M.A.

IN HISTORY
COURSE OUTLINE

2018-2019

DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA
1, REFORMATORY STREET
ALIPORE CAMPUS
CALCUTTA ± 700027

OR INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

1
 CORE COURSES

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I. Political narratives and processes: Transition from early historical to early medieval and
the nature of early medieval period; Emergence of regional political entities and powers in early
medieval India: Some select case studies in the Gangetic and peninsular India.
II. Political Theory, nature and elements of Kingship and apparatus of State an overview:
Changes sought to be explained in terms of feudal polity, examination of the µparcellization of
sovereignty¶, emergence and consolidation of the µsamanta¶ system, perception of the
segmentary state in south India; Kings and Counselors ± Rise of Paramount overlordship, the
palace and its personnel; Palace routine; the culture of the court, the exchange of honours and
courtesies; processes of legitimation; Provincial and Local administration with particular
reference to self governing local bodies; taxation; Warfare and weaponry: Conquest and Society
± Recruitment - µMilitary Labour Market¶; µMilitary Revolution ± War-horse and elephant; Arms
and Armour; Military architecture ± Forts and sieges; Military Technology; µMilitary fiscalism¶?
III: Changing perceptions of Crime and Punishment: A Broad Overview based on smritis,
dharmasastras and political treatise.
IV. Agriculture: Land Tenure and Property ± Social distribution of Landed Property in early
Medieval India; Land and labour± landlords, tenant farmer, landless laborers, servile labour;
Practice of issuing landgrants to individuals and institutions, its impact and the related perception
of feudal economy; Changes and proliferation of agrarian technology, irrigation and consequent
impact on the agrarian settlements.
V. Trade and industries: Inland and Oceanic trade; a broad overview through time and space
± different types of merchants and market centres (including ports) in the early medieval times;
some case studies/ a comparative study between the Gangetic plains and the peninsular India.
VI. Urban processes: Different types of towns ± ancient administrative centres, pilgrimage
centres, local market towns, medieval fortified towns, medieval seaports, military cantonments;
their salient features and the processes of urban development in early medieval India; Caste and
Class: Society based on hierarchy of endogamous, birth ascribed groups characterized by one
distinctive occupation ± varna/jati, absorption of µtribal groups¶ and indigenous groups in the jati
structure, proliferation of jatis, antyaja and untouchability; Marriage Family and kinship-
Different forms of marriage, regional specificities - comparison between north Indian and south
(cross cousin) marriage and inheritance.
VII. The Religious sphere: Sacred and Profane ± Religion, Supernatural and Magic ±
Emergence of bhakti cults, Vaishnavism, Saivism Sakta and Tantric, Buddhism and Jainism;
Emergence of a Synthesis? Daily rites and rituals: Popularity of Puranic religion, pilgrimage
vratas; Death and after life.

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VIII. Art and Humanities: Language and Literature: an overview of the literary creations in
Sanskrit and Tamil/any representative south Indian languages; emergence of regional
language/literature; Architecture ± distinctive features of north Indian and south Indian styles of
architecture. Painting ± Indian traditions.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

™ Abraham, Meera. 1988. Two Medieval Guilds of South India. New Delhi: Manohar.
™ Banerjea, J.N. [1956] 1975. The Development of Hindu Iconography. 2nd rev. edn. New
Delhi. Munshiram Manoharlal.
™ «««««««««« Pauranic and Tantric Religion: Early Phase. Calcutta.
University of Calcutta.
™ Bhattacharyya, N.N. 1974. History of the Shakta Religion. New Delhi. Munshiram
Manoharlal.
™ Bhattacharyya, N.N. [1982] 1999. History of the Tantric Religion: An Historical,
Ritualistic and Philosophical Study. New Delhi: Manohar.
™ Chakrabarti, Kunal. 2001. Religious Process: The Puranas and the Making of a Regional
Tradition. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
™ Chatterjee, Asim Kumar. 2000. A Comprehensive History of Jainism.Vol I : From the
earliest Beginnings to AD 1000. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
™ Champakalakshmi, R.. 1996. Trade, Ideology and Urbanization: South India30 BC to AD
1300. Delhi. Oxford University Press.
™ Chattopadhyay. B.D. [1994] 1997. The Making of early Medieval India. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press.
™ Dehejia, Vidya. 1988. Slaves of the Lord: The Path of the Tamil Saints. New Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal.
™ Deyell, John S. 1990. Living without Silver: The Monetary History of the early Medieval
North India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
™ Eschmann, Ancharlot, Hermann Kulke and Gaya Charan Tripathi (eds.). 1978. The Cult
of Jagannath and the Regional Tradition of Orissa. New Delhi: Manohar.
™ Hardy, Adam. 1995. Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation: The
Karnata Dravida Tradition 7th to 13th Centuries. New Delhi: Indira Gandhi Centre for
Arts. Abhinav Publication.
™ Heitzman, James. 1997. Gifts of Power. Lordship in an early Indian State. Delhi: Oxford
University Press.
™ Jain, V.K. 1990. Trade and Traders in Western India. New Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal.
™ Karashima, Noboru. 1984. South India History and Society: Studies from Inscriptions AD
850-1800. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

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™ Kulke, Hermann. [1993] 2001. Kings and Cults: State formation and Legitimation in
South and South east Asia. New Delhi: Manohar.
™ Kulke, Hermann (ed). 1997. The State in India 1000-1200. Oxford in India Readings:
Themes in Indian History. New delhi: Oxford University Press.
™ Lahiri, Nayanjot. 1991. Pre-Ahom Assam: Studies in the Inscriptions of Assam between
the Fifth and Thirteenth Century AD, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
™ Liu, Xinru. 1996. Silk and Religion: An Exploration of Material Life and the Thought of
the People, AD 600-1200. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
™ Mathur, Ashutosh Dayal. 2007. Medieval Hindu Law: HistoricalHistorical Evolution and
Enlightened Rebellion. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
™ Meister, Michael W. (ed.) and M.A. Dhaky (co-ordinator). 1983. Encyclopaedia of
Indian Temple Architecture: South India. Lower Dravida Desa 200 B.C. ± A.D. 1324.
New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies and Philadelphia. University of
Pennsylvania Press.
™ Meister, Michael W. , M.A. Dhaky and Krishna Deva (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Indian
Temple Architecture, North India: Foundations of North Indian Style c. 250 B.C. ± AD
1100. Vol 2, Part I. New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies: Oxford University
Press.
™ Mukhia, Harbans (ed.) 1999. The Feudalism Debate. New Delhi: Manohar.
™ Nandi, R.N. 2000. State Formation, Agrarian Growth and Social Change in Feudal
South India c. AD 600-1200. New Delhi: Manohar.
™ Ramanujan,A.K. 1973. Speaking of Siva. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
™ Ramaswamy, Vijaya. 1985. Textiles and Weavers in Medieval South India. Delhi: Oxford
University Press.
™ Ramaswamy, Vijaya. 1997. Walking Naked: Women, Society, Spirituality in South India.
Shimla:Indian Institute of Advanced Studies.
™ Shahu, Bhairavi Prasad (ed.). 1997. Land System and Rural Society in Early India.
Readings in Early Indian History B.D. Chattopadhyay (Gen Ed.) New Delhi: Manohar.
™ Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta [1955] 1975. A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to
the Fall of Vijayanagar. 4th ed. Oxford University Press.
™ Sharma, R.S. [1965] 1980. Indian Feudalism. Madras: Macmillan.
™ Sharma, R.S. 1987. Urban Decay in India (c. 300-c.1000). New Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal.
™ Singh, Upinder. 1994. Kings, Brahmanas and Temples in Orissa: An Epigraphic Study
AD 300-1147. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
™ Sinha Kapur, Nandini. 2002. State Formation In Rajasthan: Mewar during the Seventh-
Fifteenth Centuries. New Delhi: Manohar.
™ Srinivasan, T.M. 1991. Irrigation and Water Supply: South India, 200 B.C. ± 1600 A.D.
Madras: New Era Publications.

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 ™ Veluthat, Kesavan. 1993. The Political Structure of Early Medieval South India. New
Delhi: Orient Longmans.
™ Yadava, B.N.S. 1973. Society and Culture in Northern India in the Twelfth Century.
Allahabad: Central Book Depot.

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1. Mughal Absolutism and its crisis ± state structure, ideology ± politico-cultural traditions
and changes.
2. Interpretations of the Mughal decline.
3. Eighteenth century debate: µEvolution or Revolution¶? Recent trends in the
historiography of the eighteenth century µcrisis¶.
4. Political, social and economic bases of the 18th century states ±some case studies of
autonomy, resistance, regional state formation and politics: Punjab ± Jats ± Awadh ±
Bengal ± Deccan and Western India ± the far south
5. Emerging regional cultures: Awadh, Bengal, Hyderabad, Mysore, the far-south.
6. Encounters with and the negotiations within the European Companies ± Dutch, French,
Danish, English.

Select Readings:

™ Alam Muzaffar, The Crisis of Empire in Mughal North India: Awadh and the Punjab,
1707-48
™ Alavi Seema (ed.), the Eighteenth Century in India
™ Ali M. Athar, The Mughal Nobility under Aurangzeb
™ Barnett Richard, North India Between Empires: Awadh, the Mughals and the British,
1720-1801
™ Barnett Richard B. (ed.), Rethinking Early Modern India
™ Bayly C.A. , Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British
Expansion, 1770-1870
™ Blussé Leonard & Gaastra Femme (eds.), On the Eighteenth Century as a Category of
Asian History: Van Leur in Retrospect
™ Chandra Satish, Parties and Politics at the Mughal Court 1707-1740
™ Chandra Satish, Medieval India, Society, the Jagirdari Crisis and the Village
™ Gommans Jos J.L., The Rise of The Indo-Afghan Empire c. 1710-1780
™ Gordon Stewart, The Marathas 1600-1818
™ Grewal J.S., The Sikhs in the Punjab
™ Husain Iqbal, The Ruhela Chieftaincies: The Rise and Fall of Ruhela Power in India in
the Eighteenth Century

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 ™ Marshall P.J. (ed.), The Eighteenth Century in Indian History: Evolution or Revolution
™ McLane John R., Land and Local kingship in eighteenth-century Bengal
™ Mcleod W. H, The Evolution of the Sikh Community
™ Richards J.F., Mughal Administration in Golconda
™ Sarkar Jadunath, The Fall of the Mughal Empire
™ Singh Chetan, Region and Empire: Punjab in the Seventeenth Century
™ Wink Andre: Land and Sovereignty in India: Agrarian Society and Politics under the
Eighteenth-century Maratha Svarajya

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1. Background to the rise of colonial power ± consolidation of British power in Bengal &
the expansion of British power in India ± the battle of Plassey and its aftermath ± the
nature of British imperialist expansion in India: different historical interpretations.
2. Apparatus of the Raj: - Structure of colonial governance: army, police and judiciary.
3. Transition to colonial economy: - Agriculture, trade and industry.
4. The making of colonial knowledge on the Orient± the role of Dubash and Christian
missionaries, education: Indigenous and western, Orientalist and Anglicist approaches.
5. Reform and Revivalism in Indian Religious traditions.
6. Social Reforms and the women¶s question.
7. Revolts against the Raj: The Fakir and Sannyasi revolts, the Chuars and other localized
uprisings ±the Revolt of 1857 ± recent writings on 1857, Indigo Revolt (1859-1860),

Select Readings:
™ Bandopadhyay, Arun, The Agrarian Economy of Tamilnadu, 1820-1855 Calcutta: K.P.
Bagchi 1992
™ Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar. From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India. New
Delhi: Orient Blackswan , 2004

™ Banerjee Dube, Ishita. A History of Modern India. Cambridge University Press, 2015

™ Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi. ed. Rethinking 1857 Delhi: Orient Longman, 2007.

™ Barnett, Richard. B, Rethinking Early Modern India Delhi: Manohar Publishers &
Distributors, 2002
™ Bayly,C.A. Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British
Expansion 1770-1870 Delhi: OUP , 2012
™ Bayly C.A., Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire Cambridge University
Press, 1995
™ Blussé Leonard & Gaastra Femme (eds.), On the Eighteenth Century as a Category of
Asian History: Van Leur in Retrospect. Routledge, 2016

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™ Chaudhuri B.B. Peasant History of Late Pre-Colonial and Colonial India . New Delhi :
Pearson Longman, 2008
™ Choudhary Sushil, Prelude to Empire: Plassey Revolution of 1757. Delhi: Manohar,
2000.
™ Cohn, B. Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton
University Press, 1996.

™ D.A. Low, ed., Congress and the Raj: facets of the Indian Struggle 1917±49 .London:
Heinemann, 1977

™ Dirks, Nicholas B. Castes of Mind . Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press,
2001.
™ Fisher Michael, The Politics of the British Annexation of India, 1757-1857 . Oxford
University Press, 1996
™ Ghosh, Suresh Chandra. The History of Education in Modern India, 1757 - 2012 Delhi:
Orient Blackswan , Edition4, 2013
™ Guha, Ranajit . Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 1983.
™ Guha Sumit, The Agrarian Economy of Bombay Deccan, 1818-1941. Oxford Universtiy
Press, 1985
™ John R. McLane, Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress. Princeton University
Press.1977
™ Khan Abdul Majed, Muhammad Reza Khan and the Transition in Bengal . Cambridge
University Press, 1969
™ Kopf David, British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance: The Dynamics of Indian
Modernization, 1773-1835 University of California Press, 1969
™ Kopf David, The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind. Atlantic
Publishers 1979.
™ Kumar Ravinder, Western India in the Nineteenth Century. Routledge. Reprint. 2004
™ Marshall P.J. (ed.), Eighteenth Century in Indian History :Evolution or Revolution?
Oxford University Press, 2005
™ Marshall P.J, Bengal the British Bridgehead Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern
India 1740-1828. Cambridge University Press. 1987
™ Metcalfe, Thomas, Ideologies of the Raj. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
™ Metcalf Thomas, Land, Landlords and the Raj. Northern India in the Nineteenth
Century. University of California Press, 1979
™ Seal Anil, Emergence of Indian Nationalism. Cambridge University Press. 1968
™ Stein, Burton. ed. The Making of Agrarian Policy in British India, 1770- 1900. Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 1992.
™ Stein Burton, Thomas Munro: The origins of the colonial state and his vision of empire.
Oxford University Press, 1989

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 ™ Sinha , N.K. ed. The history of Bengal 1757- 1905 Calcutta: Calcutta University Press,
1967
™ Sinha N.K., Haider Ali . Calcutta 1941
™ Stokes, Eric. The Peasant Armed: The Indian Rebellion of 1857, ed. C.A. Bayly. New
Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1986.

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1. The rebellion and its aftermath: the reordering of the executive, judiciary and the military, the
Council Acts and the debates over limited representation of the subject citizens in the elected
bodies.
2. Locality, Province and Nation: Reinterpreting the Cambridge School.
3. The rural economy in transition and the popular uprisings in the countryside: Mopillah,
Deccan Riots and the Munda Uprisings.
4. Religion,Cult Practices and Revolutionary Politics: ideological divide between the Moderates,
Extremists and the revolutionaries, foreign links, swadeshi and militant nationalism in Bengal,
Maharastra and Tamilnadu.
5. The differing trends in political imagination: Aligarh's first generation, Theosophists and the
demand for Home Rule.
6. Gandhi and Indian nationalism: Ideology and Practice.

Select Readings:

™ Ahmed,Aziz Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan

™ Ahmed Rafiuddin, Bengal Muslims: A Quest for Identity
™ Arnold David The Congress in Tamilnadu
™ Bagchi,Amiya Private Investment in India
™ Bayly C.A., The Local Roots of Indian Politics
™ Bearce G.D., British Attitudes towards India
™ Bhattacharya,Sabyasachi Financial Foundations of the British Raj
™ Broomfield, Elite Conflict in a Plural Society
™ Chakravarty,Hiren Boycott, Bombs and Bhadralok: Terrorism in Bengal
™ Chandra Bipan , The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India
™ Dale Stephen Mopillahs of Malabar
™ Desai A.R., Social Background of Indian Nationalism
™ Dhanagare D.N., Peasant Movement in India
™ Dutt R.P., India Today
™ Gopal S., British Policy in India 1858-1905
™ Gordon A.D.D., Business and Politics in India
™ Guha Ranajit (ed.), Subaltern studies, vols. I ± VI

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 ™ Hardiman David (ed.), Peasant Nationalism in India
™ Hardy P., The Muslims of British India
™ Heimsath C.H., Indian Nationalism and Hindu Social reform
™ Hutchins Francis, Illusion of Permanence
™ Johnson Gordon, Provincial Politics and Indian Nationalism
™ Kling,Blair Blue Mutiny
™ Low D.A. (ed.), The Indian National Congress
™ McGuire John, The Making of a Colonial Mind
™ McLane John, Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress
™ Mehrotra, S.R. The Emergence of the Indian National Congress
™ Mehta Uday Singh, Liberalism and Empire
™ Metcalf T.R., Aftermath of the Revolt
™ Metcalf T.R., Ideologies of the Raj
™ Misra B.B., The Indian Middle Class
™ Pandey Gyanendra, The Ascendancy of the Congress in Uttar Pradesh
™ Panikkar K.N., Against Lord and State
™ Prakash Gyan (ed.), The World of Agricultural Labourers
™ Ray Rajat, Social Conflict and Political Unrest in Bengal
™ Ray Rajat (ed.), Entrepreneurship and Industry in India
™ Robinson Francis, Separatism among the Indian Muslims
™ Sarkar Sumit, The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, 1903-08
™ Seal Anil, The Emergence of Indian Nationalism
™ Seal Anil, Power, Profit and Politics
™ Seal Anil, Locality, Province and Nation
™ Tripathi Amales, The Extremist Challenge.
™ Washbrook David, The Emergence of Provincial Politics

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1. Historiography of imperialism in India and Indian nationalism

2. Various nationalisms:
a) Gandhian nationalism ± nature and major phases of Gandhian nationalism,
popular interpretations of Gandhian message, the Congress from a party of
movement to a party in government
b) Right nationalism
c) Nationalism and the Indian left
d) Subhas Bose and alternative nationalism
3. Politics of protest and identity
a) Labour, peasant, tribal and students¶ movements

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 b) Nationalism and Indian women¶s movement
c) Caste politics and national question
d) Communal politics and partition
4. Constitutional negotiations and the transfer of power

Selected Reading
™ Sumit Sarkar, Modern India:
± Modern Times
™ Judith Brown, Gandhi¶s Rise to Power:
± Gandhi and the Civil Disobedience Movement
± Gandhi: The Prisoner of Hope
™ Ravinder Kumar (ed), Essays in Gandhian Politics
™ D. A. Low (ed) Soundings in Modern South Asian History.
™ Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and its Fragments
™ Mushirul Hasan, Faith and Freedom: Gandhi in History
™ Claude Markovitz, Indian Business and Politics
™ Amitabha Mukherjee, Militant Nationalism in India:
™ Anton Pelinka, Democracy Indian Style: Subhas Chandra Bose and the Creation of
Indian Political Culture
™ Sugata Bose, His Majesty¶s Opponent
™ Sunil Sen, Peasant Movements in India
™ Sukomal Sen, Working Class of India: History of Emergence and Movement
™ Biswamoy Pati, Adivasis in Colonial India.
™ Gail Omvedt, Dalits and the Democratic Revolution
™ Mushirul Hasan (ed) Partition of India:
± Nationalism and Communal Politics in India
™ Suranjan Das, Communal Riots in Bengal,
™ Gyanendra Pandey, The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India,
™ Bharati Ray, ed Women of India: Colonial and Post Colonial Periods,
™ Subaltern Studies (Relevant volumes)

&&9,7 (0(6,1&217(0 25$5< ,6725<2 ,1',$  

1. Reading and Writing Contemporary History:Prospects and Challenges
2. Approaches Methods Periodisation Sources and Archives: The Contemporary In Indian
History
3. The Making of the Constitution: Indian State and its Consolidation: The Nehru Years:
Political Integration and Administrative Re-organisation: Issues of regional inequalities
4. Indian Economy :Planning and the Public Sector/Agriculture and Land Reform/Green
Revolution
5. Nehru and the vision of the State and Society: Culture Language Ethnicity and Education

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 6. The µ Right¶alternative to the Nehruvian Approach: Jan Sangh, Deen Dayal Upadhyay
and the Swarajya Party
7. The µleft¶in Independent India.
8. The Indian State and Civil Society: J.P.Movement, Vinoba and Bhoodan Movement
9. Indian State from Shastri to Indira Gandhi : The Indira Gandhi Years The crisis of India
State: The Emergency: The political alternative of the Janata Government: Issues and
Policies.
10. Challenges to India¶s Mixed Economy: Road to Liberalisation
11. India Women Nehruvian State and the Contemporary Women¶s Movement
12. Communalism: Caste and Caste Politics: Tribal Assertions
13. Indian Foreign Policy/India and World Powers/ India and her neighbours

Select Readings:

™ Ananth V. Krishna, India Since Independence: Making sense of Indian Politics: 2010
™ Chandra Bipan, Mukherjee Mridula, Mukherjee Aditya,, India After Independence, 1999
™ Guha Ramchandra, The Challenge of Contemporary History, Economic and Political
Weekly June 28, 2008
™ Guha,Ramchandra India After Gandhi:, 2007
™ Presidential Address by Gopal S. Indian History Congress: Thirty-Ninth Session 28-30
December 1978

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1. Renaissance humanism and the new view of man ± rediscovery of the classics ±
humanism as a social ideology ± the restoration of the dignity of man ± implications for
education, art and architecture; Science, technology and the age of discovery ± the
printing revolution ± new techniques of warfare and the military revolution ± the origins
of modern science ± the voyages of discovery and the discovery of the new world ± the
new route to Asia; the formation of the early modern states and the origins of absolutism.
2. Humanism and political theory ± Machiavelli and Thomas More: Reformation and the
problem of secular authority ± Reformation as reinforcement of absolutist Lutheranism ±
Calvinism ± Reformation in the national contexts ± the French religious wars and the
political theory of the modern state: Bodin, Hotman and Mornay
3. The crisis of absolutism ± England in the 17th century ± the political ideas of the Civil
War ± the settlement of 1688 and the beginning of liberalism with special reference to the
ideas of John Locke.
4. Transformation of Liberalism in the 18th century ± the growth of scientific culture ±
secularism as a political and social ideology ± the origins of enlightenment ± the political
theory of enlightenment: Montesquieu and Rousseau ± British utilitarianism and the rise

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 of modern pragmatism: David Hume ± liberal political economy and Adam Smith.
5. Liberalism modernised ± French Revolution and its impact on European thought ±
Bentham, Burke and Paine and the varieties of British political theory ± the rise of
democratic thought, the reform movement in England and ideas of John Stuart Mill;
industrialisation, working class and Mill's notion of welfare ± Individualism and
Citizenship in a democratic polity.
6. Nationalism, culture and statism: Herder, Fichte and Hegel; French Socialistic thought
and the concept of planning ± the origins of state socialism ± the working class and the
Marxist vision ± democratic socialism and Fabian thought.
7. Science and culture in the age of the masses ± the reading public, library and museums ±
the transformation of the public sphere; associations and parties ± liberalism and mass
politics.

