Fire Tank
Fire Tank
Fire Tank
I\. _., \
.~ &/ Y
0 Revised as per LDC Comments Yogesh Vikrant Pugha \ 20.07.12
Consultant :
r> r>. Parsons Brinckerhoff India Pvt. Ltd .
." Parsons Brinckerhoff Pte. Ltd. Singapore
in Associolion with :
~ Tandon Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
ltin* Frischmann Prabhu (India) Pvt. Ltd.
ICT Engineering Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
Chennai Metro Rail Project Phase I - Contract UAA05
Design and Construction of Underground Stations and Associated Tunnels
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
The main fire water flow has been established as 2850 lpm (refer to Fire Pump Discharge
calculations).
Providing 60 min supply as per NFPA-130, fire water tank capacity = 2850x60 = 171,000 liters.(say)
200,000 lit.
The proposed Fire Water Tank shall have effective storage volume of 200,000 litres. The tank shall
be divided in two compartments, for case of periodic cleaning, of 100,000 litres each. The water
stored in these compartments shall be used exclusively for fire fighting or during fire drill.
Overflow arrangement shall be made from fire tanks to Domestic water tank for continuous
replenishment of water.
Common fire pumps for both the sprinkler and the hydrant systems shall be provided, mainly Local
Fire Code (NBC Part-IV) and ODS have been followed to arrive at the discharge capacity of the
pumps, however following parameters pertaining to Hydrant and Sprinkler systems of NFPA are
also referred to-
i) Hydrant System
As per NFPA-14, the total fire water supply (flow), for horizontal standpipe system, supplying 3 or
more hydrants on any floor, would be 250 gpm for each of the 3 hydraulically most remote hydrants
ie 3x250 gpm=750 gpm = 2838.75 lpm.----(i)
As per NFPA-13’s Area/Density Chart, for Ordinary 1 hazard the maximum area of Sprinkler
Operation would be 4000 sq.ft. and fire water spray density would be 0.1 gpm/sq.ft i.e. maximum
flow requirement would be 4000x0.1=400 gpm = 1514 lpm---(ii)
Selecting highest of the above 3 figures we find that capacity of the Fire Pump should be 2838.75
lpm.
As the next higher standard (and popular) size of Fire Pumps is 2850 lpm, we select a flow rate of
2850 lpm.
Proposed discharge capacity of Main and Diesel operated stand-by Pumps = 2850 lpm
b. Jockey Pump
A jockey pump shall be provided to maintain the required pressure in the fire mains all the time, so
that full water pressure is instantly available in case a Sprinkler bursts or a Hydrant is opened. Thus
normally a jockey Pumps would only take care of minor leakages and its flow rate is between 5% to
10% of main fire pump flow rate.
Since 2850 lpm is the flow rate of fire pump, we select 180 lpm (also a popular size, which is 6.31
% of main pump) as the capacity of the Jockey Pump.
PUMPS:
2850 lpm Main Electric Pump X 56 M Head
2850 lpm Standby Diesel Driven Pump x 56 m head
180 lpm Jockey Pump X 56 M Head
Required pressure at remote hydrant point =3.5Kg /Sq.cm (as per para 5.7.3.1,ODS )
Abbreviation Used
Static
Pipe Pressure
Starting End Elev Changes Pipe Fitting Eq. Frictional
Flow Size Summary Notes
Node Node ation in Fittings Length Loss
( NB )
Elevation.
q L 10.30 Pt 0.8069
I J 0 F 1.54 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150 T 11.84 0.00416 Pf 0.0493
q L 14.50 Pt 0.8562
J K 0 F 1.54 Pe 0.0000
Static
Changes Pipe Pressure
Starting End Elev Pipe Fitting Eq. Frictional
Flow Size Summary Notes
Node Node ation in Fittings Length Loss
( NB )
Elevation.
1.4088 bar
Total Pressure Loss
Required pressure is 4.91 bar, which is less than the pump head provided. Hence piping and pipe
sizing (selected) are adequate.
