atomic radius and the ionization energy

(i) for the alkali metals Li to Cs.

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(ii) for the period 3 elements Na to Cl.

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(Total 8 marks)
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21. (i) Describe three similarities and one difference in the reactions of lithium and potassium
with water.
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 (ii) Give an equation for one of these reactions. Suggest a pH value for the resulting solution,
and give a reason for your answer.

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(Total 7 marks)

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22. (a) Classify each of the following oxides as acidic, basic or amphoteric.

(i) aluminium oxide

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(ii) sodium oxide

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(iii) sulfur dioxide

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(b) Write an equation for each reaction between water and

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(i) sodium oxide

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(ii) sulfur dioxide.

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(Total 5 marks)

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23. Which two elements react most vigorously with each other?

A. chlorine and lithium

B. chlorine and potassium

C. iodine and lithium

D. iodine and potassium

(1)

24. For the elements of period 3 (Na to Ar), state and explain

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(i) the general trend in ionization energy

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(2)

(ii) any exceptions to the general trend.

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(Total 6 marks)
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25. Explain the following features of the melting points of the period 3 elements. Refer to bonding
and structure, and use information from Table 6 in the Data Booklet.

(i) The difference between the values for sodium and magnesium

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(3)

(ii) The high value for silicon

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(iii) The difference between the values for chlorine and argon

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(Total 7 marks)
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