Select Readings:

™ Aron, Raymond, Main Currents in Sociological Thought (vols. I-II)

™ Ashcraft R, John Locke and Revolutionary Politics
™ Avineri Slomo, Hegel¶s Theory of the Modern State Social and Political Thought of Karl
Marx
™ Baron Hans, The Crisis of the early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican
Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny
™ Blanning T.C. W, The Power of Culture versus the Culture of Power
™ Bottomore D, Karl Marx
™ Bronowski Jacob, The Ascent of Man
™ Magic, Science, and Civilization
™ Burke P, The Renaissance Sense of the Past
™ Butterfield H., The Origins of Modern Science 1300-1800
™ Colletti Lucion, From Rousseau to Lenin
™ Daniel Dennett, Darwin¶s Dangerous Idea
™ Dickinson H.T., Property and Ideology in 18th Century Britain
™ Englander D, Norman D Day, R.O & Owens W.R (ed), Culture and Belief in Europe
™ Evans M, Marx
™ Findlen P, The Italian Renaissance
™ Foucault Michel, The Order of Things
™ Gilbert F, Machiavelli and Guicciardini: Politics and History in Sixteenth Century Florence
™ Goodman A and Mackay A , The Impact of Humanism on Western Europe
™ Goodman Antony, The Impact of Humanism in Europe
™ Haigh C, The English Reformation revisited
™ Hale J.R., Renaissance and the Civilisation of Europe / Renaissance Europe
™ Hankins T.L.,Science and the Enlightenment

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™ Hill C., The Origins of Modern Science 1300-1800
™ Huff T.E., The Rise of early Modern Science: Islam, China and the West
™ Israel Jonathan, The Radical Enlightenment
™ Kedourie Elie, Nationalism
™ Kuhn Thomas, The Structure of Scientific Revolution
™ Laski Harold, The Rise of European Liberalism
™ Laslett Peter (ed), Locke¶s Two Treatises on Government
™ Lindberg C., The European Reformation
™ Macpherson C.J., Political Theory of Possessive Individualism
™ Marcuse Herbert, Reason and Revolution
™ McLellan David, The Thought of Karl Marx
™ Miller D, Ideology and Politics in Hume¶s Political Thought
™ Nauert C.G., Humanism and the Culture of renaissance Europe
™ Pocock J.G., Machiavellian Moment
™ The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law
™ Varieties on English Political Thought
™ Popper Karl , Open Society and its Enemies
™ Porter R & Teich, M The Scientific Revolution in the National Context
™ Rossi P., The Birth of Modern Science
™ Sayer Derrick, Schreibner B, Porter R, Modernity and Capitalism
™ M Teich (ed), The Reformation in National Context
™ Shackleton Robert Montesquieu
™ Shapin S., The Scientific Establishment
™ Skinner Q.R.D., Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols)
™ ± Liberty before Liberalism
™ Machiavelli
™ ± Visions of Politics, (3 vols)

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1. The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism: Dobb, Sweezy, Brenner and after
2. The Proto-industrial Phase in Europe and the Industrial Revolution ± the meaning of the
concept of both ± broad trajectories of Agricultural Revolution in England ±
reorganization of the system of landholding ± abolition of serfdom as another method of
reorganization
3. Explanation of the development of industrial capitalism ± classical economists ±Marxists
± neo-classical economics ± Keynsian accounts ± W.W. Rostow ±Braudel ± post-
Braudelian thinkers ± Pomeranz and the Great Divergence
4. Origins of technological innovations and their significance for industrialization in
England, the Continent and elsewhere ± the classic case of Britain and the experiences of

13
 the µlate-comers¶ in Europe, America and Asia ± causal explanation of technological
innovations ± relation between scientific and technological innovation and education
5. The relevance of social structure to the growth of industrial enterprises ± differences in
approach to manufacturing and commercial enterprise in Britain, Europe, Asia and
elsewhere ± evolving definitions of µpre-industrial social values¶ and their impact on the
character of industrialization and the nature of industrial change ±the homogeneity of
economic growth ±collective resistance ±problems of moral economy
6. The social impact of industrialization in England and the Continent ± the standards of
living debate± the working class and the growth of a new class structure.
7. The global spread of industrial modernity: USA, China, Japan and the Middle East

Select Readings:

™ Aston T.H. & Philpin C.H.E., The Brenner Debate: Agrarian Class Structure and
Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe
™ Berg Maxine, The Age of Manufactures, 1700-1820: Industry, Innovation and Work in
Britain
™ Berg Maxine, Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe
™ Braudel F., Capitalism and the Material Life/ The Wheels of Commerce
The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vols. VI, VII and VIII
™ Cipolla C.M. (ed.), The Fontana Economic History of Europe
™ Dean P., The First Industrial Revolution
™ Floud R. and McCloskey D.N., The Economic History of Britain Since 1770
™ Gatrell P., The Tsarist Economy, 1850-1917
™ Gerschenkron Alexander, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective
™ Hudson Pat, The Industrial Revolution
™ Kemp T., Economic Forces in French History
™ Kriedte Peter, Medick Hans and Schlumbohm Jurgen, Industrialisation before
Industrialisation
™ Kuhn Thomas, The Structure of Scientific Revolution
™ Landes, David, Unbound Prometheus:
™ --- The Wealth and Poverty of Nations
™ Rostow W.W., The Stages of Economic Growth
™ Trebilcock,C., The Industrialization of the Continental Powers
™ Vries Jan de, Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 1700-1820
™ Wallerstein E., The Modern World System

&&,  ,6725,2*5$ <7 ( (67(5175$',7,21

14
 1. The debates over the nature and status of historical knowledge.

1. The rise of ³modern´ historical consciousness and the constitution of ³History´ as a

professional discipline.

2. Ranke and the writing of political histories.

3. Beyond political history. Marxism and its impact on historical thought. The growing
importance of economic and social history writing in the twentieth century.
4. Varieties of social history ± social history writing in England, France, Germany and
the United States.

5. Critiques of social history.

6. Cultural history and the constitution of diverse fields of cultural history ± post-
structuralist histories, semiotics, mentalities, identities, gender and memory studies.

Select Readings:

™ Bentley Michael (ed.), Companion to Historiography, 1997

™ Breisach Ernst, Historiography , (3d.ed. 2007)
™ Burke Peter, What is Cultural History?, 2004
™ Eley Geoff, A Crooked Line: From Cultural History to the History of Society , 2005
™ Evans Richard, In Defence of History, 1997
™ Green Anna and Troup Kathleen (introduced and selected by), The Houses of History. A
Critical Reader in Twentieth-Century History and Theory. , 1999
™ Hunt Lynn (ed.), The New Cultural History, 1989
™ Iggers Georg G., New Directions In European Historiography, 1975
™ Iggers Georg G., Historiography in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to
the Postmodern Challenge , 1997
™ Tosh John, The Pursuit of History, (4th ed. 2006)

&&  ,6725< 5,7,1*,1,1',$ 520 5(&2/21,$/725(&(177,0(6

1. Pre colonial traditions of history writing and western views on Indian historical
consciousness.

2. History writing during the early colonial period with special reference to regional
historical narratives.

15
 3. Westernisation, the introduction of western methods of history writing and the emergence
of a µmodern¶ historical consciousness-pedagogy and the historical profession in India.

4. Emergence of a nationalist paradigm and the transformation of Indian historiography.

a).Contesting trends of history writing on India¶s ancient and medieval past.
b) Approaches to Modern Indian History: Changing dimensions.

5. Post colonial India: Exploring contemporary issues and the different trajectories of
historical enquiry; use of non-conventional sources.

READING LIST

Chatterjee, Kumkum, The Cultures of History in Early Modern India: Persianization and
Mughal culture in Bengal.
Chattopadhyay, Partha, & Ghosh, Anjan (eds), History and the Present
Chattopadhyay, Partha, & Aquil, Raziuddin (eds), History in the Vernacular
Deshpande, Prachi- Creative Pasts: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India 1700-
1960 (Cultures of History).
Pathak, V.S.- Ancient Historians of India: A Study in Historical Biographies.
Philips, C.H. (ed.)- Historians of India, Pakistan and Ceylon.
Sarkar, Sumit- Writing Social History.
Sen, S.P. (ed)- Historians and Historiography in Modern India.
Tripathi, Amalesh- Itihas O Aitihasik.

&& ,0$ ,1*2 7 (7 (17,(7 &(1785< 25/',,   

1. The study of International Relations as a specialized discipline; perspectives on world

politics; the realist school, the pluralist school and structuralist school ± International
Relations as universal history.
2. The world after the Second World War ± the Cold War: (a) background; responsibility
for the Cold War; the question of the inevitability of the Cold War (b) manifestations of
the Cold War; Sovietization of Eastern Europe; Americanization of Western Europe;
the German Question and the Berlin Crisis.
3. Europe in transition: (a) Western Europe ± Detente; Integration in Western Europe ±
the European Union; problems and prospects (b) Eastern Europe: de-Stalinization and
its impact; rift within the Communist bloc.
4. The emergence of the Third World: (a) Aspects of neocolonialism and movements far a
new world order, (b) Third World crises ± case studies: East Asia: the Korean Crisis ±
the Suez crisis ± the Vietnam War; West Asia: the Palestine issue and Arab-Israeli
Conflict ± the Iranian Revolution of 1979 ± the Iran-Iraq and Iraq-Kuwait conflicts;
Latin America: the U.S.A. and hemispheric security± the Cuban crisis ± revolutionary

16
 challenge and failure: Guatemala, Chile and Nicaragua; Africa: the Algerian Crisis ±
the South Saharan Experience ± the Congo Crisis.
5. The rise of Peoples¶ Republic of China and its implication for global politics.
6. The U.N.O. in World Politics.
7. The New Order: (a) The Gorbachev years, (b) The end of the Cold War, (c) Impact
upon Europe, Western and Eastern, (d) Impact upon US policy ± the case for
unipolarism.
8. Globalisation and its impact.

Select Readings:

™ Alperovitz G., Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam

™ Arnold Guy, The End of the Third World
™ Bartlett C. J., International Politics: States, Power and Conflict since 1945
™ Calvocorressi P., World politics since 1945
™ Gamble A. & Payne A. (ed.) , Regionalism and World Order
™ Gung-Wu-Wang, China and the world since 1949
™ Halle L. J., The Cold War as History
™ Lowe Peter, The Origins of the Korean War
™ Sheehan Neil (ed.), The Pentagon Papers
™ Venn Fiona, Oil Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century
™ William T, Tow, Ramesh Thakur & In-Taek Hyan (ed), Asia¶s Emerging Regional Order:
Reconciling Traditional and
™ Wukkuans W. A., Empire as a way of life

&& ,, ,6725<2  (1*$/   

1. Pre-colonial Bengal: Economy, society and culture
2. Colonial impact: Restructuring administration and economy: Land settlements and
Tenancy legislations, commercialization of agriculture, the Company¶s trade, rise of new
industrial interests, reshaping the financial agencies (monetary system, banking)
3. Urbanization: Rise and growth of Calcutta and its satellite towns, colonial domination
and indigenous capital, elite and popular culture
4. Resurgence of Bengal countryside: Popular religious cults
5. Encounter with modernity: Ideological discourses and agencies of modernization
(education, print media)
6. Social structure and religious ideas: Colonial construction of caste and caste mobility
movements, Brahmo movement and µNew Hindu¶ movement, towards the formation of a
Muslim identity, women question
7. Resistance to colonial rule and the rise of nationalism: peasant uprisings, social and
ideological roots of nationalism

17
 8. Birth of organized politics: Transition from indigenous political culture to politics of
association, extremist-moderate conflicts, revolutionary nationalism, Swadeshi phase

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&& ,,,History of Bengal 1905-1977

1. Bengal¶s role in nationalist politics: Swadeshi era, revolutionary nationalism, response to
Gandhian movements, leftism and its impact
2. Politics of protest and identity: Workers¶, peasants¶ and youth movements, caste
mobilization, from communal consciousness to communal riots ± Hindu-Muslim divide,
world of women
3. Partition and aftermath ± Refugee problem
4. Understanding decolonization: Centre-state relations, Congress rule and leftist
opposition, electoral process and mass mobilization, experiment in coalition politics,
challenge of the radical left
5. Main trends of Bengal economy ±
Colonial scenario: changes in agriculture and industry aftermath of the First World War,
Famine of 1943
Post-colonial changes: from Tenancy Legislation to Operation Barga, food crisis, impact
of high yielding seed variety, ecological impact, industrial scenario
6. Nationalist discourse of science, art, literature and public health
7. History Writings in Twentieth Century Bengal

Book List
™ Sumit Sarkar, Swadeshi Movement in Bengal 1903-1908.
™ Amitabha Chandra, Abibhakta Banglay Communist Andolan: Suchana Parba.
™ Partha Chatterjee, Bengal: The Land Question.

18
 ™ Adriene Cooper, Sharecropping and Sharecroppers¶ Struggle in Bengal.
™ Dipesh Chakraborty, Rethinking Working Class History in Bengal.
™ Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, Caste, Protest and Identity in Colonial India.
™ Joya Chatterjee, Bengal Divided.
™ Prafulla Chakraborty, Marginal Men.
™ Barbara Southard, The Women¶s Movements and Colonial Politics in Bengal.
™ Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, Decolonization.
™ Marcus Franda, Radical Politics in West Bengal:
™ Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, Defining Moments in Bengal.
™ Punam Bala, Imperialism and Medicine in Bengal:
™ Tapati Guhathakurta, The Making of New Indian Art.
™ Bengal: Rethinking History: Essays in Historiography: Sekhar Bandyopadhyay

&& ,90$ ,1*2 7 (7 (17,(7 &(1785< 25/'   

Unit 1: The onset of the 20th century-continental and regional variations

Unit 2: The European alliance system and strategic rivalry leading to the First World War
Unit 3: The origins of the First World War and its nature
Unit 4: The Versailles arrangement and the inter-war years in Europe
Unit 5: Rise of non-state global powers: United States and Japan
Unit 6: Prelude to war and the origins of the Second World War

Essential reading

x Andrew J.Crozier, The Causes of the Second World War, Oxford, Blackwell, 1997
x Andrew Porter, Imperialism ,Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 1984
x A J P Taylor, Origins of the Second World War, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1990
x Annika Mombauer, The origins of the First World War. Controversies and consensus,
New York & Harlow: Longman, 2002

x Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes: The short twentieth century 1914-1991, UK:
Little Brown, 1995
x Pamela Crossley et al., eds., Global Society: The World Since 1900, 3rd edition Cengage
Learning, 2012
x Felix Gilbert and David Clay Large, The End of the European Era: 1890 to the Present,
New York W W Norton, 2002
x Marc Ferro, a, London and New York, Routledge, 2002
x Pamela Crossley et al., eds., Global Society: The World Since 1900, 3rd edition Cengage
Learning, 2012
x Harold James, Europe Reborn: A History, 1914-2000, Harlow, Pearson Lomgman,2003
x Asa Briggs and Patricial Clavin, Modern Europe: 1789-Present, New Delhi, Pearson
Education, 2009( Indian Edition)

19
 x William R. Keylor, The Twentieth-Century World and Beyond. An International History
since 1900, 6th edition, Oxford University press, 2011.


&& 967$7($1' 25(,*1 2/,&<,1,1'( (1'(17,1',$

1. Factors influencing India¶s foreign policy making.

2. India and the Third World:
(a) NAM
(b) South-South Cooperation.
3. India in South Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.
4. India and the Great Powers:
i) The U.S.A.
ii) Soviet Union (Russia)
iii) China.
5. Post Cold War trends in Indian foreign policy making:
(a) Globalisation
(b) Economic Diplomacy
(c) µLook East Policy¶
6. Institutionalising co-operation in South Asia: the case of SAARC.
7. Nuclear Policy and weaponisation: its impact.

Select Readings:

™ Appadorai A., Domestic Roots of India¶s Foreign Policy 1947-1972

™ Bajpai U.S. (ed.), Indian Foreign Policy: The Indira Gandhi Years
™ Bandyopadhyay Jayantanuja, The Making of Indian Foreign Policy
™ Bidwai Praful & Vanaik Achin, South Asia on a short fuse: Nuclear politics and the future of
Global Disarmament
™ Damodaran A K & Das Devendra Kumar (ed.), SAARC Regional Cooperation and
Development Perspectives, Problems, Policies
™ Gonsalves E. & Gordon Sandy, India¶s Rise to Power
™ Grover Verinder (ed.), International Relations and Foreign Policy of India
™ Racioppi Linda, Soviet Policy Towards South Asia since 1970
™ Ramakant (ed.), South Asia: Some Reflections

20
 x DEPARTMENTAL SPECIAL ELECTIVES (DSE)

'6(,,1',$ $*5$5,$1(&2120<

1. The State and the agrarian economy:

a. Arable and untilled lands, forests, arid zones.
b. Systems of production: crop patterns, means of cultivation, irrigation, agricultural
technology.
c. Revenue resources
d. Surplus extraction: revenue assessment under the Delhi Sultanate; Mughal systems of
revenue assessment with special reference to zabt.
e. Surplus redistribution: iqta mansab and jagir.
2. Structure of agrarian society:
a. The agrarian community and the pastoral sector during the Sultanate.
b. Zamindars, peasants, revenue grantees ± stratification and sources of differentiation in
Mughal India.
c. The village community.
3. Social relations and tensions:
a. Demography, forms of labour, different types of slavery.
b. Caste, class ideology and rural society.
c. Peasant uprisings in the Delhi Sultanate
d. Jat, Maratha, Satnami uprisings in Mughal India
4 a. The nature of the pre-Mughal agrarian economy.
b. Agrarian crisis in Mughal India
5. Regional economies: case studies ± Rajasthan, Vijaynagar, Maharashtra

Select Readings:

™ Chandra Satish, Medieval India; Society, Jagirdari Crisis and the Village, 1992
™ Fukazawa Hiroshi, The Medieval Deccan, 1999
™ Habib Irfan, The Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556-1702., 1963
™ Habib Irfan (ed.), Economic History of Medieval India, 1200-1500., 2011
™ Hasan S Nurul, Thoughts on Agrarian Relations in Mughal India, 2000
™ Karashima Noboru, Towards a New Formation: South Indian Society under Vijayanagar
Rule, 1993
™ Moreland W.H., The Agrarian System of Moslem India, 1929

21
 ™ Raychaudhuri Tapan and Habib Irfan (eds); The Cambridge Economic History of India,
Vol-I, 1982
™ Singh Dilbagh, The State, Landlords and Peasants, 1990
™ Stein Burton, Peasant, State and Society in Medieval South India, 1980

'6(,1',$ 7 (121$*5$5,$1(&2120<

1. Urban Processes:
a. Urban Centres
b. Urban Communities: Merchants, bankers, artisans
c. Non Agricultural production; Artisanal/Handicraft production
d. Price Control/Market Regulations
e. Technology
f. Urban-rural relations
2. Currency system, prices, wages and standards of living
3. Inland transport, communication and trade :
a. Inland and Foreign/Oceanic Trade
b. Advent of Europeans and their impact on the maritime map of India.
4. Potentialities for change in the Mughal economy

Select Readings:

™ Dasgupta Ashin, Merchants of Maritime India, 1994

™ Dasgupta Ashin, Indian Merchants and the Decline of Surat, 1979
™ Dasgupta Ashin and Pearson eds: India and the Indian Ocean, 1987
™ Qaisar Ahsan Jan : The Indian Response to European Technology and Culture (A.D. 1498-
1707), 1982
™ Raychaudhuri Tapan and Habib Irfan (eds); The Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol-
I, 1982
™ Richards J.F., The Imperial Monetary System of Mughal India, 1987
™
™ Subramanian Lakshmi, Medieval Seafarers., 1999
™ Sinha N.K., The Economic History of Bengal(3 Vols), (Vol-I& II-1965, Vol III-1970)
™ Subrahmanyam Sanjay, The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India, 1500-1650,
1990
™ Verma H.C., Dynamics of Urban Life in Pre-Mughal India, 1986

22
'6( 7 (67$7(,1,1',$1 ,6725< 
1) Political Impact of the Ghaznavid and Ghurid invasions on North India and the
establishment of the Delhi Sultanate.
2) (a) Political theory of Jahandari: Sovereignty, legitimacy and the nature of the state.
(b) Dindari, the Sharia and the notion of the Universal Caliphate under the Delhi Sultans.
(c) Foundation and consolidation of the Mughal empire Empire: Imperial expansion-
³Gunpowder Empire´ thesis-military labour market;
(d) Politics of Alliances;
(e) Administrative institutions: Mansab, and Jagir systems.
3) State policies in the 17th century: changes in Mansab and Jagir systems; shifts in the
politics of alliances; Mughal expansion into the Deccan; changes in the composition of the
nobility.
4) Empire and Ideology: Lineages of Mughal absolutism-The Turko-Mongol heritage;
Norms of comportment, court rituals and customs; norms of masculinity, the harem and
the empire; State and Religion in the 16th and 17th centuries, Sulh-i-Kul (1580-85) the
articulation of an Imperial agenda .
5) The crisis of Empire: Theory of ³Jagirdari crisis´, ³Agrarian crisis´; Interpretations of
Mughal decline;
6) The Nature of the Mughal state: ³centralized- bureaucratic model´(Aligarh School);
Blake¶s ³patrimonial bureaucratic model´; revisionist critique of structuralist model;
towards a ³state-in-society´ approach.