Static
Pipe
Starting End Elev Changes Pipe Fitting Eq. Frictional Pressure
Flow Size Notes
Node Node ation in Fittings Length Loss Summary
( NB )
Elevation
1-2-3-A q L 10.00 Pt 0.3628 Pump
Discharge to
2 F 30.08 Pe 0.1960 Delivery
Header with
0.196 Q 2850 150.0 T 40.08 0.00416 Pf 0.1668 Valves.
q L 1.00 Pt 0.3628
A B 1 F 8.38 Pe 0.0980
0.098 Q 2850 150.0 T 9.38 0.00416 Pf 0.0390
q L 2.30 Pt 0.4998
B C 0 F 2.00 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150.0 T 4.30 0.00416 Pf 0.0179
q L 1.30 Pt 0.5177
C D 0 F 8.61 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150.0 T 9.91 0.00416 Pf 0.0412
q L 5.50 Pt 0.5590
D E -4 F 2.00 Pe -0.3920
-0.392 Q 2850 150.0 T 7.50 0.00416 Pf 0.0312
q L 30.00 Pt 0.1982
E F 0 F 2.00 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150.0 T 32.00 0.00416 Pf 0.1332
q L 10.00 Pt 0.3314
F G 0 F 8.61 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150.0 T 18.61 0.00416 Pf 0.0774
q L 45.80 Pt 0.4088
G H 0 F 4.75 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150.0 T 50.55 0.00416 Pf 0.2104
q L 39.00 Pt 0.6192
H I 0 F 6.10 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150.0 T 45.10 0.00416 Pf 0.1877
q L 10.30 Pt 0.8069
I J 0 F 1.54 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150.0 T 11.84 0.00416 Pf 0.0493
q L 14.50 Pt 0.8562
J K 0 F 1.54 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150.0 T 16.04 0.00416 Pf 0.0668
q L 1.90 Pt 0.9229
K L 0 F 2.00 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150.0 T 3.90 0.00416 Pf 0.0162
q L 5.00 Pt 0.9391
L M 0 F 1.43 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150 T 6.43 0.00416 Pf 0.0268
q L 5.00 Pt 0.9659
M N 0 F 4.75 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150 T 9.75 0.00416 Pf 0.0406
0 q 150 L 1.50 0.00416 Pt 1.0065
N O 0 F 2.00 Pe 0.0000
Q 2850 T 3.50 Pf 0.0146
q L 3.00 Pt 1.0210
O P 0 F 8.61 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 2850 150 T 11.61 0.00416 Pf 0.0483
q L 6.55 Pt 1.0694
P Q' -11.1 F 1.10 Pe -1.093
-1.093 Q 1893 150 T 7.65 0.00195 Pf 0.0000
q L 12.41 Pt -0.0233
Q' R' 0 F 1.10 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 1893 150 T 13.51 0.00195 Pf 0.0264
q L 1.00 Pt 0.0030
R' S' 0 F 1.10 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 1893 150 T 2.10 0.00195 Pf 0.0041
Total Pressure Loss up to Monitored valve ( for Tunnel ) mounted at undercroft level =.0071 bar
Straight Pipe length running in tunnel ( towards Shenoy Nager) = 954 mtr
Pipe Length up to the cross passage located nearest of center of tunnel=477 mtr
Qty.
Fittings (Nos) Eq. length
Elbow 90 deg 4.00 8.0
100 dia Tee 5.00 30.5
150 dia Tee 1.00 8.6
mtr
Total 47.1
As per Hazen Williams formula for 1893 lpm flow in the 150 dia pipe shall be 2.21mtr per 100 mtr
Total friction loss for 150 mm dia of 524.1 mtr length =11 mtr
Pressure loss from monitored valve mounted at undercroft level to remote double headed hydrant=1.1 bar
Total Pressure required = Total Pressure Loss + Min Pressure (3.5 bar) required at remote hydrant point =
4.6071 bar
Pump Head provided =56 mtr
As Pressure of 4.61 bar is met, hence piping and pipe sizing is adequate.