Select Readings:

™ Alam M., Delvoye Francois N. & Gaborieau M. eds, The Making of Indo- Persian Culture,
Indian and French Studies.(2000)
™ Alam M. & Subrahmanyam S. eds, The Mughal State, 1526- 1750.(1998)
™ Ali M. Athar, The Mughal Nobility under Aurangzeb.(1966)
™ Aziz Abdul, The Mansabdari System and the Mughal Army.(1972)
™ Chandra Satish, Medieval India; Society, the Jagirdari crisis and the Village.(1992
™ Digby Simon, War Horses and Elephants in the Delhi Sultanate.(1971)
™ Habib Irfan, The Agrarian System of Mughal India.(1963)
™ ed. Akbar and His India.(1997
™ Hintze Andrea, The Mughal Empire and its Decline.(1997)
™ Jackson Peter, The Delhi Sultanate.(1999)
™ Kumar Sunil, Emergence of the Delhi Sultanate. (2010)
™ Khan Iqtidar Alam ed. Akbar & His Age.(1999)
™ Kulke Hermann ed. The State in India 1000- 1700.(1995)
™ Mukhia Harbans The Mughals of India. (2008)
™ Richards,J.F. The Mughal Empire (1993)

23
™ ed. Kingship & Authority in South Asia. (1998)
™ Rizvi S.A.A., Religious & Intellectual History of the Muslims in Akbar¶s Reign.(1975)
™ Streusand Douglas E., The Formation of the Mughal Empire (1989)

'6( ,1',$ 62&,(7<$1'&8/785(

1. Emerging Social Patterns and social mobility:

(a) Impact of the Ghaznavid and Ghurid invasions on social classes and social
relationships.
(b) Rural and urban societies: Caste, Class, Tribe
(c) The village community and its social stratification
(d) Urban elites: Nobility, mercantile communities and the middle classes
(e) Gender and women: masculinities and sexualities ± marriage, inheritance and property
rights in North Indian Islamic Society ± feminine elements in Islamic mysticism ± the
public and private world of the Mughal harem.
2. Religion:
(a) Popular religions and local cults: Bhakti (Saguna and Nirguna) Sufism, Sikhism,
Vaishnavism.
(b) Rites, rituals, the supernatural and pilgrimages.
(c) Hinduism and Islam: Syncretic trends and traditions.
(d) Popular and Mystic cults: Bhakti, Sufism, Vaisnavism, Sikhism, Kabir, Dadu,
Ramdas
(e) Muslim revivalist movements
3. Culture: Mughal Court culture and etiquette ±popular culture

4. Knowledge, Language and Literature:

(a) Shuhudi and Wajudi doctrines.
(b) Scientific and Rational knowledge; Medicine
(c) Technological innovations and their impact on warfare, agriculture, crafts,
construction activities.
(d) Persian and Vernacular literary creations
(e) Historical texts,
(f) Travelogues.
5. Artistic Representation:
(b) Architecture: Evolution of Imperial and regional styles.
(c) Painting: Imperial and regional schools
(d) Performing Arts: Music
Select Readings:

™ Ahmad Aziz Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environmen , 1964

24
™ Ahmad Aziz An Intellectual History of Islam in India, 1972
™ Chattopadhyay Debi Prasad (ed.), Studies in the History of Science in India
™ Gilmartin David and Lawrence Bruce B (eds.), Beyond Turk and Hindu: Rethinking
Religious Identities in Islamicate South Asia , 2002
™ Grewal J.S. (ed.), The State and Society in Medieval India Vol. 7 Pt. 1, 2005
™ Grewal J.S. (ed.), Religious Movements and Institutions in Medieval India, Vol.7. Pt 2 , 2006
™ Habib Irfan (ed.), Medieval India, Vol. 1, 1992
™ Haque Ishrat, Glimpses of Mughal Society and Culture, 1992
™ Mukhia Harbans, The Mughals of India , 2008
™ Rizvi S.A.A., The Wonder that was India, Vol. 2 , 1999
™ Siddiqui Iqtidar Husain (ed.), Medieval India: Essays in Intellectual Thought and Culture,
Vol. 1 , 2003

'6( 0<67,&$/029(0(176,10(',(9$/,1',$

1) Bhakti Movement in South India

2) Bhakti Movement in North India (i) Historical Background, (ii) Salient Features (with
reference to Kabir, Chaitanya, Nanak and Tulsidas)
3) Sufism: A Historiographical Survey
4) Salient Features of Sufism with reference to Heterogeneity
5) Contributions of Sufism
6) Bhakti-Sufi Interaction
7) Ritual Dynamics of Sufism
Selected Reading List
™ Richard M Eaton, Sufis of Bijapur
™ Satish Chandra, Historiography, Religion and State in Medieval India
™ SAA Rizvi, A History of Sufism in India (2 vols)
™ Krishna Sharma, Medieval Bhakti Movement
™ Sunita Puri, Sikhism, Socio-Religious Perspective
™ Amit Dey, Islam in South Asia
™ Carl W Ernst, Shambala Guide to Sufism
™ Francis Robinson, Islam South Asia and the West
™ Arthur Buehler, Naqshbandis.
™ Narendranath Bhattacharyya, Medieval Bhakti Movement


'6(,6/$0$1',6/$0,&&8/785(,1,1',$

1. Perception of the Caliph in India

2. State Power and Sufism in India
3. Mughal Paintings

25
 4. Dara Shukoh, MAK Azad and Eclectic Traditions
5. Gandhi's Engagement with Islam
6. Modernizing Role of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Shibli Numani, Kazi Abdul
7. Wadud and others

Reading List:

™ Richard M Eaton ed., India's Islamic Traditions

™ Blain H Auer, Symbols of Authority in Medieval Islam
™ R.M.Eaton, Sufis of Bijapur
™ Syed Ahmad Khan, A Voyage to Modernity (Edited by Mushirul Hasan)
™ C.W.Troll ed., Ian Henderson Douglas, MAK Azad; A Religious Biography
™ Francis Robinson, Islam South Asia and the West
™ Francis Robinson, The Ulama of the Faranghi Mahal
™ Bikramjit Hasrat, Dara Shukoh
™ Amit Dey, Islam in South Asia
™ Kazi Abdul Wadud Rachanabali (Several vols)
™ Tendulkar, Gandhi (Several vols)
™ Raghavan N Iyer, Religious and Political Writings of Gandhi (3 vols)

'6( $*5$5,$1 ,6725<2 ,1',$  

1. Historiography of Agrarian History: Changing theoretical issues and conceptual framework ±

some
interpretations of the nature and process of agrarian changes in India during British rule ±
impact of British rule on the rural society and economy ± stagnation or growth: regional
variations.
2. Organisation of the rural economy in pre-colonial and colonial India: examination of the
notions of µvillage self-sufficiency¶ and µvillage community¶; elements of conflicts and
solidarity.
3. Major agricultural trends in colonial India:
a. Growth of cultivation
b. Commercialization of agriculture
c. Famine and scarcity in the Indian rural economy .
d. Price movements and the nature of peasants¶ response to price changes; a study of
some major fluctuations.
4. The rural agrarian social structure:
a. the new land systems and the reshuffling of the upper levels of rural society.
b. Growth of agricultural labour during British rule
c. the growth of µrich peasants¶ and its social and economic impact.

26
 d. Moneylenders and the rural socio-economic structure
e. The changing economic and social organisation in the tribal world
5. Rural landscape and environment: issues concerning forestry
6. Case study of any one of the following:
(i) South India: Pre-colonial social structure; origin of the ryotwari system; introduction of
the revised and new ryotwari system; their impact on the µsocial fabric¶ during 1792 ±
1855 and 1880- 1950; the question of growth of agriculture labour; new institutional and
demographic changes and their impact.
(ii) Punjab: The system of rural credit in pre-British Punjab; co-relationship of µprosperity
and debt¶; the question of alienation of peasant holdings; Dungen¶s view on the loss of
land by some specific agricultural groups; the state intervention and the process of
differentiation.
(iii) Maharashtra: The utilitarian theory of rent & land revenue administration ± the
Goldsmid-Wingate settlement ± growth of rural indebtedness & state intervention in rural
credit relations ±rise of the µrich peasants¶ ± long-term agrarian changes in 19th and 20th
century Maharashtra .
(iv) UP: Organisation of the pre-colonial society and economy ± socio-economic changes
(with special reference to the Ceded and Conquered Provinces) under colonial rule ±
caste and agricultural labour ± the agricultural depression ± agrarian change in Awadh
before the Mutiny ± the new irrigation system and the peasant economy ± the fall and rise
of the talukdars and their socio-economic impact
Select Readings:
™ Baker Christopher, An Indian Rural Economy: The Tamil Countryside 1880-1955, 1984.
™ Bayly C.A., Rulers, Townsmen & Bazaars: North India in the Age of British Expansion,
1983.
™ Bose Sugata, Peasant Labour and Colonial Capital: Rural Bengal since 1770, 1993
™ Chaudhuri B.B., Peasant History of Late Pre-Colonial and Colonial India, 2008.
™ Guha Sumit, Agrarian Economy of the Bombay Deccan, 1985
™ Kumar Dharma (ed), Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol 2, 1982.
™ Ludden David, An Agrarian History of South Asia,
™ Prakash Gyan (ed), The World of the Rural Labourer in Colonial India, 1992
™ Robb Peter (ed), Meanings of Agriculture: Essays in South Asian History and Economy,
1996
™ Sen Amartya, Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, 1981.
™ Stein Burton (ed), The Making of Agrarian Policy in British India 1770-1900, 1992.
™ Thorner Daniel and Alice, Land and Labour in India, 1962

27
DSE 8: 75$'($1',1'8675<,1,1',$  

1. The economic scenario in India around the middle of the nineteenth century ± the
effect of de-industrialization ± the fall of the Agency Houses and the rise of the
.managing agency system
2. Indian economic performance, 1858-1947
a) Recent debates and controversies
b) The emergence of the modern industrial sector ± cotton, jute, tea and coal
c) The steel industries ± engineering industries ± railways
d) Growth of private investment in India, 1900-1950
e) The financial system of the British Raj ± the problems of exchange ± price
movements and fluctuations.
3. History of modern banking in India ± Bengal, Bombay and Madras
4. National income, demography and occupational structure ± labour in the organised
and unorganised sectors in the twentieth centuries

Select Readings:

™ Ambirajan S., Classical Political Economy and British Policy in India, 1978
™ Bagchi A.K., Private Investment in India, 1972
™ Bagchi A.K., The Evolutin of the State Bank of India, 1987
™ Chaudhuri B.B. (ed.), Economic History of India from the 18th to the 20th century, 2005.
™ Kumar Dharma,(ed.), The Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. 2, 1982
™ Mukherjee Aditya, Imperialism, Nationalism and the Making of the Indian Capitalist
Class, 1927-1947, 2002
™ Ray R.K., Industrialization in India: Growth and Conflict in the Private Corporate
Sector, 1914-1947, 1979
™ Roy Tirthankar, The Economic History of India 1857-1947, 2000.
™ Rungta R.S., The Rise of Business Corporation of India 1851-1900, 1970.
™ Tripathi Amales, Trade and Finance in the Bengal Presidency, 1979

DSE 9: 585$/ (1*$/'85,1*7 (&2/21,$/ (5,2'

1. The Peasant world-view with reference to their notion of Justice.

2. Folk Tradition: Contextualizing the folk songs.
3. Texts for the rural audience
4. Eco-geographical factors.

Reading List:

28
Richard M Eaton, The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier
Gautam Bhadra, Iman O Nishan
B.B.Chaudhury, Dharma O Purba Bharate Krisak Andolon
Amalendu De, Bangali Buddhijibi O Bichhinnatabad
Saktinath Jha, Bastubadi Baul
Saktinath Jha, Baul Fakir Dhamser Itibritta
Edward c Dimock, The Place of the Hidden Moon
Amit Dey, The Image of the Prophet in Bengali Muslim Piety
Sudhir Kumar Chakrabarti, Baul Fakir Katha
Rajat K Ray, Tension in Bengal Rural Society
Gunnel Cederlof, Foundation of Empire in N.E.India
Girindranath Das, Bangla Pir Sahityer Katha
Abu Rushd, Songs of Lalan Shah
Ahmad Sharif ed., Baul Kabi Phulbasuddin O Nasaruddiner Padabali

'6( 10 (&2120,& ,6725<2  (1*$/   

1. The pre-colonial economic heritage: An examination of the nature of pre-Plassey

economy of Bengal.
2. The nature of imperial impact- an analysis of the different aspects of the implications of
the colonial rule for Bengal¶s economy and society ± the nature of the Company¶s
intrusion into the domain of internal and international trade, with special reference to
control over production and organization of salt, cotton textiles and silk ± the new
experiments of the Company in the monetary and banking systems till the end of the
eighteenth century.
3. Changes in the agrarian economy of Bengal till the end of the eighteenth century: (a)
Maximization of land revenue: adaptation to the existing agrarian institutions or their
substantial restructuring? (b) Behaviour of the agricultural sectors of the economy before
and after the Famine of 1770 (c) the Famine and its aftermath: Agrarian Distress and
Desertion in Bengal for three decades after 1770 (d) Towards a Permanent Settlement of
land revenue and the innovations in the related institutions.
4. The changing shape of the colonial polity and economy in Bengal in the nineteenth
century:
(a) Background of the Company¶s monopoly in retreat and its final withdrawal- the
continuance of internal monopoly (over salt and opium) - the rise and fall of the
European Agency Houses ± the rise and growth of European banking.
(b) The Permanent Settlement at work: (i) changes in land market and the changing
composition of the landed society (ii) trends in agriculture (iii) the movement of rent (iv)

29
 stratification in the peasant society: developments from the Rent Act of 1859 to the
Bengal Tenancy Legislation of 1885.
(c) The role of the state in the rural power relationships- Zamindars and Jotedars- Peasantry
and the market: motivations and implications of commercialization of agriculture.
(d) The rise of the new indigenous enterprises: a case study of Indo-British collaboration ±
rise and growth of Calcutta and its satellite towns- the structure of modern industry-
colonial domination and indigenous capital.

Select Readings:

™ Bose, Sugata, Peasant Labour and Colonial Capital: Rural Bengal since 1770
™ Bayly C.A., Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire
™ Chowdhury B.B., The Growth of Commercial Agriculture in Bengal, 1757-1900
™ Guha Ranajit, A Rule of Property for Bengal
™ Hossain Hameeda, The Company Weavers of Bengal
™ Kumar Dharma (ed.), Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. 2
™ Marshall P.J., Bengal: the British Bridgehead
™ Prakash Om, The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal
™ Ray Ratnalekha, Change in Bengal Agrarian Society
™ Tripathi Amales, Trade and Finance in the Bengal Presidency

DSE 11: ('8&$7,210(',$$1'&8/785(,11,1(7((17 &(1785<

(1*$/

1. Education in Bengal before the advent of the British- The beginnings of English
education in Bengal ± the Anglicist- Orientalist Debate- The debate on women¶s
education.

2. The Press: early history of the Press 1780-1857 ± the Press and nationalism ± the
vernacular Press Act.

3. The Theatre: the initiation of the Proscenium theatre (1795-1870¶s) ± Gerasim

Stephanovich Lebedeff- Staging the native: Babu Nabin Chandra Basu ± Michael
Madhusudan Dutta- Dinabandhu Mitra - Censorship and the politics of Nationalist
Drama.

Select Readings:
™ Acharya Nirmalya & Palit Dibyendu (eds.), Satabarshe Chalachittra, Vol. 2: Itihas O
Bibartan. (In Bengali), 1998

30
 ™ Banerjee Sumanta, The Parlour and the Streets : Elite and Popular Culture in Nineteenth
Century Calcutta., 1998
™ Basu Aparna, The Growth of Education and Political Development in India, 1974
™ Basu A.N., Education in modern India. Calcutta :1947
™ Bayly C.A., Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication
in India, 1780-1870., 1999
™ Bhatia Nandi, Acts of Authority/ Acts of Resistance: Theatre and Politics in Colonial and
Post-colonial India, 2004
™ Broomfield J.H, Elite Conflict in a Plural Society: Twentieth Century Bengal, 1968
™ Chakraborty Rachana, Higher education in Bengal 1919- 1947: A study of its
administration and Management. 1997
™ Dasgupta Uma , The Rise of an Indian Public. : Impact of Official Policy, 1870-1880.
Rddhi, 1977
™ Ghosh, S.C, The history of education in modern India 1757-2012, 2009
™ Gooptu, Sharmistha, Bengali Cinema: 'an Other Nation'. Routledge, 2011
™ Kaul Chandrika, Reporting the Raj: The British Press and India, C.1880-1922 , 2003
™ Lal Ananda (ed.), The Oxford Companion of Indian Theatre, 2004
™ Mukherjee Sushil Kumar, The Story of the Calcutta Theatres 1753- 1980, 1982
™ Singh Lata (ed.), Theatre in Colonial India: Playhouse of Power, 2009
™ Vasudevan Ravi S., Making Meaning in Indian Cinema, 2000
™ Viswanathan Gauri, Masks of Conquest: Literary Study and British Rule in India, 1990
™ Zastoupil Lynn and Moir Martin ed.,The great Indian Education Debate.1999

'6( (1*$/ 2/,7,&6,'(2/2*<$1' 5$ ,6$7 (17,(7 

&(1785<',6&2856(

1. Imagining the nation: Swadeshi Era, ideological construction and organizations of

revolutionary nationalism, Moderate experiment and Extremist challenge
2. Bengal¶s response to Gandhian movements ± local roots of the Congress ± ideological
differences and factional politics
3. Contesting political ideologies and diversity of political experiments: politics of class,
caste and communalism
4. Politics around Partition, migration and rehabilitation

31
 5. Legislative Politics: Electoral mobilization and the idea of governance ± colonial
beginnings and post-colonial changes
6. Politics of protest and identity ± A post-colonial experience
7. A historiography of Bengal Politics

Selected reading

1. Sumit Sarkar, Swadeshi Movement in Bengal:

2. Hiren Chakravarty, Boycott, Bombs and Bhadralok, Terrorism in Bengal,
3. Amales Tripathi, The Extremist Challenge: India between 1890 and 1910:
4. Rajat Kanta Ray, Urban Roots of Indian Nationalism
5. ± Social Conflict and Political Unrest in Bengal: Rajat Kanta Ray
6. Shukla Sanyal, Revolutionary Pamphlets, Propaganda and Political Culture in Colonial
Bengal
7. Tanika Sarkar, Bengal: Politics of Protest:
8. Srilata Chatterjee, Congress Politics in Bengal 1919-1939,
9. David Laushey, Bengal Terrorism and the Marxist Left:
10. Amitabha Chandra, Abibhakta Banglay Communist Andolan: Suchana Parba,
11. Sugata Bose, Agrarian Bengal:
12. Partha Chatterjee, Bengal: The Land Question,
13. Adriene Cooper: Sharecropping and Sharecroppers¶ Struggle in Bengal:
14. Dipesh Chakraborty, Rethinking Working Class History in Bengal:
15. Subho Basu, Does Class Matter: Colonial Capital and Workers¶ Resistance in Bengal:
16. Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, Caste, Protest and Identity in Colonial India:
17. Joya Chatterjee, Bengal Divided:
18. Suranjan Das, Communal Riots in Bengal:
19. Semanti Ghosh, Different Nationalisms:
20. Prafulla Chakraborty, Marginal Men:
21. Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, Decolonization:
22. Marcus Franda, Radical Politics in West Bengal:
23. Satyabrata Datta, Banglar Bidhansabha O Sansadiya Rajniti:
24. Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, Defining Moments in Bengal.
25. Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, Bengal: Rethinking History: Essays in Historiography:

32
'6(  ,6725<2  5$1&(  

1. The liberal political culture of the Third Republic ± the principles and practices of liberalism
± the Republican political model
2. Left wing politics and the Third Republic.
3. The rise of the µNew Right¶.
4. The workings of the liberal consensus and its breakdown.
5. An alternative to liberalism ± the Popular Front Experiment.
6. The rise of Fascism in France.
7. The fascist victory and Vichy France.

Select Readings:

™ Anderson R.D., France, 1870-1914: Politics and Society., 1984

™ Bernstein Serge, Les Cultures Politiques en France., 1999
™ Caron F., An Economic History of Modern France, 1979
™ Gildea Robert, Children of the Revolution. The French, 1799-1914., 2008
™ Jackson J., The Popular Front in France: Defending Democracy, 1934-1938., 1990
™ Judt Tony, Marxism and the French Left. Studies in Labour and Politics in France, 1830-
1981., 2011
™ Mayeur J.M. and Rébérioux M., The Third Republic from its Origins to the Great War., 1984
™ McMillan James, Twentieth Century France. Politics and Society, 1898-1991., 1992
™ McMillan James, France and Women, Gender, Society and Politics., 2000
™ Paxton R.O., The Vichy Regime: Old Guard and New Order., 2001
™ Rémond René, La République Souveraine. La vie politique en France, 1879-1939., 2002
™ Soucy Robert, French Fascism.The First Wave.,1986
™ Soucy Robert, French Fascism, The Second Wave., 1997

'6( 7 ( 5,1&(67 (1$7,21$1'7 ((0 ,5(*(50$1<   

1. The Making of Germany: The idea of Germany: the course of German nationalism from
the vormärz to 1871; Bismarck and the formation of the German Empire in 1871.
2. Politics in Bismarckian Germany: the struggle between the Empire and the States:
Liberalism, Conservatism and the Centre Party; agrarian conservatism, welfare politics
and the role of the German state; rise of social democracy
3. Bismarckian society and economy: Social churning in an age of economic hardship:
changes in the countryside; urban growth; changing cultural landscape
4. Politics in Wilhelmine Germany: alliance between middle class and agrarian
conservatism; divisions within social democracy
5. The German Problem reconsidered: Domestic roots of German foreign policy from
unification to the Great War; Empire as safety valve?

33
Select Readings:

™ Berghahn Volker, Imperial Germany 1871-1914,

™ Brechtefeld Jörg, Mitteleuropa and German Politics: 1848 to the Present
™ Craig Gordon, Germany 1871-1945
™ Eley G, Blackboune, D, The Peculiarities of German History
™ Fischer F, From Kaiserreich to Third Reich
™ Guttman W, German Social Democracy in the Nineteenth Century,
™ Koch, H.W., The Origins of the First World War
™ Rohl J.C.G., From Bismarck to Hitler,
™ Sheehan J., (ed) Imperial Germany
™ ± German Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century,
™ Stolper G, Häuser,K, Borchardt, K, The German Economy: 1870 to the Present
™ Taylor A.J. P, The Course of German History,
™ The Struggle for Mastery in Europe

DSE 15: 7 (5,6($1' $//2 7 ( (2 /(667$7(*(50$1<  

1. Post-War Germany: Weimar Republic as a re-foundation of Germany; persistent
structural problems and their impact on German politics; Weimar society and culture.
2. The presaging of doom: the socialist challenge and the response of the German right; The
Depression, Hitler and the rise of the Nazi movement
3. Nazi Germany; social and economic policies of Nazism and the response; German
economy on the way to the war; the Jewish question
4. German foreign policy in the interwar period: the challenge of Versailles; Stressemann
and Locarno; Nazi foreign policy
5. Germany divided: creation of FRG and GDR; continuities

Select Readings:

™ Berkowitz M, The Crime of My Very Existence: Nazism and the Myth of Jewish Criminality
™ Bracher K.D., The German Dictatorship,
™ Bullock A, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny
™ Fest Joachim, Hitler
™ Fischer F, From Kaiserreich to Third Reich
™ Longerich Peter, Holocaust : the Nazi Persecution and the Murder of the Jews
™ Kershaw Ian, The Hitler Myth,
™ Mitchell Otis, Hitler¶s Stormtroopers and the Attack of the German Republic 1919-1933
™ Overy R.J., The Nazi Economic Recovery
™ Smaldone W, Confronting Hitler: German Social Democrats in Defense of the Weimar
Repuiblic, 1929-33

34
™ Widdig Bernd, Culture and Inflation in Weimar Germany,

DSE 16 ,6725<2  5,7$,1,17 (1,1(7((17 $1'7 (17,(7 &(1785,(6

1. Emergence of a new political culture in the nineteenth century: concept of a new state
and constitutional reforms; parties, groups and political ideas; notion of empire and
challenges of nationalism
2. Problems and prospects of economy in the nineteenth century: features of British
economy, Depression of 1870s and its effect; Labour issues
3. Different social groups and cultural varieties: Issues of class, race and gender in the
Victorian age
4. Consolidation of new political culture in the twentieth century: Political parties; Irish
question; changing contours of European politics and their impact on British domestic
politics
5. Economy, society and culture: Wars, Depression and decolonization ± their impact; class,
race and gender in post-Victorian age

Select Readings:

™ Feuchtwanger E.J., Democracy and Empire (Britain 1865-1914), 1985

™ Gregg Pauline, A Social and Economic History of Britain (1760-1970), 1971
™ Johns E.A., The Social Structure of Modern Britain, 1965
™ Lewis Jane, Women in England 1870-1950, 1984
™ Pugh Martin, The Making of Modern British Politics (1867-1939), 1982
™ Robbins Keith, The Eclipse of A Great Power (Modern Britain 1870-1975), 1983
™ Sidney Pollard: The Development of British Economy (1914-1990), 1992
™ Taylor A.J.P., Oxford History of England (1914-1945), 1965
™ Thompson F.M.L. (ed), The Cambridge Social History of Britain 1750-1950, 1990
™ Thomson David, England in the Nineteenth Century, 1950
™ Thomson David, England in the Twentieth Century, 1965

'6( 5866,$029(6,172$02'(51 25/'7 (&20,1*2 7 (5(92/87,21,1$08/7,(7 1,&

(0 ,5(

1. Timeline. The chronology of late Imperial Russian History. The rulers and their country.
2. Social transformation in late Imperial Russia. The first phase. The Post-Crimean War
Crisis, the Great Reforms and the Emancipation of the serfs. Economic reform until 1891.
Changes in social structure. Commercialization and the peasantry. The early proletariat.
3. Social transformation in late Imperial Russia. The second phase. The Witte reforms,
economic growth and the development of urbanization. The working class of the early
20th century. Nature of the middle classes. The crisis of the Russian landed classes.