Design data
S.no Description Parameter
i Occupancy classification : Ordinary GR1
2
ii Coverage per sprinkler m (max.) : 12
iii No. of sprinklers : 4
iv K factor : 80
v Flow rate of each sprinkler : 100 lpm
vi Maximum nos of sprinkler : 4 Nos
in area of operation
Static loss
Starting End Elev of Changes Pipe Fitting Eq. Frictional Pressure Summary
Node Node ation in Elevation. Flow Size Length Loss/ Mtr Notes
K J 0 F 1.54 Pe 0.0000
Q 400 T 16.04 Pf 0.0023
q L 10.30 Pt 3.0003
J I 0 F 1.54 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 400 150 T 11.84 0.00014 Pf 0.0017
q L 39.00 Pt 3.0020
I H 0 F 6.10 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 400 150 T 45.10 0.00014 Pf 0.0064
q L 45.80 Pt 3.0084
H G 0 F 4.75 Pe 0.0000
q L 10.00 Pt 3.0156
G F 0 F 8.61 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 400 150 T 18.61 0.00014 Pf 0.0026
q L 30.00 Pt 3.0182
F E 0 F 2.00 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 400 150 T 32.00 0.00014 Pf 0.0045
q L 5.50 Pt 3.0228
E D -4 F 2.00 Pe -0.3920
-0.39 Q 400 150 T 7.50 0.00014 Pf 0.0011
q L 1.30 Pt 2.6318
D C 0 F 8.61 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 400 150 T 9.91 0.00014 Pf 0.0014
q L 2.30 Pt 2.6332
C B 0 F 2.00 Pe 0.0000
0 Q 400 150 T 4.30 0.00014 Pf 0.0006
q L 1.00 Pt 2.6332
B A 1 F 8.38 Pe 0.0980
0.098 Q 400 150 T 9.38 0.00014 Pf 0.0013
A-1-2-3 q L 10.0 Pt 2.7326 Pump
Discharge to
2 F 30.08 Pe 0.1960 Delivery
Header with
0.196 Q 400 150 T 40.08 0.00014 Pf 0.0057 Valves.
Water Requirement 400 Lpm Total Pressure Loss for 2.94239 bar
sprinklers located in O-12
room at concourse
As the tapping is taken from hydrant riser ( 56 mtr. Pump Head ) , so Pressure of 2.93 bar is met,
hence piping and pipe sizing is adequate.
Suction and Delivery headers and risers shall be sized as per NFPA-20 guidelines. It will also be ensured
that the water velocity does not exceed 2.0 m/s on suction side and 5.0 m/s on any point on delivery side.
Suction Header
Q = π/4 x d2 x v
Since, in case of 150 mm dia the velocity is out of permitted range. Hence we select the suction header dia
of 200 mm.
Velocity in 150 mm dia pipe is 2.68 m/s (as arrived at above) which is within acceptable range of flow for
risers and the minimum delivery dia recommended by NFPA-20 for the pump of 750 gpm (2838.75 lpm)
discharge capacity.
As per NFPA -20/ NFPA -14 the minimum size for hydrants line after a pump with an output of 750 gpm
(2838.75 lpm) is 6” (150 mm).
Also in the pipe line feeding the hydrant in the tunnel, for a flow of 1880 lpm, frictional head drop would be
(by Hazen Williams’s formula).
Thus we find that if we select 100 mm size for the Hydrants line in the Tunnel the frictional head loss for an
equivalent length of about 490m would be excessive (76m) requiring unnecessarily Fire Pumps of very high
head.
With 150 mm pipe line the frictional head loss would only be about 10.5m ( see also para 2.2.1 criteria 1)
System Acceptance
FM-200 system must discharge the agent in a manner that will achieve 95% of the design concentration
with in ten second in accordance with NFPA 2001, Section 3-5.7.1.2, 2008 edition.