35
 4. Understanding social transformation in Russia. Slavophils, Westernizers, Populists and
Social Democrats. Two approaches. L. Tikhmirov and the conservative approach.
Vladimir Ulianov and the Marxist approach.
5. Understanding social transformation in Russia. The nationalist peripheries. The Tatar
case and Ismail Bey Gasprinskii. The Georgian case and Ilia Chavchavadze. The
penetration of the djadid movement into Central Asia.
6. The Revolution of 1905.
7. The impact of modern politics 1905-1914. Russian constitutionalism in comparative
perspective. The public and the Court.
8. Literary Representations of a changing society. From Turgenev to Gorkii.

Select Readings:

™ Ascher A., The Revolution of 1905 (2 Vols.).

™ Brooks J., When Russia learned to Read
™ Carr E.H., The Russian Revolution
™ The Bolshevik Revolution, (3 Vols.)
™ Deutscher Isaac ., Stalin
™ The Unfinished Revolution
™ Ferro Marc. October, Birth of Society.
™ The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vols. VI and VII
™ Ferro Mare., The February Revolution
™ Kassow E.D., S.D. Clowes, J. West, Between Tsar and People.
™ Keep J.H.L., The Rise of Social Democracy in Russia.
™ The Russian Revolution, a study in mass mobilization.
™ Lang D., The Modem History of Georgia.
™ Lieven D. (ed.), Cambridge History of Russia Vol. 2
™ Manning R. T., The Crisis of the Old Order in Russia.
™ Olcott M.B., The Kazakhs
™ Palat M.K., Social Identities in Revolutionary Russia
™ Riasanovsky N., A History of Russia
™ Stites R., Russian Popular Culture
™ Soucek, Svat, The History of Inner Asia
™ Venturi Franco., The Roots of Revolution
™ Wheeler G., The Modem History of Soviet Central Asia.

'6(  ,6725<2 /$7,1$0(5,&$ 7 $1'7 &(1785,(6

Unit1: Brief survey of anti colonial struggle and independence in South America
Unit 2: The Revolutionary period in South America and growth of Caudilloism
Unit 3: The growth of American influence over Latin America

36
Unit 4: The Leftist movement in Latin America-features and case study of Cuba
Unit 5: Alternative political models- rise of Peronism in Argentina
Essential reading

Select Readings:

™ Bakewell Peter, A History of Latin America Empires and Sequels, 1450-1930

™ Bethel Leslie (ed.), The Cambridge History of Latin America
™ Brading D.A., Church and State in Bourbon Mexico
™ Collier Simon, A History of Chile 1808-1994
™ Costcloe Michael P., The Central Republic in Mexico 1835-1846
™ Ekfani Julie A., The Paradox of the Mexican State
™ Rodriguez Jaime E., Independence of Spanish America
™ Rodriguez Jaime E., (ed.) Mexico in the Age of Democratic Revolution (1750-1850)
™ Benjamin Keen and Keith Haynes, A History of Latin America, Harcour Publishing
Company, 2009
™ Joseph Smith, The United States and Latin America-A History of American Diplomacy,
1776-2000, Routledge, 2005
™ Leslie Bethell(ed.), The Cambridge History of Latin America vols. 3-5, Cambridge university
Press, 1995

'6( 7 (0$ ,1*2 7 (02'(510,''/(($67

1. The concept of the Middle East: ± The Middle East as a geo-strategic space; the Middle
East in British colonial strategy; the Middle East and North Africa in American area
studies; the matter of self-image in the Middle East; the discourse of modernity in the
region
2. Ottoman disintegration and the emergence of the modern Middle East: ± The crisis of
the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century; Ottoman attempts at institutional reform;
constitutionalism; Ottomanism and the origins of Turkish and Arab Nationalism;
3. The Great War and the Peace of Paris ± the Sykes-Picot Agreement; British and French
Mandates;
4. The Kemalist state and its challenges: ² $WDWȨUNDQGWKHDXWKRULWDULDQHGLILFHFUHDWLQJD
Turkish nation
5. Arab Nationalism from League Mandates to Arab Nation-states : ² the discourse of
nationalism in the Arab world ± a) Egypt b) Syria c) Iraq

Select Readings:

37
™ Azak Umut, Islam and secularism in Turkey: Kemalism, Religion and the Nation State
™ Bozdogan Sibel & Kasaba, Riset, Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey
™ Commins, David Dean, Islamic Rerform: Politics and Social Change in late-Ottoman Syria
™ Cronin, Stephanie (ed.) , the Making of Modern Iran: State and Society under Riza Shah
™ Dawisha, Adeed, Iraq: a Political History from Independence to Occupation
™ Foran, J. (ed), A Century of Revolution: Social Movements in Iran
™ Goldschmidt, Arthur, Jr, A Brief History of Egypt
™ Hourani, Albert, A History of the Arab Peoples
™ Katouzian, Homa, The Political Economy of Modern Iran
™ Kayali, Hasan, Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism and Islamism in the Ottoman
Empire 1908-1918
™ Khalid, Rashid et al, The Origins of Arab Nationalism
™ T.E. Lawrence, The Seven Pillars of Wisdom
™ Marsot, A. L al-Sayyid, A History of Egypt: from the Arab Conquest to the Present
™ Owen, Roger, State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East
™ Pipes, Daniel, Greater Syria: the History of an Ambition
™ Provence, Michael, The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism
™ Schulze, Reinhard, A Modern History of the Islamic World
™ Shaw, Stanford &Shaw, Ezel, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey vol. II:
Reform, Revolution and Republic 1808-1975

'6(62&,(7<$1' 2/,7,&6,17 (02'(510,''/(($67


1. The politics of modernization in the Middle East ² constitutionalism and the objectives
of a modern state; authoritarianism and westernization under the Pahlavi Iran and
Kemalist Turkey as models

2. The responses to modernization ± Ba¶athism, Socialism and Political Islam and their
social bases

3. The tragedy of Palestine: ² Israel and the Partition of Palestine; Israel as an ethnic-
democracy; Life and Politics in Occupied Palestine

4. The age of oil ± rise of the petroleum economy; the phenomenon of the strong state, and
the Oil Monarchies

5. The transformation of a society: a) Urbanisation, modernization and the question of

gender

b) Resurgence of Islam as socio-political

movement ± The Iranian Revolution of 1979 and

38
 the shaping of an Islamic order -- Islamism and
Post-Islamism ± from the Gulf War to the Arab
Spring

Select Readings:

™ Abdo Geneive, No God but God: Egypt and the Triumph of Political Islam
™ Abrahamian Ervand, Iran Between Two Revolutions
™ Alnasrawi Abbas, The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars Destruction of Development and
™ Prospects 1950-2010
™ Dawisha, Adeed, Iraq: a Political History from Independence to Occupation
™ Foran, J. (ed), A Century of Revolution: Social Movements in Iran
™ Goldschmidt, Arthur, Jr, A Brief History of Egypt
™ Hourani, Albert, A History of the Arab Peoples
™ Katouzian, Homa, The Political Economy of Modern Iran
™ Kimmerlin, B & Migdal, J, The Palestinian People: a History
™ Moaddel, Mansoor, Class, Politics and Ideology in the Iranian Revolution
™ Moustafa, Tamir, The Struggle for Constitutional Power: Law Politics and Economic
Development in Egypt
™ Owen, Roger, State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East
™ Rodinson, Maxime, Israel: a Colonial-Settler State?
™ Schulze, Reinhard, A Modern History of the Islamic World
™ Shaw, Stanford &Shaw, Ezel, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey vol. II:
Reform, Revolution and Republic 1808-1975
™ Tavakoli-Targhi, Mohammad, Refashioning Iran: Orientalism, Occidentalism and
Historiography
™ Yavuz, Hakan, Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey


'6(7 (0(6,16287 ($67$6,$1 ,6725<'85,1* $1' 
7 7

&(1785,(6
1. Introducing South East Asia: Validity as a historical category
2. Beginnings of colonialism: Trade rivalry among European companies, from commercial
dominance to political rule, structural variations of colonial administration and economy
3. Different forms of early resistance to colonial rule: Aristocratic and popular resistance,
role of religion
4. Age of nationalist struggle: Crisis of colonial economy during the First World War and
aftermath, ideological roots of nationalism, politics of associations and parties, rise of left
alternatives, social ideas and social changes
5. The Second World War and after: Changing course of war and its impact, Japanese
invasion, decolonization

39
 6. Structure of politics, society and economy in independent South East Asia: Challenges to
democracy, experiments with socialism, economic policy, response to and entanglement
with global politics, continuity and change in social life
7. Beyond colonialism: History of Thailand: Formation of a modern state, encounter with
global capitalism, layers of political community, aspects of Thai society
8. Formation of ASEAN: Institutionalization of a µregion¶.

Select Readings:
™ Acharya , Amitabha, The Making of South East Asia:
™ Amin, Muhammad and Malcolm Caldwell, Malay: The Making of a Neo-Colony:
ed. Baker, Chris, A History of Thailand
™ Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, Burma Today:

™ Bastin, John (ed.), The Emergence of Modern Southeast Asia (1511-1957), 1967
™ Bastin J.S. and Benda H.J., A History of Modern South Asia, 1968
™ G. P. Bhattacharjee, Southeast Asian Politics: Malaysia Indonesia:

™ Cady J.F., South-East Asia: Its Historical Development, 1964

™ ± A History of Modern Burma,
™ Christie Clive, A Modern History of Southeast Asia, 1996
™ R.E. Elson, The End of the Peasantry in South East Asia
™ Ghosh, Suchita, Thailand: Tryst with Modernity
™ Hall D.G.E., A History of South-East Asia, 1985
™ Historians of South East Asia

™ Kaul, Man Mohini, The Philippines and South East Asia, 1978
™ Legge John D., Indonesia, 1964
™ Leifer, Michael, The Foreign Relations of the New States:
™ Sardesai D.R., Vietnam: Trials and Tribulations of a Nation, 1988

™ Tarling Nicholas (ed), The Cambridge History of South-East Asia (2 vols), 1992
™ Tarling,Nicholas, A Concise History of South-East Asia, 1966
™ D.J.M. Tate, The Making of Modern Southeast Asia:
™ Tucker, Shelby, Burma: The Curse of Independence:
™ Wyatt, David, Studies in Thai History:
™ Wu Hua Yin, Class and Communalism in Malaysia

'6(6758&785($1'&5,6,6,1(852 ($1', /20$7,&$1'(&2120,& ,6725<

This course is meant to build on BA courses that deal with European diplomacy and
industrialization in the late 19th and early 20th century. It familiarizes the student with the main

40
features of international politics in a more detailed manner than at the BA, touching, for instance,
on the diplomatic means employed to contain the consequences of nationalist movements in
Central and South Western Europe before and after the First World War. It also deals with
,major trends in economics in Europe from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century. It concentrates
on the progressive industrialisation of continental economies and how these created the
dynamics of both national integration and then imperial expansion.. The course also shows how
Europe progressively lost its global economic preponderance in course of the Great War and the
inter-war era, and plots the responses of European powers to this problem, leading first to WWII
and then the economic regeneration of Europe in the post-war period.
1. Europe in 1870 ± Foundations of international relations among European states before
1871. The impact of the formation of new nation states. Limitations of the Bismarckian system:
nationalism as a force of change after 1871.
2. Industrialised Economy and its Challenges -- The trajectories of industrial
development in Europe ± the quest for sustained growth and the age of mass
consumption; the economics behind the politics of national integration and imperial
expansion

3. Colonialism, the Age of Empires and its Crisis ± Colonial Empires and Rivalries: Asia,
Africa and Europe ± the Division of Europe into two Armed Camps; Balkan Nationalism;
the Ottoman Empire in European politics; the Road to the First World War

4. The Great War and Decline of Europe ± The Impact of the Great War on Europe¶s role
in the world Economy; the costs of war; collapse and decline of multinational and
colonial empires;

5. The Inter-war Era ± challenges of rebuilding Europe and its economy: the Paris Peace
Settlement; the matter of Reparations and War Debt ± Locarno and the Rehabilitation of
Germany; Soviet approaches to international affairs and the Comintern; the Great
Depression ± Nazi Germany, Appeasement, and the Second World War

6. Salvaging Europe ± The Impact of WWII on Europe; the Fascist interpretation of a

united Europe; post 1945 state arrangements; Marshall Plan and the reconstruction of
Europe ± Decolonisation abroad and closer integration on the continent: Treaty of Rome
and the idea of Europe

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
™ Anne Applebaum, Iron Curtain: the Crushing of Eastern Europe (Penguin, 2012)
™ T.C.W. Blanning, the Oxford History of Modern Europe, (OUP, 2000)
™ E.J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Empire 1875-1914 (Vintage, 1989)
™ The Age of Extremes: a History of the World 1914-91 (Vintage 1996)
™ James Joll, Europe Since 1870.(Penguin 1990)

41
 ™ Paul Kennedy, Rise and Fall of Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict
from 1500 to 2000 (Vintage, 1989)
™ William Keylor, Twentieth Century World and Beyond: an International History Since
1900 (OUP, 2012).
™ Richard Overy, Andrew Wheatcroft, the Road to War, (Penguin 1999)
™ A.J.P. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: 1848-1914 (OUP, 1954)
R Origins of the Second World War (Penguin, 1991)


'6( 7 (0(6,1(852 ($1 ,6725<62&,(7<$1' 2/,7,&6

This course is linked to the course on ³Structures and Crisis in European Diplomacy and
Practice´. The course aims to introduce the student to major themes in European social and
political history from the mid-19th to mid-20th century. The two courses provide students with
details and perspectives that enable them to compare a non-Indian experience, that of Europe,
with developments in India that are dealt with in the first year of the MA. It also facilitates a
better understanding of two compulsory courses in the second year of the MA (Course V, which
touches on many components of European history in the 19th century, and Course VII, which
speaks inter alia of the Cold War and European integration). The course on ³Themes in
European History: Society and Politics´ explores social consequences of early industrialization
in Europe, before the First World War, and the political framework within which developments
took place.. Here, the course is a review and extension of work done at the BA level. The course
also introduces students to notions of ³public space´ and mass culture as they have been applied
to the history of 19th century Europe.. The course then goes on to show left-ward , and right-
wing shifts in politics and places the experience of WWII against this background. The course
ends with a sense of how Europe, divided among protagonists of the socialist and capitalist
models of development, was reconfigured in the period of the Cold War. The course mainly
deals with the major European states (Britain, France, Germany and Russia), but also refers to
other experiences (Italy, Spain, and the Baltic states in the case of nationalism and fascism, for
instance).
1. Europe in mid-19th century -- Rise of industrial societies; broadening of the social
basis of political power ± liberalism, constitutionalism, identity and the politics of
nationalism. Differences and similarities among European states.
2. Urbanization, the public space and the age of the masses in the late 19 th century ±
Undermining the traditional social order and the emerging politics of masses --
conservatism, liberal democracy and the increasing importance of ideas of social welfare;
the rise of labour, trade unionism, socialism and the challenge of social democracy. Case
studies of Britain, France and Germany.
3. Impact of the Great War on European society ± The experience of global war.
Militarism and the trench mentality. Consequences of the war. Decline of old ruling
classes and the position of the bourgeoisie; post war labour; the changing dynamics in

42
 the domestic space -the suffragette movement and the position of women.
4. The crisis of liberal democracy ± Trends in Russian politics and the Russian Revolution.
The October Revolution and the promise of socialism; the socialist challenge in Europe,
status anxiety of the middle class and the coming of Fascism; Europe's internal dynamics
on the road to WWII ± (Case studies ± Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, USSR)
5. World War II ± The impact of WWII and dislocation in European society; the Holocaust;
the nature of the ³Resistance´ and ³collaboration´.
6. The Division of Europe ± Iron curtain and the two Europes; the rise of the Welfare State
and life in the Communist bloc.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
™ Anne Applebaum, Iron Curtain: the Crushing of Eastern Europe (Penguin, 2012)
™ T.C.W. Blanning, the Oxford History of Modern Europe, (OUP, 2000)
™ E.J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Empire: 1875-1914 (Vintage, 1989)
R The Age of Extremes: a History of the World 1914-91 (Vintage 1996)
™ Dominic Lieven, (ed) the New Cambridge History of Russia: vol II Imperial Russia:
1689-1917, (Cambridge 2006)
™ Philip Morgan, Fascism in Europe: 1919-1945 (Routledge, 2003)
™ R.G. Suny (ed) the New Cambridge History of Russia: vol III The Twntieth Century,
(Cambridge 2006)
™ Philip Thody, Europe Since 1945 (Routledge, 2000)
™ Jay Winter, Antoine Prost, The Great War in History: Debates and Controversies, 1914
to the Present, (Cambridge, 2005)
™ Elizabeth Wiskemann, Europe of the Dictators, 1919-45, (Fontana, 1985)

'6(0$.,1*2)$&$3,7$/,67'(02&5$&<86$,17+(7+$1'7+&(1785,(6
1. From colony to nation state: Idea of American Revolution, emergence of a Federal
structure, expansion of nation state, formation of a national identity
2. Challenges to the nation state: Civil War and Reconstruction
3. New ideas of governance: From Progressivism to New Deal
4. Economy and the state: Drive towards industrialization, emergence of Big Capital,
commercial agriculture, Depression and its impact
5. Process of social transformation: Rights of the µBlacks¶, women¶s question, industrial
society and its members, agrarian communities, environmental issues, religion as a force
of social and political change.

Book List

1. Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution:

2. Bernard Bailyn and others, The Great Republic (2 Vols):
3. H. B. Parkes, The United States of America:

43
 4. Gabriel Kolko , Main Currents in American History:
5. R. P. Kaushik, Significant Themes in American History: ed.
6. The Rise of American Democracy: Sean Wilentz
7. Mark Smith, Debating Slavery:
8. Peter Kolchin, American Slavery:
9. Eric Foner, American Reconstruction:
10. Carolyn Calloway-Thomas and John Louis Lucaites ed. Martin Luther King Jr and the
Sermonic Power of Public Discourse
11. John Higham, Civil Rights and Social Wrongs:
12. Joshua Bloom, Black against Empire:
13. Jacqueline Jones, American Work:
14. Jacqueline Jones, A Social History of the Labouring Classes,
15. Melvyn Dubofsky, Hard Work:
16. Lawrence Goodwyn, The Populist Movement:
17. Lois Banner, Women in Modern America:
18. Eleanor Flexner, Century of Struggle:
19. Richard Rorty Achieving Our Country,
20. Seymour Martin Lipset, American Exceptionalism.

'6( )$6&,60,1,17(5 $5(8523(


1. What is Fascism?: Its defining features ± its geographic spread ± its critique of
democracy and socialism ± its affinity with nationalism ± its difference with merely
fascist tactics; the agenda of totalitarianism
2. The various ³faces´ of fascism: Fascists of Italy and Nazis of Germany; the French and
the Spanish cases; Central Europe; Britain.
3. The social constituency of fascism: the socio-economic context for the rise of fascism;
status anxiety of the European middle class; the Great War and its role in the formulation
of the fascist response; fascism as a response to the µweaknesses¶ of liberal democracy
4. Fascism in power:The Italian prototype ± the rise of fascism under Mussolini and µthe
march on Rome¶; the creation of a totalitarian state; fascist economic agenda; fascist
foreign policy
5. Fascism in power: The German model ± Hitler and the rise of the Nazi movement in
Germany; Nazi capture of power; Gleichschaltung; Nazi economic agenda; Nazi foreign
policy; the racial component of the Nazi movement and the holocaust
6. The Other µFascists¶ of Europe: ± Action Francaise and French Christian Syndicalism;
the British Union of Fascists; the Ustashe of Croatia
7. the Spanish Civil War

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

44
 ™ Paul Corner, Popular Opinion in Totalitarian Regimes: Fascism, Nazism and
Communism, (OUP, 2009).
™ Ernst Nolte, The Three Faces of Fascism: Action Francaise, Italian Fascism, National
Socialism, (R. Piper and Co, Munich, 1963)
™ Constantin Eurdachi (ed) Comparative Fascist Studies: New Perspectives, (Routledge,
2010)
™ Walter Laquer, Fascism: Past, Present and Future, (OUP, 1996).
™ Philip Morgan, Fascism in Europe 1919-1945, (Routledge, 2003).
™ John Pollard, The Vatican and Italian Fascism, 1929-32: A study in Conflict, (Cambridge
University Press, 1985).
™ Maria Sophia Quine, Italy¶s Social Revolution: Charity and Welfare from Liberalism to
Fascism, (Palgrave 1988).
™ Peter W Sugar, Native Fascism in the Successor States 1918-1945, (Santa Barbara, 1971)
™ Ian Kershaw, The Hitler Myth: Image and Reality in the Third Reich, (OUP 1988)
™ Alan Bullock, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, (Harper and Row, 1964)

'6( 585$/62&,$/+,6725<7+(&2/21,$/3(5,2',1,1',$

1. An overview of theoretical issues, concepts and approaches in studying rural social

history in India
2. Orientalism and the early colonial imagination of India¶s rural society²: The vision of
changelessness and its meanings: rural communities in historical enquiries.
3. Race and caste in colonial sociology: race theory, ethnology and colonial perception of
caste ± the µcastes and tribes in India and colonial administrative practice: the census and
its implications¶ ± Social formations in pre-colonial India: an overview ± social hierarchy
and caste system: varna and jati ± the jajmani system and its implications ± Ethnicity,
class and community ± Islamic societies in rural India ± agriculture and rural societies ±
village communities ± land and caste ± gender and land rights
4. Peasantry in colonial India: theories of peasant studies ± legislative interventions in rural
class relations ± commercialization, market and technological change ± Class
differentiation, peasant communities and rural inequalities the changing Indian village in
the 20th century ± peasant society in transformation.
5. Encounters with and resistance to colonial rule: the impact of new legal institutions and
jurisprudence ± crime and criminality in rural India ± peasant resistance ± reform and
social mobility ± Nineteenth century caste movements ± the regional dimensions.
6. Popular religion and culture ±cultural and religious syncretism ± writing the history of the
people ± folklore, literature and social history ± fairs and festivals
7. Environmentalism and the social history of rural India from ecological perspectives.

45
Select Readings:

™ Banerjee Sumanta, Logic in a Popular Form: Essays on Popular Religion in Bengal,

2010
™ Bhadra Gautam, Iman o Nishan: Banglar Krishak Chaitanyer Ek Adhyay, 1994.
™ Chaudhuri B.B., Peasant History of Late Pre-Colonial and Colonial India, 2008.
™ Dumont Louis, Homo Hierarchicus; The Caste System and its Interpretation, 1966.
™ Eaton Richard, Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1994
™ Grove Richard, Vinita Damodaran and Satpal Sangwan (eds.), Nature and the Orient:
The Environmental History of South and Southeast Asia, 1998.
™ Guha Ranajit, Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India, 1983.
™ Guha Sumit, Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1201-1991, 1999.
™ Hardiman, David, Histories for the Subordinated, 2006.
™ Hunter W.W., Annals of Rural Bengal, 1868.
™ Inden Ronald, Imagining India, 1990.
™ Ludden David, Peasant History in South India, 1985
™ Madan Vandana (ed), The Village in India, 2002.
™ Metcalf Thomas, Ideologies of the Raj, 1998 (reprint).
™ Redfield R., The Little Community and Peasant Society and Culture, 1955.
™ Scott James C., Weapons of the Weak. Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance, 1990.
™ Srinivas, M.N., The Dominant Caste and Other Essays, 1987.

'6( 7+(0(6,1$', $6,+,6725<,1&2/21,$/$1'3267&2/21,$/,1',$


Meanings, representations and categorisations ± sources of tribal history ±Adivasi voices in the
writing of tribal history
1. Social and economic transition under colonial rule
2. Political change and its implication on tribal history ± a study of tribal movements in
colonial India
3. Culture and religion: continuity and change
4. Gender issues in tribal history ± land rights ± witchcraft
5. Development, displacement, and migration
6. The Indigenous and Tribal People¶s Movement in Contemporary India

Select Readings:

™ Banerjee Prathama, Politics of Time. µPrimitives¶ and History-writing in a Colonial Society,

2006

46
™ Bodding P.O., L.O. Skrefsrud, Sten Konow, Traditions and Institutions of the Santals,1994
reprint)
™ Cederlöf Gunnel, Landscapes and the Law: Environmental Politics, Regional Histories and
Contests over Nature, 2008.
™ Dalton Edward Tuite, Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal, 1973.
™ Das Gupta Sanjukta, Adivasis and the Raj: Socio-economic Transition of the Hos, 2011
™ Devalle Susana B.C., Discourses of Ethnicity: Culture and Protest in Jharkhand, 1992.
™ Elwin Verrier, The Loss of Nerve: A Comparative Study of the Contact of Peoples in the
Aboriginal Areas of the Bastar State and the Central Provinces of India, 1941.
™ Karlsson B.G., Contested Belonging: An Indigenous People¶s Struggle for Forest and
Identity in Sub-Himalayan Bengal, 2000.
™ Nag Sajal, Pied Pipers in North-East India, Bamboo-Flowers, Rat-Famine and the Politics of
Philanthropy (1881-2007), 2008.
™ Padel Felix, Sacrifice of Human Being. British Rule and the Khonds of Orissa, 1995.
™ Pati Biswamoy (ed.), Adivasis in Colonial India: Survival, Resistance and Negotiation, 2010
™ Prasad Archana, Against Ecological Romanticism. Verrier Elwin and the Making of an Anti-
Modern Tribal Identity, 2003.
™ Radhakrishna Meena, Dishonoured by History. µCriminal Tribes¶ and British Colonial
Policy, 2001.
™ Ratnagar Shereen, The Other Indian: Essays on Pastoralists and Prehistoric Tribal People,
2004.
™ Rycroft Daniel J., Representing Rebellion: Visual Aspects of Counter Insurgency in Colonial
India, 2006.
™ Rycroft Daniel R. and Sangeeta Dasgupta (eds), The Politics of Belonging in India:
Becoming Adivasi, 2011.
™ Singh K.S., The Dust Storm and the Hanging Mist: A Study of Birsa Munda and his
Movement in Chota Nagpur, 1874-1901, 1966.
™ Sinha Shashank Sekhar, Restless Mothers and Turbulent Daughters: Situating Tribes in
Gender Studies, 2005.
™ Stocking George W. Jr., Victorian Anthropology, 1987.
™ Sundar Nandini, Subalterns and Sovereigns. An Anthropological History of Bastar, 1854-
1996, 1997

'6( 81'(567$1',1*/$ 285+,6725<$1' 25.,1*&/$6602 (0(176,1&2/21,$/,1',$

1) Labour Historiography in India

2) Pre-colonial labour- the domestic system and family labour- the artisans and the guild
system- the colonial transition- de-industrialisation and de-peseantisation

47
3) Industrialisation and the formation of a working class- the caste and community factors- with
special reference to Bombay Cotton textile industry, Bengal jute industry and Kolar gold
fields
4) Industrial labour and colonial state- the growth of labour movement in India- formation of
trade union- issue of leadership- labour and national movement
5) Women and labour- de-industrialisation and decline of women¶s traditional occupation-
modernization and marginalization of women in industries- migration, plantation labour and
the gender question- women in informal sector- sex workers

Select Readings:

™ Basu Deepika, The Working Class in Bengal: Formative Years, 1993

™ Basu Nirban, The Political Parties and labour Politics 1937-47, 1992
™ Chakraborty Dipesh, Rethinking Working Class History: Bengal 1890-1940,
1989
™ Chandravarkar R.S., The Origins of industrial Capitalism, Business Strategies
and the Working Classes in Bombay 1900-1940, 1994
™ Dasgupta Ranjit, Labour and Working Class in Easter India: Studies in Colonial
History, 1994
™ Morris M.D., The Emergence of an Industrial Labour Force in India: A Study Of
Bombay Cotton Mills 1854-1947, 1965
™ Nair Janaki, Miners and Millhands: Work, Culture and politics in Princely
Mysore, 1998
™ Sen Samita, Women and Labour in late Colonial India: the Bengal Jute Industry,
1999
™ Sen Sukomal, The Working Class of India: History of Emergence and
Movements in India 1885-1975., 1977
™ Sen Sunil Kumar, Working Class Movements in India, 1994

'6(7+(0(6,185 $1+,6725<2),1',$

1. Theories of urbanization and the writing of urban history: Social control and problems of
displacement: Urban history as social history/local history
2. A broad overview of pre-colonial urbanism in India: Varieties of urban formations:
Markets, towns and cities ± traders and artisans ± the ruling classes and urban life.
3. Eighteenth century transition and urban settlements in India: Studying the cities from
within - a few case studies of some of the major Indian cities of the time.
4. Colonial cities: Port towns, Railway towns and Industrial towns: Class structure and
social conflicts: Urban professions, the labouring men and the urban under class

48
 5. The colonial state and the urban space: Municipal Government and organizing the urban
space: Urban planning and the politics of displacement; urban policing and controlling
the µwicked city¶.
6. The city as a culture: Institutional foundations of urbanity: Cultural/literary perceptions
of urban life.
Select Readings:

™ Arnold David, Police, Power and Colonial Rule: Madras, 1859-1947

™ Ballhatchet Kenneth and Harrison John (eds.), The City in South Asia
™ Banerjee Sumanta, The Wicked City
™ Banga Indu (ed.), The City in Indian History
™ Bayly C. A., Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars
™ Blake Stephen, Shahjahanabad
™ Chaudhuri Sukanta (ed.), Calcutta, the Living City
™ Dobbin C., Urban Leadership in Western India
™ Dossal Mariam, Imperial Designs and Indian Realities: The Planning of Bombay City, 1845-
1875
™ Farooqi A., The Opium City: The Making of Early Colonial Bombay Sandria Freitag (ed.),
Culture and Power in Benaras
™ Gillion K., Ahmedabad: An Urban History
™ Gooptu Nandini, The Politics of the Urban Poor in Early Twentieth Century India
™ Gupta Narayani, Delhi between two Empire
™ Karim Abdul, Dacca, the Mughal Capital
™ Kidambi Prasant, The Making of an Indian Metropolis: Colonial Governance and Public
Culture in Bombay, 1890-1920
™ King Anthony D., Colonial Urban Development: Culture, Social Power and Environment
™ Kumar Ravinder (ed.),Essays in the Social History of India
™ Mukherjee S. N., Calcutta: Myth and History
™ Nair Janaki, The Promise of the Metropolis: Bangalore 20th Century
™ Oldenberg Veena Talwar, The Making of Colonial Lucknow
™ Ray Rajat, Urban Roots of Indian Nationalism
™ Sinha Pradip, Calcutta in Urban History

'6( +,6725,(62) 20(1$1'*(1'(5

1. Defining Women¶s History: Earlier writings/ New Histories: Its relationship with other
Histories/ Sources and Methods
2. Women¶s Movement in the Twentieth century in USA Britain and other countries.
Contribution of Women¶s Movement and Feminist Thought to the development of Women¶s
History

49
3. Trends in writing Women¶s History in the West : Few Case Studies
4. Gender in History :Examining Gender as a category of historical analysis.
5. Women/Gender History: Shift since 1990s: Questioning women as a universal category;
Women in conservative ideologies; Black and Third World Feminist History Writing:
Women¶s Biographies/Life Stories
6. Women / Gender history in India. Major historiographical trends ±Few case studies
illustrating
different trends : Methodologies and Sources
a) Social Reform, Education, Professions
b) Ideologies/Politics/Movements/Organisations
c) Representations/Literature/Art Forms
d) Biographies and Lives
7. Writing Women/Gender history in the era of globalization

Select Readings:

™ Bannerji Hasi, Sarojini Naidu- The Traditional Feminist, 1998

™ Basu, Aparna, Mridula Sarabhai : Rebel With A Cause, 1996
™ Bridenthal R., Koonz C., Stuard S. (ed), Becoming Visible: Women in European History
1987
™ Burton Antoinette, Burdens of History: British Feminists ,Indian Women and Imperial
Culture1865-1915,1994
™ Carroll Bernice, Liberating Women¶s History Urban, IL 1976
™ Chakrabarti, U., Rewriting History: The Life and Times of Pandita Ramabai, 1998
™ Chanana, K., Socialisation, Education and Women: Explorations in Gender Identity, 1988
™ Davis John, Hellen Keller (Rebel Lives Series)
™ Forbes, Geraldine, Women in Modern India The New Cambridge History of India, IV. 2 1996
™ Forbes Geraldine, Women in Colonial India : Essays on Politics, Medicine and
Historiography 2005
™ Gooptu, Suparna, Cornelia Sorabji: India¶s Pioneer Woman Lawyer: A Biography2006,2010
™ Gordon Felicia, The Integral Feminist Madeleine Pelletier, 1974-1939, 1990
™ Hasan, Mushirul Between Modernity and Nationalism: Halide Edipe¶s Encounter with
Gandhi¶s India,2010
™ Kumar Radha, The History of Doing:An Illustrated Account of Movements for Women¶s
Rightsand Feminism in India1800-1990, 1993
™ Krishnamurthy, J. ed., Women in Colonial India: Essays on Survival,Work and the State,
1989
™ Lerner Gerda The Creation of feminist Consciousness: From the middle ages to eighteen-
seventy1993

50
™ \Liddle, J. and Joshi, R., Daughters of Independence: Gender, Caste and Class in India
,1986\
™ Mohanty Talpade Chandra et al eds Third World and the Politics of Feminism ( Bloomington
1991)
™ O¶Hanlon, Rosalind, A Comparison between Women and Men: Tarabai Shinde and the
Critique of Gender Relations in Colonial India, 1994
™ Ray, Bharati, Early Feminists of Colonial India: Sarala Devi Chaudhurani and Rokeya
Sakhawat Hossain: 2002
™ Ray Bharati ed., Women in India: Colonial and Post Colonial Periods (Sage Publication,
2005)
™ Chaudhuri N. and Strobel, M., Western Women and Imperialism: Complicity and Resistance
(1992)
™ Sangari, Kumkum and Vaid, Sudesh eds.,,Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History
1989
™ Sarkar Sumit and Sarkar Tanika Women and Social Reform in Modern India Volume I and II,
2007
™ Sinha Mrinalini, Colonial Masculinity: The µManly¶ Englishman and the µEffeminate¶
Bengali in the late Nineteenth Century, 1995
™ Scott Joan Wallach, Gender and the Politics of History 1988

'6(  20(1,1 (1*$/,17+(1,1(7((17+$1'7 (17,(7+&(1785,(6

1. Women¶s position in the society in the early nineteenth century Bengal: An overview
2. Women¶s issues in the nineteenth century: Colonial and indigenous responses
3. Emergence of educated women and the processes of their identity formation during the
colonial period: Literature, performing arts, organizations, professional activities
4. Women of the periphery and their social, cultural and economic status in the colonial period
5. Women and politics in Bengal from late nineteenth to mid twentieth century
6. Women, partition and the problem of displacement and rehabilitation
7. Women in Bengal after 1947: Legal issues, socio-economic, political and cultural
developments

READING LIST

™ Amin, Sonia Nishat- The World of Muslim Women in Colonial Bengal 1876-1939
™ Bagchi, Jasodhara (ed.) - The Changing Status of women in West Bengal1970-2000:
The Challenge Ahead
™ Bagchi, Jasodhara and Dasgupta, Subharanjan (eds.)- The Trauma and the Triumph:
Gender and Partition in Eastern India
™ Borthwick, Meredith- The Changing Role of Women in Bengal1849-1905
™ Chakraborty, Usha ± Condition of Bengali Women Around the 2nd half of the
Nineteenth Century

51
 ™ Engels, Dagmar- Beyond Purdah? Women in Bengal 1890-1939
™ Karlekar,Malavika- Voices from Within: Early personal Narratives of Bengali
Women
™ Maitra, Amit- Rangalaye Banganati
™ Majumdar, Rochana- Marriage and Modernity: Family Values in Colonial Bengal
™ Murshid, Ghulam- Reluctant Debutante: Response of Bengali Women to
Modernization 1849-1905
™ Ray, Bharati(ed.)- From the Seams of History: Essays on Indian Women
™ Southard, Barbara- The Women¶s Movement and Colonial Politics in Bengal; The
Quest for Political Rights, Education and Social Reform Legislation1921-1936

'6( /$1*8$*( /,7(5$5<02 (0(176$1'32/,7,&65(*,21$/&$6(678',(6

1.The debate over literary cultures in history

2.The issues of literary historiography: different aspects of Indian literary historiography of
modern languages ± aspects of modern language literature: its origin and development,
protagonists and ideological orientation, politics and constraints.
3.Literary histories and meta-narratives: the debate over semantic systems ± explicating the
models of Jurij Lotman and Mikhail Bakhtin ± the importance of Roland Barthes and the
structure of myths
4.Literary history and nationalism ± the notion of an intimate relation between language and
nation ± Indian nationalism and literary histories
5.Beyond the nation ± a Comparatist¶s thoughts on some foundational categories in the histerary
historiography of South Asian literatures
6.Khari Boli literature in north India ± the emergence of Benaras as the centre of trade, the
popularity of Vaishnavism ±the patronage of Hindi ±Bharatendu Harishchandra and the debate
over Hindi ± the debate between the protagonists of Arya Bhasha and Braja Bhasa ±
introduction of the Nagri script and the conflict with Urdu ± the progressive Hindi literature on
the early decades of the 20th century
7.The world of Urdu literature ± dialogism in a medieval genre ± the case of Avadi epics,
Baramasas in Hindi and Urdu ± changing literary patterns in late 18th and early 19th century
north India ± Braj poets and Urdu litterateurs of the early 19th century ± the flow and decline of
Islan ± Altaf Hussain µHali¶ ± the lament for Delhi ± Shahab al-Din Ahmad µSaqib¶ and Hakim
Mohammed µAhsan¶ ± Quranic translation and the development of Urdu prose
8.The world of Tamil literature ± language and devotion ± Civilizing Tamil: the Classical
language ± Indianising Tamil, Dravidianising Tamil ± Tamil as Goddess and Mother ± the
battle against Hndi, the anti-Hindustani movement
9.Telugu resurgence in the 19th century ± C.P. Brown: Orientalism and Telugu identity ± C.P.
Brown and his interactions with the world of the Telugu mofussil

52
10. Private scholarship in Madras: towards reconstructing South Indian history and Telugu
literary knowledge ± constructive Christian literature in Telugu

Select Readings:

™ Ahmed Imtiaz & Upadhyay S. B., Dalit Assertions and Society, Literature and History, 2010
™ Chatterjee Suniti Kumar (ed.), The Cultural Heritage of India. Language and
Literatures,2007
™ Dalmia Vasudha, The Nationalisations of Hindu Traditions: Bharatendu Harish Chandra
and Nineteenth century Benaras,1997
™ Grierson G., The Modern Vernacular Literature of Hindustan 1889
™ Holquist Michael and Emerson Caryl, Speech, Genres and other Late Essays, 1986
™ Irschik Eugene F., Politics and Social Conflicts in South India; the non Brahman Movement
and Tamil Separatism,1969
™ King Christopher R., One Language, Two Scripts: the Hindi Movement in Nineteenth
Century North India, 1994
™ Lelyveld David, Aligarh¶s First Generaton: Muslim Solidarity in British India, 1978
™ Majeed Javed, Autobiography, Travel and Post-National Identity: Gandhi, Nehru and
Iqbal,2007
™ Nijhawan Sobha, Nationalism in the Vernacular: Hindi, Urdu and the Literature of Indian
Freedom, 2010
™ Orsini Francesca, The Hindu Public Sphere, 1920-1940: language and Literature in the Age
of Nationalism, 2002
™ Pollock Sheldon (ed.), Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia, 2006
™ Ramaswami Sumathi, Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891,
1970,
™ Simpson Andrew (ed.), Language and National Identity in Asia, 2007
™ Schmitthenner Peter I., Telugu Resurgence: C.P. Brown and the Cultural Consolidation in
Nineteenth Century South India, 2001
™ Viswanathan Gauri, Masks of Conquest: Literary Stady and British Rule in India, 1989

'6( )$0,/<$1'.,16+,3 0$55,$*($1'025$/65(*,21$/&$6(678',(6 


1. Joint family, patrilineal kin and the ideal of conjugality in the 19th century
2. Marriage as a mechanism of social reproduction: colonizing the family; kinship,
household and the State
3. Wifehood and concubinage in the zamindari families and landed groups
4. Reconstructing Dharmic conjugality in Bengal and Tamilnadu
5. The system of marriage: gotra, dhatu and kulinism in 19th century Bengal
6. Conjugality and capital : Defining women¶s rights to family property

53
 7. Marrying for love ± emotion and desire in women¶s print culture ± desire and pleasure in
marriage ±colonialism and familial imaginary
8. Educating wives in Bengal and Tamilnadu
9. Different forms of marriage in Bengal: notions of health and bodily fluids, the ideas of
sahajiya cults
10. Marriage, sexuality and the female ascetic: the understanding of different sects in
northern India
11. Women as tribute, women as flower: Images of µwoman¶ in weddings in north and south
India
12. Looking for brides and grooms: ghataks and the marriage market in colonial Calcutta.

Select Readings:

™ Agarwal Bina, A Field of One¶s Own: Gender and Law Rights in South Asia, 1994
™ Arunima G., There Comes Papa: Colonialism and Transformation of Matriliny in Kerala,
2003
™ Burton Antoinette, Dwelling in the Archive: Women Writing House, Home and History in
Late Colonial India, 2003
™ Chatterjee Indrani (ed.), Unfamiliar Relations: Family and History in South Asia, 2004
™ Engels Dagmar, Beyond Purdah? Women in Bengal, 1890-1930, 1996
™ Forbes Geraldine, Women in Modern India, 2005
™ Ghosh Durba, Sex and Family in Colonial India, 2006
™ Majumdar Rochona, Marriage and Modernity: Family Values in Colonial Bengal, 2009
™ Mills James H. and Sen Satadru, Confronting the Body: The Politics of Physicality in
Colonial and Postcolonial India, 2004
™ Mukherjee S.N., Calcutta: Essays in Urban History, 1993
™ Nicholas Ralph and Inden Ronald B., Kinship in Bengali Culture, 1977
™ Ostar A., The Play of Gods: Locality, Ideology, Structure and Time in the Festival of a
Bengali Town, 1980
™ Sangari Kumkum and Vaid Sudesh (eds.), Recasting Women: Essays in India¶s Colonial
History, 1990
™ Sarkar Tanika, Hindu Wife, Hindu Nation, 2003
™ Sreenivas Mytheli, Wives, Widows and Concubines: The Conjugal Family Ideal in Colonial
India, 2008
™ Walsh Judith, Domesticity in Colonial Bengal: What Women Learned When Men Gave them
Advice, 2004
™ Uberoi Patricia, Family, Kinship and Marriage in India, 1997
™ Vishwanathan Gauri, Outside the Fold: Conversion, Modernity and Belief, 1998

54
'6( +,6725<2)6&,(1&($1'7(&+12/2*<,102'(51,1',$

1. Approaches to the History of Science as Intellectual History and as Social History.

Methodological orientations in Social History of Science perspectives. SSK (Sociology of
Scientific Knowledge) and its variations- Constructivist approaches.
2. Interpreting the history of modern science in India ± early history of ³diffusion´ ± critique of
models of simple diffusion ± the emergence of the paradigm of colonial science
3. Science under the East India Company- early surveying operations, geological and botanical
investigations. Orientalist interventions
4. The early Indian response to western science ± from Rammohan Roy to Mahendralal Sircar ±
the colonial science policy and the emergence of a scientific community in the twentieth
century ± the careers of J.C. Bose, P.C. Ray and C.V. Raman
5. Science, Technology and the shifting imperatives of nationalist politics- Gandhi, Bose and
Nehru
6. Technology transfers under colonial rule ± social and political implications ± the case of the
cotton textile industry.
7. The politics of decolonization and the making of science policy under the independent Indian
state

Select Readings:

™ Adas Michael, Machines As the Measure of Men : Science, Technology and Ideologies of Dominance
™ Arnold David, Science Technology and Medicine in India
™ Anderson Robert. S., Building Scientific Institutions in India
™ Bandopadhyay Arun (ed), Science and Society in India 1750-2000
™ Dasgupta Subrata, Jagadis Bose and the Indian Response to Western Science
™ Kumar Deepak, Science and the Raj 1875-1908
™ Kumar Deepak (ed.), Science and Empire: Essays In Indian Context
™ Kumar Deepak (ed.), Technology and the Raj : Western Technology and Technology Transfer in
India (1700-1947).
™ Ray P.C., Life and Experiences of a Bengali Chemist
™ Vishvanathan Shiv, Organizing for Science: The beginnings of Industrial Research in India

'6( +,6725<2)7+((1 ,5210(17,102'(51,1',$

1. Approaches to environmental history ± history and man in nature and man¶s attitudes
towards nature ± anthropocentric and bio-centric orientation

55
2. India and the origins and modern environmentalism ± contributions and European science
and local knowledge systems for the preservation and environment ± Early history and
environment in India during the company¶s rule.
3. Colonial intervention and environment ± the early onslaught on forests ± the colonial forest
policy and the debate over it ± scientific forestry and changes in forest policy till 1947 ±
modern forestry and state-making in the regional ecological, social and cultural contexts ±
environmental resistance in colonial India.
4. µThe tragedy of the commons¶: competing claims over water resources, wet lands, grazing
and open spaces ± history and Common Property Resources (CPRs) both before and after
independence ± history and wild life conservation in India.
5. The environmental movements in post-colonial India ± Chipko, Tehri ± Garhwal and
Narmada Banchao Andolon ± the µprivate¶ and µpublic¶ face in the movements ± other protest
movements against pollution and modern industry ± relevance of issues related to equity and
ideology, including Gandhian ideology.
6. Indigenous knowledge systems, nature and societies ± nature-based activities and social
formations in modern India- tribal knowledge on the preservation and environment ±
relevance and indigenous knowledge and popular participation in the modern management
and environment in contemporary India.