Cylinder Details
Cylinder Name: Cylinder, Upright
Total Clean Agent Required Wt (W CV + W RV + W FV) 176.92 Kgs
System Acceptance
FM-200 system must discharge the agent in a manner that will achieve 95% of the design concentration
with in ten second in accordance with NFPA 2001, Section 3-5.7.1.2, 2008 edition.
Cylinder Details
Cylinder Name: Cylinder, Upright
Total Clean Agent Required Wt = (W CV + W RV + W FV) 156.95 Kgs
System Acceptance
FM-200 system must discharge the agent in a manner that will achieve 95% of the design
concentration with in ten second in accordance with NFPA 2001, Section 3-5.7.1.2, 2008 edition.
Cylinder Details
Cylinder Name: Cylinder, Upright
Total Clean Agent Required Wt =(W CV + W RV + W FV) 134 Kgs
Ceiling
Description Legend Formula Void Room Void Floor Void
2
Area: A LXW 16.12 m2 16.12 m2 16.12 m
Height: H 1.4 m 2.5 m 0.2 m
3 3 3
Volume: V V=LXW XH 22.57 m 56.42 m 3.22 m
Non-permeable: V non 0.00 m3 0.00 m3 0.00 m
3
System Acceptance
FM-200 system must discharge the agent in a manner that will achieve 95% of the design concentration
with in ten second in accordance with NFPA 2001, Section 3-5.7.1.2, 2008 edition.
Cylinder Details
Cylinder Name: Cylinder, Upright
Total Clean Agent Required Wt =(W CV + W RV + W FV) 52.03 Kg
System Acceptance
FM-200 system must discharge the agent in a manner that will achieve 95% of the design concentr
with in ten second in accordance with NFPA 2001, Section 3-5.7.1.2, 2008 edition.
Cylinder Details
Cylinder Name: Cylinder, Upright
Total Clean Agent Required Wt =(W CV + W RV + W FV) 120.75 Kg
System Acceptance
FM-200 system must discharge the agent in a manner that will achieve 95% of the design
concentration with in ten second in accordance with NFPA 2001, Section 3-5.7.1.2, 2008 edition.
Cylinder Details
Cylinder Name: Cylinder, Upright
Total Clean Agent Required Wt =(W CV + W RV + W FV) 332.2 Kg
System Acceptance
FM-200 system must discharge the agent in a manner that will achieve 95% of the design
concentration with in ten second in accordance with NFPA 2001, Section 3-5.7.1.2, 2008 edition.
Cylinder Details
Cylinder Name: Cylinder, Upright
Total Clean Agent Required Wt = (W CV + W RV + W FV) 657.8 Kg
System Acceptance
FM-200 system must discharge the agent in a manner that will achieve 95% of the design
concentration with in ten second in accordance with NFPA 2001, Section 3-5.7.1.2, 2008 edition.
Cylinder Details
Cylinder Name: Cylinder, Upright
Total Clean Agent Required Wt (W CV + W RV + W FV) 51.41 Kg
connection and 65 psi (4.5 bar) at the outlet of the hydrauli- 7.10.1.2* Hydraulic Calculation Requirements.
cally most remote Ill.! in. (40 mm) hose station.
7.10.1.2.1 Hydraulic calculations and pipe sizes for each stand-
7.8.1.1* Manual standpipe systems shall be designed to pro- pipe shall be based on providing 250 gpm (946 L/min) at the
vide 100 psi (6.9 bar) at the topmost outlet with the calcula- two hydraulically most remote hose connections on the stand-
tions terminating at the fire department connection. pipe and at the topmost outlet of each of the other standpipes at
•7.9* Standpipe System Zones.
the minimum residual pressure required by Section 7.8 .
7.10.1.2.1.1 * Where a standpipe system has risers that termi-
7.9.1 Except as permitted by 7.2.4, each standpipe system
nate at different floor levels, separate hydraulic calculations
zone shall be provided with a separate pump. shall be performed for the standpipes that exist on each level.