Select Readings:

™ Arnold David and Guha Ramachandra, Nature, Culture, Imperialism, Essays on the
Environmental History in South Asia
™ Baviskar Amita, In the Belly of the River
™ Chaudhuri B.B. and Bandopadhyay A. (eds.), Tribes, Forest and Social Formation in Indian
History
™ Gadgil M. and Guha R., Ecology and Equity: the Use and Abuse of Nature in Contemporary
India
™ Gadgil M. and Guha R., This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India
™ Grove Richard, Green Imperialism
™ Rangarajan Mahesh, Fencing the Forests
™ Shiva Vandana, Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Survival in India
™ Sivaramakrishnan K., Modern Forests: Statemaking and Environmental Colonial Eastern
India
™ Vivian J.M. (ed.), Grassroots Environmental Action: People¶s Participation in Sustainable
Development

'6( +,6725<2)0(',&,1($1'38 /,&+($/7+,1&2/21,$/,1',$

1. Key concepts and methods in the history of medicine

56
2. A brief history of the development of Western medicine; medicine in pre-colonial India
3. Tropical hygiene and development of public health policy; epidemic and infectious diseases;
colonial policy and social response.
4. Medical pluralism; early encounter between Western medicine and indigenous medical
knowledge: position of indigenous medical knowledge; movement for revivalism in Ayurvedic
and Yunani medicine
5. Gender, identity and reproductive health in colonial India
6. Political, economic and social determinants of health; colonial and post-colonial India

Select Readings:

™ Arnold David, Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Diseases in Nineteenth
century India, 1993
™ Bala Poonam, Imperialism and Medicine in Bengal: A Socio-Historical Perspective, 1991
™ Bhattacharya Sanjoy, H. Cook, A. Hardy, Social Determinants of Health, 2010
™ Forbes Geraldine, Women in Colonial India: Essays on Politics, Medicine and
Historiography, 2005
™ Harrison Mark, Public Health in British India: Anglo Indian Preventive Medicine, 1859-
1914
™ Pati Biswamoy, Mark Harrison, Health, Medicine and Empire: Perspectives on Colonial
India, 2001
™ Porter Roy (ed.), The Cambridge History of Medicine, 2006
™ Radhika Ramasubban, Public health and Medical Research in India: their Origins and
Development under the Impact of British Colonial policy, 1982
™ Ray Kavita, History of Public Health Colonial Bengal 1921-1947, 1998
™ Wujastyk Dominik, Zysk Kenneth G, Indian Medical Tradition vols. 1-5, 2001

&2856( *$1'+, (<21'1$7,21$/,60

1. Gandhi in South Africa

2. Gandhi and Vegetarianism
3. Gandhi Ruskin Tolstoy and Hind Swaraj
4. Philosophy Economy and Practice of the Spinning Wheel
5.Gandhi : Social Themes /Family
6.Gandhi¶s Friends and Associates /Critics/ Self -Criticism
7.Gandhi and his Ashrams
8.Gandhi and Peace Movements
9.Music, Art /Cartoons , Films, Literature and Gandhi
10.Gandhi¶s Travels and Fasts

57
11. Gandhi and International Politics
12. Gandhi and Comparative Religion

Select Readings:
™ Brown Judith M. & Progesky Martin (ed.): Gandhi and South Africa Principles and Politics,
1996
™ Moses Achala Moulik: A Hundred years of lev Tolstery and the Indian Connection, 2010
New Delhi
™ Nanda B.R: Mahatma Gandhi A Biography, 1958 London
™ Roy Choudhury P.C.: Gandhi and His Contemporaries, 1972 New Delhi
™ Reddy E.S. & Terp Holger (ed.): Friends of Gandhi, 2006 Copenhagen
™ Swan Maureen: Gandhi The South African Experience , 1958 Tohannesburg
™ Thompson Mark: Gandhi and his Ashrams, 1993 Bombay
™ Venkataramani M.S. & Shrivastava B.K.: Roosevelt Gandhi Churchill: America and the last
Phase of India¶s Freedom Struggle, 1983 & 1997
™ Dalal C.B, Harilal Gandhi: A Life 2007
™ Uma, Dhupelia-Mesthrie Uma, Gandhi¶s Prisnor? The life of Gandhi¶s Son Manilal 2004
™ Parikh Neelumben , Mahatma Gandhi¶s lost Treasure : Harilal Gandhi
™ Chettiar A.K, In The Tracks of The Mahatma : The Making of a Documentary 2006
™ Herman Arthur, Gandhi and Churchill : The Epic Rivalry That Destroyed an Empire and
Forged Our Age. 2008
™ Chakrabarti Mohit, The Gandhian Philosophy of the Spinning Wheel 2000
™ Joshi Nandini, Economics of the Spinning Wheel: Development without Destruction 1992
™ Rao K.L. Seshagiri, Mahatma Gandhi and Comparitive Religion 1978 / 1990
™ Reddy E.S.& Gandhi Gopalkrishna (ed.), Gandhi and South Africa 1914-1948, 1993
™ Gandhi Rajmohan , Mohandas : A True Story of a Man, his people and an Empire 2006
™ Fisher Louis, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi
™ Munshi S.& Chakravarti S., Mahatma Gandhi in Murals, 2005 , Barracpore

'6( &$67(,1&2/21,$/,1',$,'(2/2*<$1'35$&7,&(

1. The meaning of caste : the different approaches to social hierarchy : the debate between
caste and jati : the theories and debates on caste in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
: the differences in the approaches of historians and sociologists in comprehending the
institution of castes from the point of view of enlightenment and modernity; the debate on
Homo Hierarchicus and differing ideas on purity and pollution as yardsticks of social
hierarchies.
2. The historical origins of a caste based society; the relevance of anthropological models;
understanding caste from the point of view of ordering of plurality; caste and the issue of
social exclusion in India : the colonial state and its emphasis on caste in creating a new

58
 set of distinctions in the rural society : nineteenth century Bhakti movements and the
challenge to the institution of caste.
3. The diversity of Orientalism and the complexity of the other : the interpretation of caste
in the official documents of the East India Company : caste and the later Victorian data
collectors : colonial ethnography and the debates between caste and race : the
occupational interpretation of caste
4. The Indian views or caste in the early colonial period : caste and the public arena : the
new visual interpretation of the nation : the nationalist critique of caste : caste
conferences and the issue of caste uplift : Hindu nationalists and the deification of caste :
Hindu modernizers and the reframing of jati and varna : the modern Hindu critique of
untouchability
5. The quotidian experience of caste in colonial India : the differing worlds of the upper
caste landlords and the rural agrestic serfs : upper caste identity Hindu Dharam and
agrarian conflict: µuntouchables¶ and resistance
6. The emergence of Gandhian nationalism and the issue of caste : the conflicts between
nationalism and the emerging non-brahmin movements : caste and the nationalist ideal :
the Gandhian programmes to eradicate untouchability : the politics of the depressed
classes : Ambedkar and the annhilation of caste
7. The tussle between the Congress and the radical depressed class political organizations :
the differences on the Poona Pact of 1932 : the elections of 1937 : the depressed classes
and the war aims of the British Government : the depressed classes and the issue of
representation in the Constituent Assembly.
8. Caste politics in the regions : Namasudra movement in Bengal, Adi Dravida movement in
Tamilnadu, Ad Dharm movement in Punjab and Adi Andhra movement.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

™ Bernard Cohn(ed.), An Anthropologist among the historians, New Delhi, 1987.

™ Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, Caste, protest and identity in colonial India. The
Namasudras of Bengal, 1872-1937, Richmond, 1997.
™ Peter Robb(ed.), The concept of race in South Asia, Delhi, 1995.
™ K.L. Sharma, Caste and class in India Jaipur and New Delhi, 1994.
™ D. B. McGilvray (ed.) Caste Ideology and Interaction, Cambridge, 1982.
™ Rajni Kothari (ed.) Caste in Indian Politics, New Delhi, 1970.
™ Richard Sisson and Stanley Wolpert (eds.) Congress and Indian Nationalism : The pre
Independence phase, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1988.
™ Ghan Shyam Shah, Social Movements in India : A Review of Literature, New Delhi,
London, 1990.
™ H. Kotani (ed.) Caste system untouchability and the depressed, New Delhi, 1997.
™ D. Haynes and G Prakash (eds.) Contesting Power, Resistance and everyday social
relations in South Asia, Berkeley, 1991.

59
 ™ M.N. Srinivas (ed.) Caste. Its twentieth century Avatar, New Delhi, 1996
™ Morton Klass, Caste. The emergence of the south Asian social systems, Philadelphia,
1980.
™ Gail Omvedt, Dalits and the Democratic Revolution. Dr. Ambedkar and the Dalit
Movement in Colonial India.
™ James Massey, Dalits in India, Delhi, 1995.
™ J. Michael Mahar (ed.) The untouchables in Contemporary India, Tucson, 1972.
™ Christophe Jaffrelot, India¶s Silent Revolution : The Rise of the Low Castes in North
Indian Politics, Permanent Black, Delhi, 2003.


'6( 1$7,21$/,60$1'&8/785(,102'(51,1',$

1. Nation and Region in Indian History: the Nationalist Public sphere, social
communications and imagining the µNation¶ in the nineteenth century.
2. Language movements, literary culture and the cultural politics of Nationalism-
Intellectuals between Nation and Region
3. Nationalism, Historical consciousness and Sociological imagination ± History and
Archaeology ± Colonial sociology and the nationalist counterpoints.
4. Art and Nationalism: Institutions of Art ± the Museum movement in colonial India.
5. Nationalism and Scientific culture in early twentieth century India-Scientists in search of
an µIndian Science¶.
6. Nationalism in Theatre, Cinema and Music ± the Radio ± The Sporting culture and
Nationalism.

Select Readings:

™ Anderson Benedict, The Imagined Communities

™ Basham A.L. (ed.), A Cultural History of India
™ Bose Sugato, A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire
™ Bayly Susan, Caste, Society and Politics in India from the EighteenthCentury to the Modern
Age
™ Brecekenridge Carol. A. & Der Veer Peter Van (eds.), Orientalism and the Post Colonial
Predicament
™ Dalmia Vasudha, The Nationalizations of Hindu Traditions: Bharatendu Harishchandra and
Nineteenth Century Benaras
™ Dasgupta Uma, Rise of an Indian public: Impact of Official Policy, 1870-1880
™ Guha Ranajit, An Indian Historiography of India: A Nineteenth Century Agenda and its
implications
™ Gupta Parthasarathi, The Radio and the Raj

60
™ Inden Ronald, Imagining India
™ Kumar Deepak, Science and the Raj
™ Kopf David, British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance: The Dynamics of Indian
Modernization, 1773²1835
™ Majeed Javed, Ungoverned Imaginings: James Mill¶s The History of British India and
Orientalism
™ Mitter Partha Art And Nationalism in Colonial India, 1850-1922
™ Said Edward, Orientalism
™ Sarkar Sumit, Writing Social History
™ Thakurta Tapati Guha, Monuments, Objects, Histories: Institutions of Art in Colonial and
Post-Colonial India
™ Thakurta Tapati Guha, The Making of a new µIndian¶ art: Artists, Aesthetics and Nationalism
in Bengal, 1850-1920


'6(32/,7,&6$1','(2/2*<,102'(51 (1*$/

1. State and political ideology in early colonial Bengal
2. Emergence of modern politics ± associations and organized politics; early Congress and
Bengal ± ideology and practice
3. Political ideology of Extremism ± Boycott and Swadeshi
4. Ethics and Politics ± Satyagraha in Bengal, khadi and constructive programme; Bengal
Gandhians
5. Nationalist politics and Bengal Congress; leadership and patterns of mobilization
6. Class, caste and community identities in politics ± colonial and postcolonial Bengal
7. Nation and State; the Indian nation and political reconstruction in West Bengal

Select Readings:

™ Ahmed R., The Bengal Muslims 1871-1906: A Quest for Identity

™ Bandyopadhyay Sekhar, Caste Politics and the Raj: Bengal 1872-1939, 1990
™ Bose Sugato, Agrarian Bengal: Economy, Social Structure and Politics, 1986
™ Broomfield J.H, Elite Conflict in Plural Society: Twentieth Century Bengal, 1968
™ Chakrabarty Dipesh, Rethinking Working Class History: Bengal 1890-1940, 1989
™ Chatterji Joya, Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition 1932-1947, 1995
™ Chatterji Joya, The Spoils of Partition: Bengal and India 1947-1967, 2007
™ Chatterjee Partha, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse,
1986
™ Chatterjee Partha, The Nation and its Fragments: Colonial and Post Colonial Histories,
1993

61
 ™ Guha Ranajit (ed.), Subaltern Studies, Volumes 1-4 ( relevant articles on Bengal)
™ Kaviraj Sudipta, The Unhappy Consciousness: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and the
formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, 1995
™ Marshall P.J., Bengal: The British Bridgehead. Eastern India 1740-1828
™ Metcalf Thomas R., Ideologies of the Raj, 1994
™ Prayer Mario, The µGandhians¶ of Bengal: Nationalsim, Social Reconstruction and
Cultural Orientations, 1920-1942
™ Ray Rajat K., Social Conflict and Political Unrest in Bengal 1875-1927, 1984
™ Raychaudhuri Tapan, Europe Reconsidered: Perceptions of the West in Nineteenth
Century Bengal, 1989
™ Ramagundam Rahul, Gandhi¶s Khadi: A History of Contention and Conciliation, 2008
™ Sarkar Sumit, The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal 1903-1908, 1973
™ Sarkar Tanika, Bengal, 1928-1934: The Politics of Protest, 1987
™ Seal Anil, The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the
Later Nineteenth century in India, 1968
™ Sinha Narendra Krishna (ed.), History of Bengal 1757-1905
™ Tripathi Amales, The Extremist Challenge, 1967


'6(5( 2/87,21$5<,'(2/2*,(6,102'(51 (1*$/

1. Revolutionary ideologies: The national and international context.
2. Bengali thinkers of revolutionary nationalism:
a) Bankimchandra and militant nationalism.
b) Vivekananda and romantic nationalism.
c) Aurobindo and mystical nationalism.
d) Rabindranath ± the critique of revolutionary nationalism.
3. Inserting violence into the political culture of Bengal ± the legitimization of violence in
revolutionary propaganda.
4. Left wing influences on revolutionary nationalism.
5. The reaction of the colonial state : the contradictions of liberal imperialism.
6. Revolutionary ideology in Bengal.

Select Readings:

™ Bandopadhay Sandip, Agnijuger Banglay Biplobimanosh., 1993

™ Billington James H., Fire in the Minds of Men; Origins of the Revolutionary Faith., 1980
™ Guha Arun Chandra, First Spark of Revolution: The Early Phase of India¶s Struggle for
Independence., 1971
™ Laqueur Walter, Terrorism., 1980

62
™ Majumdar R.C., History of Modern Bengal, Part II., 1981
™ Mukherji Uma and Haridas, Bharater Swadhinata Andolone Jugantar Patrikar Dan., (2d ed.
1993)
™ Nandy Ashis, The Intimate Enemy. Loss and Recovery of self Under Colonialism., 1983
™ Nandy Ashis, Illegitimacy of Nationalism., 1984
™ Riches David (ed.), The Anthropology of Violence., 1986
™ Sarkar Sumit, The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal., (New edition 2010)
™ Readings on Vivekananda, Aurobindo, Bankimchandra, Rabindranath Tagore.
™ Memoirs of Revolutionaries.

'6(,'(2/2*< 0$66&8/785($1'62&,$/75$16)250$7,21,17+(02'(51 25/'7+(&$6(

678'<2)62 ,(75866,$

1. Timeline. The chronology of Soviet History. From Revolution to the Khruschev era..
2. The origins of Bolshevik Ideology. 19th century Marxism in Russia and the divided
nature of Russian Social Democracy. The making of Leninism before 1914.
3. The nature of the Russian Revolution and the basis of the Bolshevik state. The February
and October Revolutions. The elections for the Constituent Assembly. The nature of
Soviet democracy.
4. The transformation of Soviet Communism in the 1920s and 1930s. One Party Rule under
Lenin and Stalin. The Soviet Party and other institutions in the post revolutionary period.
The cult of personality and the limits of inner party democracy under Stalin.
5. The impact of ideology. The economy from War Communism to the Third Plan.
Collectvism under War Communism. The retreat of the New Economic Policy and
Soviet commercialization in the 20s. State Capitalism in the 1930s.
6. The impact of ideology. The rise of mass culture. The new urban habitat. State
controlled cinema, literature and popular culture.
7. The phenomenon of Stalinism. The impact of Collectivization. The impact of the
Purges. The impact of the Second World War. The critique of Stalinism under
Khruschev.
8. Red Star over Asia. The example of Bolshevik state formation and social transformation
in Central Asia in the 1920s and 1930s.

Select Readings:
™ Carr E.H., The History of Soviet Russia
™ The Bolshevik Revolution, (3 Vols.)
™ The Interregnum, Socialism in One Country (3 Vols.)
™ Foundations of the Planned Economy (3 Vols.)
™ Davies R.W., The Industrialization of Soviet Russia (Vols 1 and 2)

63
™ Deutscher Isaac , Stalin
™ The Prophet Armed
™ The Prophet Outcast
™ The Unfinished Revolution
™ Ferro Marc, October, Birth of Society.
™ Ferro Mare, The February Revolution
™ Fitzpatrick S., Stalin¶s Peasants
™ Hessler J., A Social History of Soviet Trade
™ Lang D., The Modem History of Georgia.
™ Martin T., The Affirmative Action Empire
™ Manning R.T. & Getty J. Arch (ed.), Stalinist Terror
™ Nove A., An Economic History of USSR.
™ Olcott M.B., The Kazakhs
™ Soucek Svat , The History of Inner Asia
™ Stites R., Russian Popular Culture
™ Suny R., Cambridge History of Russia Vol.3
™ Volkogonov D, Stalin
™ Wheeler G., The Modem History of Soviet Central Asia.

'6( '(&2/21,6$7,21 '( (/230(17$1'1$7,21 8,/',1*,17+('( (/23,1* 25/'

1. Brief survey of traditional theories on decolonisation.

2. Neocolonialism and its manifestation
3. Issues related to intervention, development and nation building in the post Cold War period.
4. Creation of global assemblage of patterns of governance.
5. Linkages between development and security.
6. Case studies of state building projects in conflict zones: Iraq, Afghanistan and Sudan.

Select Readings:

™ Duffield Mark, Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and
Security
™ Fanon Frantz, The Wretched of the Earth
™ Nkrumah Kwame, Neocolonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism
™ Rodney Walter, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
™ Strang David, µGlobal Patterns of Decolonization, 1500-1987,¶ International Studies
Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 4, (Dec., 1991), pp. 429-454

64
'6(67$7($1')25(,*132/,&<,1,1'(3(1'(17,1',$

1. Factors influencing India¶s foreign policy making.

2. India and the Third World:
(a) NAM
(b) South-South Cooperation.
3. India in South Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.
4. India and the Great Powers:
1. The U.S.A.
2. Soviet Union (Russia)
3. China.
5. Post Cold War trends in Indian foreign policy making:
(a) Globalisation
(b) Economic Diplomacy
(c) µLook East Policy¶
6. Institutionalising co-operation in South Asia: the case of SAARC.
7. Nuclear Policy and weaponisation: its impact.

Select Readings:
™ Appadorai A., Domestic Roots of India¶s Foreign Policy 1947-1972
™ Bajpai U.S. (ed.), Indian Foreign Policy: The Indira Gandhi Years
™ Bandyopadhyay Jayantanuja, The Making of Indian Foreign Policy
™ Bidwai Praful & Vanaik Achin, South Asia on a short fuse: Nuclear politics and the future of
Global Disarmament
™ Damodaran A K & Das Devendra Kumar (ed.), SAARC Regional Cooperation and
Development Perspectives, Problems, Policies
™ Gonsalves E. & Gordon Sandy, India¶s Rise to Power
™ Grover Verinder (ed.), International Relations and Foreign Policy of India
™ Racioppi Linda, Soviet Policy Towards South Asia since 1970
™ Ramakant (ed.), South Asia: Some Reflections


'6( +,6725<$1'+,6725,&$/),/06

This course aims at using historical films from the world over to look into the historicity of the
events depicted. Unlike any course from the discipline of area studies, this course aims at
recovering the historical µtruth¶ behind the reel version. The course would also aim at
understanding the politics behind the particular version of events depicted in the films under
scrutiny.

65
The course aims at screening of three to four films in course of a semester, and then discussing
its historical background for about a month each. The films in each semester would be chosen in
accordance with a particular theme or subject decided upon at the beginning of the semester in
consultation with the students.
The course does not aim simply to train them in any particular historical theme. It aims instead to
train the students in a particular methodology for studying history, viz. how to deconstruct
information packed into secondary and other derivative sources, by studying about the
µhistorical¶ context of the events depicted.
1. What is a historical film? ± the reel and the real; the question of perspective; the issue of
time
2. Films and the burden of the µtruth¶ ± what is ³historical truth´? How to recover it?
3. Expectations of film-makers ± the issue of details in a period piece; creative
interpretation;
4. The Question of politics ± the politics behind history-writing; the politics of film-making

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Marcia Landy, The Historical Film: History and Memory in Media (Rutgers, 2000).
2. Jonathan Stubbs, Historical Film: A Critical Introduction, (Bloomsbury, 2013).
3. James Chapman, Past and Present: National Identity and British Historical Film (I.B.
Tauris, 2005)
4. Leger Grindon, Shadows on the Past: Studies in the Historical Fiction Film, (Temple
University Press, 1994)
5. Robert A Rosenstone, Constantin Parvulescu, A Companion to the Historical Film
6. M. Madhava Prasad, Ideology of the Hindi Film: A Historical Introduction, (OUP, 1998).
7. Tom Symmons, The New Hollywood Historical Film 1967-78, (Palgrave Macmillan,
2016)
8. Bruno Ramirez, Inside the Historical Films, (McGill¶s University Press, 2014).

DSE 46: &20081,60,1,1',$,17+( &(1785<

7+

1. Intellectual origins of communism in India: Indigenous roots and influence of foreign

ideas
2. Birth and growth of the Communist Party of India: µTwice Born¶ party, µChallenge from
the Dock¶, approach to colonial question, nationalist struggle and the partition of India
3. Communism and nation-state: µYeh azadi jhuta hai¶, the communists in constitutional
experiments both as opposition parties and as ruling groups, crisis within communism ±
splits of the Communist Party, radical challenge to constitutional communism

66
 4. Formation of µclass¶ politics: Mobilization among peasants, labours, students, women and
others
5. Regional variations of Indian communism
6. Communist Party and the other Left
7. Communism in India ± A comparison with non-Indian experiences: Latin America, South
East Asia, Africa, Euro-communism
8. Some Communist thinkers: Singaravelu Chettiyar, M.N. Roy, S.N. Tagore, S.A. Dange,
B.T. Ranadive, E.M.S. Namboodiripad, Mohit Sen, Sibdas Ghosh, Charu Mazumdar,
Kanu Sanyal, etc.
9. Writing history of communism in India

Book List
™ Gene D. Overstreet and Marshall Windmiller, Communism in India:
™ Satyabrata Raichowdhuri, Leftist Movements in India 1917-1947:
™ Sashi Joshi, Bhagwan Josh, Struggle for Hegemony in India 1920-47 (3 Vols):
™ M. A. Persits, Revolutionaries of India in Soviet Russia:
™ Sobhanlal Dattagupta, Comintern and the Destiny of Communism in India:
™ ed. Bipan Chandra, The Indian Left ± Critical Appraisals:
™ Bhavani Sengupta, Communism in Indian Politics:
™ T.R. Sharma, Communism in India: The Politics of Fragmentation:
™ MohanRam, Indian Communism: Split within a Split:
™ Mohan Ram, Maoism in India:
™ Marius Damas, Approaching Naxalbari:
™ Rabindra Ray, The Naxalites and their Ideology:
™ David Laushey, Bengal Terrorism and the Marxist Left:
™ Marcus Franda, Radical Politics in West Bengal:
™ Ross Mallick, Indian Communism:
™ T. J. Nossiter, Marxist State Governments in India ± Politics, Economics and Society:
™ Pradip Basu, The Communist Movement in Tripura:
™ Harihar Bhattacharya, Communism in Tripura:
™ T.J. Nossiter, Communism in Kerala:
™ Ajeet Javed, Left Politics in Punjab 1935-1947:
™ Bhagwan Josh, Communist Movement in Punjab 1926-1947
™ Gurharpal Singh, Communism in Punjab: A Study of the Movement up to 1967:
™ Usha Jha, Land, Labour and Power: Agrarian Crisis and the State in Bihar1937-1952:
™ Ajay Kumar Singh, Naxalism in Bihar:
™ Devi Chatterjee, Marxist Thought in India:

DSC 47: 0,*5$7,21$1'3238/$7,2102 (0(176,1&217(0325$5< 25/'

Unit1: Defining diaspora and categorisations

67
Unit2: Diaspora in the post Second World period
Unit3: The spreading of the Indian diaspora- a brief survey

Essential reading
x Hugh Tinker, A New System of Slavery: The Export of Indian Labour Overseas (1830-
1950, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1974
x Laxmi Narayan Kadekar, et al. The India Diaspora: Historical and Contemporary
context, New Delhi, Rawat Publication.2009
x N. Jayaram, The Indian Diaspora: The Dynamics of Migration, Sage 2004
x Robin Cohen, Global Diaspora: An Introduction, Routledge, 2008


'6(  20(1$1'/$ ,102'(51,1',$

1. Women and Law in pre-colonial India: Major schools of interpretation and its social
implications
2. Introduction of colonial legal ideas and institutions and reframing of personal laws of the
indigenous communities²Social, cultural and political debates
3. Colonial and indigenous programmes of legal reforms for women²Some case studies
4. Women and law in post independence period²The debate over Hindu Code Bill
5. The issue of the Uniform Civil Code²Response of the state, society and women¶s
organizations²The Shah Bano Case
6. Protective laws for women within domestic sphere and outside in the 1980s and 90s
7. General Observations on women¶s legal rights in contemporary India

READING LISTS

™ Agnes, Flavia(intro.)Women and Law in India: An Omnibus

™ Kapur, Ratna and Cossman, Brenda, Subversive Sites: Feminist Engagements with Law in
India
™ Minault, Gail(ed.)The Extended Family
™ Nair,Janaki, Women and Law in Colonial India: A Social History
™ Parashar, Archana, Women and Family Law Reform in India
™ Sangari,Kumkum and Vaid,Sudesh(eds.) Recasting Women: essays in Colonial History
™ Sinha,Chitra, Debating Patriarchy: The Hindu Code Bill Controversy in India(1941-
1956)
™ Sunder Rajan, Rajeswari, The Scandal of the State: Women,Law and Citizenship in Post
colonial India

68
 ™ Williams,Rina Verma,Post Colonial Politics and Personal Laws: Colonial Legal
Legacies and the Indian State



'6((&2120,&+,6725<2) (1*$/   

1. The pre-colonial economic heritage: An examination of the nature of pre-Plassey

economy of Bengal.
2. The nature of imperial impact- an analysis of the different aspects of the implications of
the colonial rule for Bengal¶s economy and society ± the nature of the Company¶s
intrusion into the domain of internal and international trade, with special reference to
control over production and organization of salt, cotton textiles and silk ± the new
experiments of the Company in the monetary and banking systems till the end of the
eighteenth century.
3. Changes in the agrarian economy of Bengal till the end of the eighteenth century: (a)
Maximization of land revenue: adaptation to the existing agrarian institutions or their
substantial restructuring? (b) Behaviour of the agricultural sectors of the economy before
and after the Famine of 1770 (c) the Famine and its aftermath: Agrarian Distress and
Desertion in Bengal for three decades after 1770 (d) Towards a Permanent Settlement of
land revenue and the innovations in the related institutions.
4. The changing shape of the colonial polity and economy in Bengal in the nineteenth
century:
i. Background of the Company¶s monopoly in retreat and its final
withdrawal- the continuance of internal monopoly (over salt and opium) -
the rise and fall of the European Agency Houses ± the rise and growth of
European banking.
ii. The Permanent Settlement at work: (i) changes in land market and the
changing composition of the landed society (ii) trends in agriculture (iii)
the movement of rent (iv) stratification in the peasant society:
developments from the Rent Act of 1859 to the Bengal Tenancy
Legislation of 1885.
iii. The role of the state in the rural power relationships- Zamindars and
Jotedars- Peasantry and the market: motivations and implications of
commercialization of agriculture.
iv. The rise of the new indigenous enterprises: a case study of Indo-British
collaboration ± rise and growth of Calcutta and its satellite towns- the
structure of modern industry- colonial domination and indigenous capital.
5. The changing shape of the polity and economy in Bengal in the twentieth century:
a) Agrarian Reforms: Land Legislations: Floud Commission to Operation Barga; agrarian
impasse; Food crisis.

69
 b) Industrial Sector: Decline of British capital and emergence of Indigenous capital;
Freight equalization; flight of capital.

Select Readings:

™ Bose Sugato, Peasant Labour and Colonial Capital: Rural Bengal since 1770
™ Bayly C.A., Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire
™ Boyce JK, Agrarian Impasse in Bengal: Institutional Constraints to Technological Change.
OUP, 1987
™ Chowdhury B.B., The Growth of Commercial Agriculture in Bengal, 1757-1900
™ Omkar Goswami, Industry, Trade and Peasant Society:The Jute Economy of Eastern India,
1900-1947
™ Guha Ranajit, A Rule of Property for Bengal
™ Hossain Hameeda, The Company Weavers of Bengal
™ Kumar Dharma (ed.), Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. 2
™ Marshall P.J., Bengal: the British Bridgehead
™ Prakash Om, The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal
™ Ray Ratnalekha, Change in Bengal Agrarian Society
™ Rogally Ben, Barbara Harris-White and Sugata Bose (eds.) Sonar Bangla? Agricultural
Growth and Agrarian Change in West Bengal and Bangadesh.
™ Tripathi Amales, Trade and Finance in the Bengal Presidency

'6(  $5$1'&21)/,&76,1+80$1+,6725<

Unit 1: Diagnosing the causes of war

Unit 2: Shaping of history through war and conflicts: some case studies
Unit 3: Old wars and new wars: the changing nature of war and conflicts
Unit4: Post modern conflicts-a brief survey

Essential reading:

x Carl von Clausewitz, On War

x Geoffrey Blainey, The Causes of War (New York, N.Y.: The Free Press, 1973)
x John Keegan, A History of Warfare, Pimlico, 2004
x Mary Kaldor, New and Old wars, Stanford University Press, 2007
x Michael Howard, The Causes of War Harvard University Press; 2 edition (1 January 1984)
x Michael Howard, War in European History, OUP, 1976

70
 x Ranabir Chakravarti ; foreword by B.N. Mukherjee, Warfare for wealth : early Indian
perspective, Calcutta : Firma KLM, 1986
x Stephen Van Evera, Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict (Ithaca, NY: Cornell
University Press, 1999)
x Sun Tzu, The Art of War
x Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War, Penguin Classics, 2000.


'6( ('8&$7,21 0(',$$1'&8/785(,17 (17,(7+&(1785< (1*$/

1. EDUCATION± GROWTH OF UNIVERSITIES ±THE AGE OF CURZON 1899-1905,- education and
the nationalist response ± indigenous experiments: the National Council of Education ±
Viswa Bharati
2. Nationalism and Press 1920 ± 1947
3. Theatre: Performance and protest ± Girish Chandra Ghosh - the Indian People¶s Theatre
Association.
4. Cinema: The early history of cinema in Calcutta ± Silent to Talkies -nationalism and
cinema.

Select Readings:
™ Acharya Nirmalya & Palit Dibyendu (eds.), Satabarshe Chalachittra, Vol. 2: Itihas O
Bibartan. (In Bengali), 1998
™ Banerjee Sumanta, The Parlour and the Streets : Elite and Popular Culture in Nineteenth
Century Calcutta., 1998
™ Basu Aparna, The Growth of Education and Political Development in India, 1974
™ Basu A.N., Education in modern India. Calcutta :1947
™ Bayly C.A., Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication
in India, 1780-1870., 1999
™ Bhatia Nandi, Acts of Authority/ Acts of Resistance: Theatre and Politics in Colonial and
Post-colonial India, 2004
™ Broomfield J.H, Elite Conflict in a Plural Society: Twentieth Century Bengal, 1968
™ Chakraborty Rachana, Higher education in Bengal 1919- 1947: A study of its
administration and Management. 1997
™ Dasgupta Uma , The Rise of an Indian Public. : Impact of Official Policy, 1870-1880.
Rddhi, 1977
™ Ghosh, S.C, The history of education in modern India 1757-2012, 2009

71
 ™ Gooptu, Sharmistha, Bengali Cinema: 'an Other Nation'. Routledge, 2011
™ Kaul Chandrika, Reporting the Raj: The British Press and India, C.1880-1922 , 2003
™ Lal Ananda (ed.), The Oxford Companion of Indian Theatre, 2004
™ Mukherjee Sushil Kumar, The Story of the Calcutta Theatres 1753- 1980, 1982
™ Singh Lata (ed.), Theatre in Colonial India: Playhouse of Power, 2009
™ Vasudevan Ravi S., Making Meaning in Indian Cinema, 2000
™ Viswanathan Gauri, Masks of Conquest: Literary Study and British Rule in India, 1990
™ Zastoupil Lynn and Moir Martin ed.,The great Indian Education Debate.1999


Generic Courses

*& +,6725<2)7+($75($1'&,1(0$,1&2/21,$/ (1*$/   


1. The Theatre: the initiation of the Proscenium theatre (1795-1870¶s) ± Gerasim
Stephanovich Lebedeff- Staging the native: Babu Nabin Chandra Basu ± Michael
Madhusudan Dutta- Dinabandhu Mitra - Censorship and the politics of Nationalist
Drama.

2. Theatre: Performance and protest ± Girish Chandra Ghosh - the Indian People¶s Theatre
Association.
3. Cinema: The early history of cinema in Calcutta ± Silent to Talkies
4. The New Theatres - nationalism and cinema.

Select Readings:
™ Acharya Nirmalya & Palit Dibyendu (eds.), Satabarshe Chalachittra, Vol. 2:
Itihas O Bibartan. (In Bengali), 1998
™ Banerjee Sumanta, The Parlour and the Streets : Elite and Popular Culture in
Nineteenth Century Calcutta., 1998
™ Bhatia Nandi, Acts of Authority/ Acts of Resistance: Theatre and Politics in
Colonial and Post-colonial India, 2004
™ Chatterjee Sudipto, The Colonial Staged: Theatre In Colonial Calcutta Calcutta:
Seagull Books, 2007
™ Gooptu, Sharmistha, Bengali Cinema: 'an Other Nation'. Routledge, 2011
™ Lal Ananda (ed.), The Oxford Companion of Indian Theatre, 2004
™ Mukherjee Sushil Kumar, The Story of the Calcutta Theatres 1753- 1980, 1982
™ Singh Lata (ed.), Theatre in Colonial India: Playhouse of Power, 2009
™ Vasudevan Ravi S., Making Meaning in Indian Cinema, 2000

72
 ¾ Āđč ăĔĒĊĂ, ąǩĉǩćǹ í ąđáĊđ Ăđùï ( Ħć í ħĠ ðȉ) ïĊïđþđ: ĦĨĮĭ
*&0
0<67,&$/02 (0(176,10(',( $/,1',$

1) Bhakti Movement in South India

2) Bhakti Movement in North India (i) Historical Background, (ii) Salient Features (with
reference to Kabir, Chaitanya, Nanak and Tulsidas)
3) Sufism: A Historiographical Survey
4) Salient Features of Sufism with reference to Heterogeneity
5) Contributions of Sufism
6) Bhakti-Sufi Interaction
7) Ritual Dynamics of Sufism
Selected Reading List
™ Richard M Eaton, Sufis of Bijapur
™ Satish Chandra, Historiography, Religion and State in Medieval India
™ SAA Rizvi, A History of Sufism in India (2 vols)
™ Krishna Sharma, Medieval Bhakti Movement
™ Sunita Puri, Sikhism, Socio-Religious Perspective
™ Amit Dey, Islam in South Asia
™ Carl W Ernst, Shambala Guide to Sufism
™ Francis Robinson, Islam South Asia and the West
™ Arthur Buehler, Naqshbandis.
™ Narendranath Bhattacharyya, Medieval Bhakti Movement

*&  585$/ (1*$/'85,1*7+(&2/21,$/3(5,2' 

1. The Peasant world-view with reference to their notion of Justice.

2. Folk Tradition: Contextualizing the folk songs.
3. Texts for the rural audience
4. Eco-geographical factors.

Reading List:

Richard M Eaton, The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier

Gautam Bhadra, Iman O Nishan
B.B.Chaudhury, Dharma O Purba Bharate Krisak Andolon
Amalendu De, Bangali Buddhijibi O Bichhinnatabad
Saktinath Jha, Bastubadi Baul
Saktinath Jha, Baul Fakir Dhamser Itibritta

73
Edward c Dimock, The Place of the Hidden Moon
Amit Dey, The Image of the Prophet in Bengali Muslim Piety
Sudhir Kumar Chakrabarti, Baul Fakir Katha
Rajat K Ray, Tension in Bengal Rural Society
Gunnel Cederlof, Foundation of Empire in N.E.India
Girindranath Das, Bangla Pir Sahityer Katha
Abu Rushd, Songs of Lalan Shah
Ahmad Sharif ed., Baul Kabi Phulbasuddin O Nasaruddiner Padabali

*&+,6725<2)6&,(1&($1'7(&+12/2*<,102'(51,1',$

1. Approaches to the History of Science as Intellectual History and as Social History.

Methodological orientations in Social History of Science perspectives. SSK (Sociology
of Scientific Knowledge) and its variations- Constructivist approaches.
2. Interpreting the history of modern science in India ± early history of ³diffusion´ ±
critique of models of simple diffusion ± the emergence of the paradigm of colonial
science
3. Science under the East India Company- early surveying operations, geological and
botanical investigations. Orientalist interventions
4. The early Indian response to western science ± from Rammohan Roy to Mahendralal
Sircar ±the colonial science policy and the emergence of a scientific community in the
twentieth century ± the careers of J.C. Bose, P.C. Ray and C.V. Raman
5. Science, Technology and the shifting imperatives of nationalist politics- Gandhi, Bose
and Nehru
6. Technology transfers under colonial rule ± social and political implications ± the case of
the cotton textile industry.
7. The politics of decolonization and the making of science policy under the independent
Indian state

Select Readings:

™ Adas Michael, Machines As the Measure of Men : Science, Technology and Ideologies of Dominance
™ Arnold David, Science Technology and Medicine in India
™ Anderson Robert. S., Building Scientific Institutions in India
™ Bandopadhyay Arun (ed), Science and Society in India 1750-2000
™ Dasgupta Subrata, Jagadis Bose and the Indian Response to Western Science
™ Kumar Deepak, Science and the Raj 1875-1908
™ Kumar Deepak (ed.), Science and Empire: Essays In Indian Context

74
™ Kumar Deepak (ed.), Technology and the Raj : Western Technology and Technology Transfer in
India (1700-1947).
™ Ray P.C., Life and Experiences of a Bengali Chemist
™ Vishvanathan Shiv, Organizing for Science: The beginnings of Industrial Research in India

*& &2/21,$/ (1*$/32/,7,&6 62&,(7<$1'&8/785(

1. Impact of colonial rule: Pauperization of peasants and craftsmen, decline of the old
aristocracy and the rise of new landed elite, Urban growth and a rise of Bhadrolok class
2. Popular resistance to colonial rule
3. New social ideology and institutions
4. Rise of nationalism and the birth of organized politics
5. Bengal¶s role in nationalist politics: Swadeshi era, revolutionary nationalism, response to
Gandhian movements, leftism and its impact
6. Political and social processes of identity formation: Workers¶, peasants¶ and youth
movements, caste mobilization, from communal consciousness to communal riots ± Hindu-
Muslim divide, world of women
7. Nationalist discourse of science, art, literature and public health

Selected Reading

™ The Calcutta University History Of Bengal 1757-1905

™ Social Ideas and Social Change in Bengal: Salauddin Ahmed
™ Revolutionary Pamphlets, Propaganda and Political Culture in Colonial Bengal: Shukla
Sanyal
™ Congress Politics in Bengal 1919-1939: Srilata Chatterjee
™ Abibhakta Banglay Communist Andolan: Suchana Parba: Amitabha Chandra
™ Agrarian Bengal: Sugata Bose
™ Rethinking Working Class History in Bengal: Dipesh Chakraborty
™ Caste, Protest and Identity in Colonial India: Sekhar Bandyopadhyay
™ Bengal Divided: Joya Chatterjee
™ From the Seams of History: Essays on the Indian Women
™ Defining Moments in Bengal: Sabyasachi Bhattacharya

*&  25/'32/,7,&66,1&( 

1. The study of International Relations as a specialized discipline; perspectives on world

politics; the realist school, the pluralist school and structuralist school ± International
Relations as universal history.
2. The world after the Second World War ± the Cold War: (a) background; responsibility
for the Cold War; the question of the inevitability of the Cold War (b) manifestations of

75
 the Cold War; Sovietization of Eastern Europe; Americanization of Western Europe;
the German Question and the Berlin Crisis.
3. Europe in transition: (a) Western Europe ± Detente; Integration in Western Europe ±
the European Union; problems and prospects (b) Eastern Europe: de-Stalinization and
its impact; rift within the Communist bloc.
4. The emergence of the Third World: (a) Aspects of neocolonialism and movements far a
new world order, (b) Third World crises ± case studies: East Asia: the Korean Crisis ±
the Suez crisis ± the Vietnam War; West Asia: the Palestine issue and Arab-Israeli
Conflict ± the Iranian Revolution of 1979 ± the Iran-Iraq and Iraq-Kuwait conflicts;
Latin America: the U.S.A. and hemispheric security± the Cuban crisis ± revolutionary
challenge and failure: Guatemala, Chile and Nicaragua; Africa: the Algerian Crisis ±
the South Saharan Experience ± the Congo Crisis.
5. The rise of Peoples¶ Republic of China and its implication for global politics.
6. The U.N.O. in World Politics.
7.
*& **$1'+, (<21'1$7,21$/,60
1. Gandhi in South Africa
2. Gandhi and Vegetarianism
3. Gandhi Ruskin Tolstoy and Hind Swaraj
4. Philosophy Economy and Practice of the Spinning Wheel
5.Gandhi : Social Themes /Family
6.Gandhi¶s Friends and Associates /Critics/ Self -Criticism
7.Gandhi and his Ashrams
8.Gandhi and Peace Movements
9.Music, Art /Cartoons , Films, Literature and Gandhi
10.Gandhi¶s Travels and Fasts
11. Gandhi and International Politics
12. Gandhi and Comparative Religion

Select Readings:
™ Brown Judith M. & Progesky Martin (ed.): Gandhi and South Africa Principles and Politics,
1996
™ Moses Achala Moulik: A Hundred years of lev Tolstery and the Indian Connection, 2010
New Delhi
™ Nanda B.R: Mahatma Gandhi A Biography, 1958 London
™ Roy Choudhury P.C.: Gandhi and His Contemporaries, 1972 New Delhi
™ Reddy E.S. & Terp Holger (ed.): Friends of Gandhi, 2006 Copenhagen
™ Swan Maureen: Gandhi The South African Experience , 1958 Tohannesburg
™ Thompson Mark: Gandhi and his Ashrams, 1993 Bombay