7.9.1.1 The use of pumps arranged in series to meet the re- In each case. flow shall be added only for standpipes that exist
quirements of7.9.1 shall be permitted. on the floor level of the calculations.
7.9.1.2 Pumps that are arranged in series shall be permitted 7.10.1.2.2 Where a horizontal standpipe on a Class 1and Class
to be. but are not required to be, located on the same level, III system supplies three or more hose connections on any floor.
hydraulic calculations and pipe sizes for each standpipe shall be
7.9.2 Each zone above the low zone shall have two or more based on providing ~50 gpm (9,16 L/min) at the three hydrauli-
s('parate and direct supply pipes sized to automatically and cally most remote hose connections on the standpipe and at the
independently supply the flow and pressul'e requirements of topmost outlet of each of the other standpipes at the minimum
Sections 7.8 and 7.10. residual pressure required by Section 7.8.
7.9.2.1 Standpipes from the lower zone shall be permitted to 7.10.1.2.3* Common supply piping shall be calculated and
be used to serve as automatic and independent supplies to sized to provide the required flow rate for all standpipes con-
upper zones. nected to such supply piping, with the total not to exceed the
maximum flow demand in 7.10.1.1.5.
7.9.3* For SYSTemw s ith two or more zones in which any por-
tion of the higher zones cannot he supplied by means of fire 7.10.1.2.4 Flows from additional standpipes as required by
department pumpers through a fire department connection, 7.10.1.1 shall not be required to be balanced to the higher
an auxiliary means of supply in the form of high-level water pressure at the point of connection.
storage with additional pumping equipment or other means 7.10.1.3 Combined Systems.
acceptable to the AH.I shall be provided.
7.10.1.3.1 For a building protected throughout by an approved
7.10 Flow Rates.
automatic sprinkler system, the system demand established by
7.10.1 Class I and Class III Systems. Section 7.7 and 7.10.1 also shall be permitted to serve the sprin-
kler ~}'Stel11.
7.10.1.1" Flow Rate.
7.10.1.3.1.1 Where the sprinkler system water supply require-
7.10.1.1.1 For Class I and Class III systems, the minimum ment. including the hose stream allowance as determined in
flow rate for the hydraulically most remote standpipe shall accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation oj Sprin-
be 500 gpm (1893 L/min), through two 2'h in. (65 mm) hler Systems, exceeds the system demand established by Section
outlets at one location. and the calculation procedure shall 7.7 and 7.10.1, the larger of the two values shall be provided.
be in accordance with 7.10.1.2,
7.10.1.3.1.2 A sepamtc sprinkler demand shall not he re-
7.10.1.1.2* Where a horizontal standpipe on a Class I or Class III quired.
system supplies three or more hose con nections 011any floor, the
minimum flow rate lor the hydraulically most demanding hori- 7.10.1.3.2 For a combined system in a building equipped with
zontal standpipe shall be 750 gpm (2840 L/min), and the calcu- partial automatic sprinkler protection. the flow rate required by
lation procedure shall be in accordance with 7.10.1.2.2. 7.10.1 shall be increased by an amount equal to the hydraulically
calculated sprinkler demand or 150 6'"Plll(568 L/min) for light
7.10.1.1.3 The minimum flow rate for additional standpipes hazard occupancies, or by 500 gplll (1893 L/min) tor ordinary
shall be 250 gpm (946 L/min) per standpipe for buildings hazard occupancies, whichever is less.
with floor areas that do not exceed 80,000 fi:.2 (7432 m2) per
floor. For buildings that exceed 80,000 ft~ (7432 m~) per flOOI', 7.10.2 Class II Systems.
the minimum flow rate for the additional standpipes shall be 7.10.2.1 Minimum Flow Rate.
500 gpm (1893 L/min) for the second standpipe and 250 gpm
(946 L/min) lor the third standpipe if the additional flow is 7.10.2.1.1 For Class II systems, the minimum flow rate for the
required for an unsprinklered building. hydraulically most remote hose connection shall be 100 gpm
(379 L/min).