76
™ Venkataramani M.S. & Shrivastava B.K.: Roosevelt Gandhi Churchill: America and the last
Phase of India¶s Freedom Struggle, 1983 & 1997
™ Dalal C.B, Harilal Gandhi: A Life 2007
™ Uma, Dhupelia-Mesthrie Uma, Gandhi¶s Prisnor? The life of Gandhi¶s Son Manilal 2004
™ Parikh Neelumben , Mahatma Gandhi¶s lost Treasure : Harilal Gandhi
™ Chettiar A.K, In The Tracks of The Mahatma : The Making of a Documentary 2006
™ Herman Arthur, Gandhi and Churchill : The Epic Rivalry That Destroyed an Empire and
Forged Our Age. 2008
™ Chakrabarti Mohit, The Gandhian Philosophy of the Spinning Wheel 2000
™ Joshi Nandini, Economics of the Spinning Wheel: Development without Destruction 1992
™ Rao K.L. Seshagiri, Mahatma Gandhi and Comparitive Religion 1978 / 1990
™ Reddy E.S.& Gandhi Gopalkrishna (ed.), Gandhi and South Africa 1914-1948, 1993
™ Gandhi Rajmohan , Mohandas : A True Story of a Man, his people and an Empire 2006
™ Fisher Louis, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi
™ Munshi S.& Chakravarti S., Mahatma Gandhi in Murals, 2005 , Barracpore

*& +,6725,(62) 20(1$1'*(1'(5

1. Defining Women¶s History: Earlier writings/ New Histories: Its relationship with other
Histories/ Sources and Methods
2. Women¶s Movement in the Twentieth century in USA Britain and other countries.
Contribution of Women¶s Movement and Feminist Thought to the development of
Women¶s History
3. Trends in writing Women¶s History in the West : Few Case Studies
4. Gender in History :Examining Gender as a category of historical analysis.
5. Women/Gender History: Shift since 1990s: Questioning women as a universal category;
Women in conservative ideologies; Black and Third World Feminist History Writing:
Women¶s Biographies/Life Stories
6. Women / Gender history in India. Major historiographical trends ±Few case studies
illustrating
7. different trends : Methodologies and Sources
8. Social Reform, Education, Professions
9. Ideologies/Politics/Movements/Organisations
10. Representations/Literature/Art Forms
11. Biographies and Lives
12. Writing Women/Gender history in the era of globalization

Select Readings:

™ Bannerji Hasi, Sarojini Naidu- The Traditional Feminist, 1998

77
™ Basu, Aparna, Mridula Sarabhai : Rebel With A Cause, 1996
™ Bridenthal R., Koonz C., Stuard S. (ed), Becoming Visible: Women in European History
1987
™ Burton Antoinette, Burdens of History: British Feminists ,Indian Women and Imperial
Culture1865-1915,1994
™ Carroll Bernice, Liberating Women¶s History Urban, IL 1976
™ Chakrabarti, U., Rewriting History: The Life and Times of Pandita Ramabai, 1998
™ Chanana, K., Socialisation, Education and Women: Explorations in Gender Identity, 1988
™ Davis John, Hellen Keller (Rebel Lives Series)
™ Forbes, Geraldine, Women in Modern India The New Cambridge History of India, IV. 2 1996
™ Forbes Geraldine, Women in Colonial India : Essays on Politics, Medicine and
Historiography 2005
™ Gooptu, Suparna, Cornelia Sorabji: India¶s Pioneer Woman Lawyer: A Biography2006,2010
™ Gordon Felicia, The Integral Feminist Madeleine Pelletier, 1974-1939, 1990
™ Hasan, Mushirul Between Modernity and Nationalism: Halide Edipe¶s Encounter with
Gandhi¶s India,2010
™ Kumar Radha, The History of Doing:An Illustrated Account of Movements for Women¶s
Rightsand Feminism in India1800-1990, 1993
™ Krishnamurthy, J. ed., Women in Colonial India: Essays on Survival,Work and the State,
1989
™ Lerner Gerda The Creation of feminist Consciousness: From the middle ages to eighteen-
seventy1993
™ \Liddle, J. and Joshi, R., Daughters of Independence: Gender, Caste and Class in India
,1986\
™ Mohanty Talpade Chandra et al eds Third World and the Politics of Feminism ( Bloomington
1991)
™ O¶Hanlon, Rosalind, A Comparison between Women and Men: Tarabai Shinde and the
Critique of Gender Relations in Colonial India, 1994
™ Ray, Bharati, Early Feminists of Colonial India: Sarala Devi Chaudhurani and Rokeya
Sakhawat Hossain: 2002
™ Ray Bharati ed., Women in India: Colonial and Post Colonial Periods (Sage Publication,
2005)
™ Chaudhuri N. and Strobel, M., Western Women and Imperialism: Complicity and Resistance
(1992)
™ Sangari, Kumkum and Vaid, Sudesh eds.,,Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History
1989
™ Sarkar Sumit and Sarkar Tanika Women and Social Reform in Modern India Volume I and II,
2007
™ Sinha Mrinalini, Colonial Masculinity: The µManly¶ Englishman and the µEffeminate¶
Bengali in the late Nineteenth Century, 1995

78
™ Scott Joan Wallach, Gender and the Politics of History 1988


*&+,6725<$1'+,6725,&$/),/06

This course aims at using historical films from the world over to look into the historicity of the
events depicted. Unlike any course from the discipline of area studies, this course aims at
recovering the historical µtruth¶ behind the reel version. The course would also aim at
understanding the politics behind the particular version of events depicted in the films under
scrutiny.
The course aims at screening of three to four films in course of a semester, and then discussing
its historical background for about a month each. The films in each semester would be chosen in
accordance with a particular theme or subject decided upon at the beginning of the semester in
consultation with the students.
The course does not aim simply to train them in any particular historical theme. It aims instead to
train the students in a particular methodology for studying history, viz. how to deconstruct
information packed into secondary and other derivative sources, by studying about the
µhistorical¶ context of the events depicted.
1. What is a historical film? ± the reel and the real; the question of
perspective; the issue of time
2. Films and the burden of the µtruth¶ ± what is ³historical truth´? How to
recover it?
3. Expectations of film-makers ± the issue of details in a period piece;
creative interpretation;
4. The Question of politics ± the politics behind history-writing; the politics
of film-making

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

™ Marcia Landy, The Historical Film: History and Memory in Media (Rutgers, 2000).
™ Jonathan Stubbs, Historical Film: A Critical Introduction, (Bloomsbury, 2013).
™ James Chapman, Past and Present: National Identity and British Historical Film (I.B.
Tauris, 2005)
™ Leger Grindon, Shadows on the Past: Studies in the Historical Fiction Film, (Temple
University Press, 1994)
™ Robert A Rosenstone, Constantin Parvulescu, A Companion to the Historical Film
™ M. Madhava Prasad, Ideology of the Hindi Film: A Historical Introduction, (OUP,
1998).
™ Tom Symmons, The New Hollywood Historical Film 1967-78, (Palgrave Macmillan,
2016)

79
 ™ Bruno Ramirez, Inside the Historical Films, (McGill¶s University Press, 2014).

*&( 2/87,212) (1*$/,086,&)520($5/<&2/21,$/72 6

1. Songs, lyrics, singers and the patrons in early colonial Bengal: social and cultural
contexts
2. Growth of western culture, new forms of music and musical instruments in the nineteenth
century
3. Popular music and the social responses in late nineteenth century
4. Introduction of technology and commercialization of music
5. The Swadeshi era and use of music in political space
6. Rise and popularity of musical maestros, different genres of songs and popular response
7. Growth of leftist ideology and application of music for political purposes
8. Development of new trends of music after independence, film songs and lyrics

Select Bibliography
™ Karunamoy Goswami, Bangla Gaaner Bibortan. Bangla Academy Press, June, 1993
™ Swami Pragnananda, Padabali Kirtaner Itihas. Calcutta
™ Dilip Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Banglir Raaga Sangeet Charcha. Firma K.L.M. Pvt.
Ltd, 1975.
™ Arun Kumar Basu, Bangla Kavya Sangeet-o- Rabindrasangeet. Rabindra Bharati
University, Calcutta, 1978.
™ Prabhat Kumar Goswami, Hazar Bochorer Bangla Gaan. Saraswata Library. 1376
(B.S.)
™ Prabhat Kumar Goswami, Bangla Sangete Madhya Jug. Calcutta, 1955.
™ Rajeswar Mitra, Bangla Sangeete Madhya Jug. Calcutta, 1955.
™ Hitesh Ranjan Sanyal, Bangla Kirtaner Itihas.
™ Sudhir Chakraborty, Baul Farik Kotha.
™ Avijit Bandyopadhyay, Bangla Ganer Poth chola. Aajkal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2010.



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 CSR

DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA

Alipur Campus
1, Reformatory Street, Kolkata 700 027
Regulations for Two±Years (Four Semesters)
M.A. in HISTORY
University of Calcutta
4th floor, Alipore Campus, 1, Reformatory Street, Kolkata ± 700 027
_____________________________________________________________

INTRODUCTION:

The Department of History, University of Calcutta began to function in 1912, and the system of
examination at the end of two years was in practice. It introduced the biennial system of examination
Part-I and Part-II, where the students had to sit for a yearly final examination. The department has
introduced a system of internal assessment of 20 marks each paper and 10 marks each half and 80
marks each paper and 40 marks each half system of examination as a step towards semester system of
examination from the 2014-2015 session. But on and from 2018-2019 sessions, the Semester system
is being introduced in the department making provision for examination at six months regular interval
based on CBCS.

REGULATIONS

1. GENERAL

The course of study leading to the Post-graduate M.A. Degree in HISTORY of the University of
Calcutta shall be conducted by the Department of history.

A student may write his/her examination in English or in Bengali but the question paper will be set in
English only.

The University shall lay down from time to time such subsidiary rules of admission, courses of study
and methods of examination as may be deemed necessary for the maintenance of standards of
University Education, in conformity with the relevant authorities.

2. DURATION OF THE COURSE

Two full academic years including one field trip (subject to approval of the University) divided into
four semesters. The classes will be held both in the Department and in the allied departments within
Alipur Campus subject to availability of the resource persons and approval of the Departmental
Committee.

3. NUMBER OF EXAMINATIONS

Each course of study towards M.A. in HISTORY shall consist of term papers and/or sit-down
examinations, in accordance with the preference of the teachers, subject to the decision of the
PGBOS:

SEMESTER-I, to be held at the end of the first semester of the course of study.
SEMESTER-II, to be held at the end of the second semester of the course of study.

SEMESTER-III, to be held at the end of the third semester of the course of study.

SEMESTER-IV, to be held at the end of fourth semester of the course of study.

The date of commencing of the examination shall be duly notified.

Classes for the next semester course will start as per notification by the Department History.

Semester wise allocation of papers and the syllabus are given in the CBCS template attached
herewith. The tentative allocations indicated in the template provides the range of options available
for the students to opt in a particular semester; the actual choices on offer would vary from one
semester to another.

4. ADMISSION CRITERIA FOR M.A. IN HISTORY

A candidate who has passed the three-year B.A. Honours course in History of this University is
eligible to seek admission to the M.A. Course in the subject directly. Remaining seats will be offered
to the candidates who have passed the B.A Honours course in affiliated disciplines from this
University. There will be few seats available as per U.G.C. guidelines in every such course in this
University to the graduates of other Universities provided they fulfil other terms and conditions as
may be laid down in the admission notification issued by the University from time to time.

5. FEES STRUCTURE

Monthly and yearly fees to be collected from a student as academic year July to June. Examination
fees and other related fees are payable by the candidates as may be prescribed by the university from
time to time.

6. CREDIT POINT OR DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS OF PAPERS

M.A. course in History shall constitute of 12 Core Courses (CC), 6 Discipline Specific Elective
(DSE) Courses and 2 papers in Generic Elective (GE). Students will be required to opt for 5 courses
in each of the semesters; each course will be worth 50 marks ± hence every semester would be worth
(50 x5 =) 250 marks. Further, each paper carries 4 Credit Points, so each semester will be (4 x5 =) 20
Credit points.

Core Course: 12 Papers, Discipline Specific Elective : 6 Papers, Generic Elective : 2 Papers

12+6+2 = 20 courses x 50 marks = 1000 Marks

Each course is of 4 Credits, i.e. 20x4 = 80 Credits

CC 12x4 = 48 Credit Point; DSE 6x4 =24 Credit Points; GE 2x4 = 8 Credit Points

4 Semesters in two years. 5 courses in each semester (5 x50 = 250 marks) 5x4 = 20 Credits in each
Semester.

The Department will offer 3 courses each from Core Courses in all the four semesters. As to the
DSEs, students will have to take 1 DSE each for the first two semester, and two DSEs each for the
next two semesters.

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Each of 4 Semester will carry 20 Credit and four Semesters altogether will carry 20 x4 = 80 Credits.
(12 CC papers 12 x4= 48 Credits, 6 DSE Papers 6 x4 = 24 Credits and 2 GE papers 2 x4 =8 Credits).

The Department offers a1000 marks M.A. Examination (equivalent to 80 Credit Points) divided
equally in 4 Semesters:

SEMESTER MARKS CREDIT POINT

I 250 20
II 250 20
III 250 20
IV 250 20
TOTAL 1000 80

7. ATTENDANCE

As per rule of the University, a candidate shall be eligible for admission to a semester examination
provided he/she prosecutes a regular course of studies in the Department for that semester in the
subject and attends at least 65% of the total number of Theoretical classes held during the semester. A
failed candidate shall not have to attend classes for appearing in the corresponding back paper(s) in a
subsequent semester.
Condonable limit: A student who has attended at least 55% of the classes but less than 65% of the
classes shall however, be eligible to appear in the examination upon payment of requisite short
percentage fees as may be prescribed by the University from time to time after obtaining a
condonation order from the Vice-Chancellor.

8. EXAMINER

For term papers, the responsibility for managing the evaluation rests entirely with the corresponding
resource person, subject to the approval of the PGBOS. For end semester examination, paper setters,
moderators, examiners, scrutinisers for each paper will be appointed by the University on the
recommendations of the PGBOS of the department of History.

Scripts will be examined by single examiner for both term papers and sit-down tests.

9. EXAMINATION TIMING

Theory papers: Upto 25 Marks 1hour

40 to 50 marks 2 hours

10. MAXIMUM PERMISIBLE TIME FOR COMPLETING THE ENTIRE COURSE

Students will have to clear the entire course within 3 years from the year of first admission or as per
University rule.

11. SEMESTER COMBINATION

As per prescribed by the University.

12. PASSING CRITERIA

A candidate is required to appear at each and every paper/course/module/part/group of the respective

syllabus. Examinees obtaining 40% of the total marks in the aggregate of all the semesters shall be
declared to have passed in the M.A examination.

A candidate is required to appear at each and every course/module /part/group of the respective
syllabus. Examinees in order to be declared to have passed an examination must obtain at least 35%
marks in each semester aggregate, failing which the candidate shall have to reappear in the one paper,
wherein he/she has obtained lower marks. Examinees obtaining 40% of the total marks in the
aggregate of all the semesters shall be declared to have passed in the M.A. examination.

13. CRITERIA FOR RE-APPEARING (SUPPLEMENTARY) EXAMINATION

All supplementary examinations shall be held after six months of the original examination. Having
failed or absent in maximum two papers/ courses a candidate shall be eligible to appear at the
supplementary examination.

A candidate who has failed in more than two paper(s) can appear at the same semester without
appearing at the higher semester and without attending the classes.

Candidate who fails in one or two paper(s) can clear the paper(s) in two more consecutive chances
along with his/her higher semester examination. If the candidate is unable to clear the same within
two consecutive chances, he/she shall be dropped from the concerned course.
Failed candidate, intending to re-appear in a subsequent semester will have to take permission from
the concerned Faculty Secretary through the Head of the Department immediately after publication of
result.

If a candidate who is eligible to appear at a particular semester examination does not fill up the
application form for that examination or remains absent in all the papers or some of the papers shall
be considered to have lost one stipulated chance for that examination.

If and when candidates do not clear their semester examination, they can clear the back semester
examination along with their higher semester in the next two consecutive chances, failing which
he/she shall be dropped from the concerned course.

Being absent in maximum two paper-halves/courses a candidates shall be eligible to appear at the
supplementary examination.

If a candidate who is eligible to appear at a particular semester examination does not fill up the
application form for that examination or remain absent in all the papers or some of the papers shall be
considered to have lost one stipulated chance for that examination.

14. ABSENT CRITERIA

Failure to full up the examination form shall be considered as missing a chance and such candidates
who have not filled up the examination form shall have to appear at the same semester examination.

A Candidate who has filled up the examination form but remains absent in the entire examination or
more than two courses will be considered to have lost a chance and shall be required to re-appear at
the same semester examination(s).

A Candidate remaining absent in one or two papers/courses but clearing the other papers/courses
shall be considered to have failed in those papers/courses in which he/she remains absent and shall be
eligible to clear them as stated in regulation.

15. RE-ADMISSION CRITERIA

If a student is dropped from the respective course of study because of his failure to clear a particular
course, he/she may apply for readmission in the same course of study in the 1st semester of the next
academic session along with the fresh applicants.

16. CONSOLIDATED MARK SHEET

A Candidate, after passing all the semesters may apply for a consolidated mark sheet to the Controller
of Examinations upon payment of such fees as prescribed by the University.

17. MARKING SYSTEM

Numerical scores will be awarded in all the semesters and marks in numbers shall be given in the
mark sheet. Credit points awarded to a candidate shall be given in the mark sheet by the University.

18. DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RESULT

For a regular student who has cleared all the semester in normal course, the date of publication of
final result shall be the date of publication of the result of the 4th semester.
The final date of publication of result for students clearing previous semester(s) subsequent to their
clearing 4th semester examination will be date of publication of the last result clearing all papers.

19. GRADE POINT CALCULATION

Examiners shall forward assessment in respect of every student to the Controller of Examinations for
tabulation of results A-7 Point Grade System shall be followed for the purpose details of which are
laid down hereunder:

Percentage of Marks* Grades Numerical Grade Points Remarks

80-100 O 5.50-6.00 Outstanding
70-79 A+ 4.50-4.99 Excellent
60-69 A 4.00-4.49 Very Good
55-59 B+ 3.75-3.99 Good
50-54 B 3.50-3.74 Fair
40-49 C 3.00-3.49 Satisfactory
0-39 F ** Fail

* In case Percentage value of Marks involves decimal figures, candidates shall be awarded the next
higher integer value if the decimal value (Rounded off upto two decimal places) exceeds 0.50.
** Numerical Grade Point shall not be calculated in respect of a failed paper
The multiplicative factors shall be 0.05 for all Grades for the purpose of calculating numerical Grade
Point.

Example 1: Example: If a student scores 50% in a particular module, his/her grade point for the
module will be (3.00 + 0.05 x 12) = 3.60. More generally, if the student secures p% where P> 40 or P
= 40 his/her grade point will be [3.0 + {(P-40) x 0.05}].

The Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) will be just the average of the grade points obtained in all
the modules of the given semester. If the Numerical Grade Points obtained by a student are denoted
by ci (i= to n, where n is the number of paper/course/module/part/group in each semester), the SGPA
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mark sheet up to the third decimal point.

Cumulative Grade Point Average (CUPA) over four semesters shall be the simple average of the four
6*3V &*3$ ™6*3$j ,4) where j=1 to 4. CGPA should be calculated and shown up to three
decimal places.

Both SGPA and CGPA will be rounded off to the third place of the decimal and will be shown as such
on the mark sheet. The mark sheet issued at the end of each semester shall include both the GOA and
the total marks obtained in each module, as well as the SGPA and the total marks obtained in that
semester. The final mark sheet shall also include the CGPA and the total marks obtained out of 1000.

20. MARKSHEET DESIGNING

Full marks, marks obtained and grade point, SGPA, CGPA of the examination shall be reflected in the
mark sheets wherever applicable.

If a candidate gets ¶F¶ grade in one or more course/modules/groups in a semester examination, his
SGPA in that Semester shall be temporarily withheld and GPW (Grade Point Withheld) shall be
marked against SGPA on marksheet. A fresh marksheet with duly calculated SGPA shall be issued
only when a candidate clears the course subsequently but within the stipulated time frame.
Mark sheet shall reflect marks obtained in each half/course of the paper as well as the full marks in
the paper and the marks obtained, in the examination.

If a candidate fails in a semester, mark sheet of that semester shall be temporarily withheld. Afresh
mark sheet with duly calculated marks shall be issued only when a candidate clears the course
subsequently but within the stipulated time frame.

21. PASS DEFINATION

On the basis of CGPA obtained by a candidate over four semesters, final grade and class shall be
awarded as follows:

CGPA Grade Class

5.000-6.000 O (Outstanding) 1st Class
4.500-4.995 A+ (Excellent) 1st Class
4.000-4.495 A (Very Good) 1st Class
3.750-3.995 B+ (Good) IInd Class
3.500-3.745 B (Fair) IInd Class
3.000-3.495 C (Satisfactory) IInd Class
0.000-2.995 F (Fail) Fail

22. GRACE MARKS

A Candidate failing to obtain the pass marks in a semester examination shall be given benefit of one
additional mark in the paper in which he/she secure lowest marks and the same shall be shown in the
Tabulation Rolls. However, in the mark sheet only the total marks shall be shown after such addition.

A Candidate failing to obtain 50% or 55% or 60% marks in the aggregate of all the semesters by one
mark only shall be given the benefit of one additional mark in the result of the final semester and the
same shall be reflected both in the Tabulation Roll and as well as in the Mark sheet.

23. RE-EXAMINATION

A Candidate shall be eligible to apply for a maximum of one theoretical papers only of a semester
examination provided he has appeared at the said examination as a whole and has obtained at least
40% marks in aggregate in rest of the papers taken together in that semester examination. This shall
not apply to a candidate who has partly appeared or has appeared in a supplementary examination.

Candidates seeking re-examinations may apply to the University in a prescribed form along with
requisite fees as may be fixed by the University within such date as may be notified by the University.

In case marks awarded in a paper on re-examination exceeds the original marks obtained by more
than 15% of the total marks in the paper or falls 5% of the original marks in the paper, the script will
be referred to a third examiner and the candidate will be awarded the average of the best two of the
marks awarded by the three examiners.

Change in marks will be given effect and a fresh mark sheet will be issued. Change in marks shall not
be given effect if the said change leads to decline in result status and in such cases re-examination
result shall be declared as ³No Change´.
24. RANKING

Candidate unable to clear each part of all the semester examinations (semester-I, II, III, IV) in one
chance shall not be entitled to any position in order of merit. To be eligible for award of rank in order
of merit, a candidate must pass all the semester examinations at first chance as a regular candidate.

25. CANCELLATION OF EXAMINATION

Candidates may apply to the Controller of Examinations for cancellation of enrolment of the said
examination within fifteen days from the date of completion of theory papers. The said cancelled
examination will also be counted as a chance.