7.10.1.1.4 Flow rates for combined systems shall be in accor-
dance with 7.10.1.3. 7.10.2.1.2 Additional now shall not be required where more
• than one hose connection is provided .
7.10.1.1.5 The maximum flow rate shall be 1000 gplll (3785 LI
min) for buildings that are sprinklered throughout, in accor- 7.10.2.2 Hydraulic Calculation Requirements.
dance with NFP.:\13. Standard Jor the Installation of Sprinkler S.vstI'PIlS.
7.10.2.2.1 Hydraulic calculations and pipe sizes for each
and 1250 gpm (4731 L/min) for buildings That are not sprin- standpipe shall be based on providing 100 gpm (379 L/min)
klered throughout, in accordance with NFPA 13. at the hydraulically most remote hose connection on the
Density (mmfmin)
20 41 61 81 102 122 143 163
5000 t t t I I I 465
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0,05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0,25 0.30 vi ally supervised and such supervision is monitored at an
Density (gpmfft2) c approved, constantly attended location.
et
FIGURE 11.2.3.1.1 Density/Area Curves. s) 11.2.3.1.4 Restrictions. When either the dcnsity/area
a method or room design method is used, the following shall
n apply:
Table 11.2.3.1.2 Hose Stream Allowance and Water Supply d (1)*For areas of sprinkler operation less than 1500 ft2 (139 nr')
Duration Requirements for Hydraulically Calculated Systems s used for li&ht and ordinary hazard occupancies. the density
u for 1500 ft~ (139 m") shall be used.
Total p (2) For areas of sprinkler operation less than 2500 ft2 (232 m2)
Combined er for extra hazard occupancies, the density fur 2500 ft2
Inside and vi (232 1112) shall be used.
Inside Hose Outside Hose s (3)*Unless the requirements of 11,2.3.1.4(4) are met for
Duration o buildings having unsprinklered combustible concealed
Occupancy gpm L/min gpm L/min (minutes) r spaces, as described in 8.15.1.2 and 8.15.6. the minimum
y area of sprinkler operation for that portion of the build-
Light 0.50.01' 0,189. 100 379 30 d ing shall be 3000 ft" (279 m''). The design area 01'3000 ft2
hazard 100 or 379 e (279 m2) shall be applied only to the sprinkler system or
vi portions of the sprinkler system that are adjacent to the
Ordinary 0.50,01' 0.189. 250 946 GO-90 c
hazar~i 100 01'379 qualifying combustible concealed space.
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Extra 0.50.01' 0,189. 50U 1893 90-120 s)
hazard 100 or 379 ar
~ 2010 Edition
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11.2.3.1.3 The lower duration values in Table 11.2.3.1.2 shall ri
be permitted where the sprinkler system waterflow alarm de- c
0.35 0 minimum area of sprinkler operation 01'3000 ft2 (2791112):
.
(a) Noncombustible and limited-combustible concealed
4
spaces with minimal combustible loading having no
0
access. The space shall be considered a concealed
space even with small openings such as those used as
return air for a plenum.
(b) Noncombustible and limited-combustible concealed
spaces with limited access and not permitting occu-
(4
pancy or storage of combustibles. The space shall be
)
considered a concealed space even with small open-
*
ings such as those used as return air for a plenum.
T
h (c) Combustible concealed spaces filled entirely with
e noncombustible insulation.
(d)*Light or ordinary hazard occupancies where non-
f combustible or limited-combustible ceilings are di-
o rectly attached to the bottom of solid wood joists or
l solid limited-combustible construction or noncom-
l bustible construction so ,IS to create enclosed joist
o spaces 160 ft3 ('1.5 1113) or less in volume, including
w space below insulation that is laid directly on top or
i within the ceiling Joists in an otherwise sprinklered
n concealed space.
g (e) Concealed spaces where rigid materials are used and
the exposed surfaces have a flame spread index of25
u or less and the materials have been demonstrated to
n not propagate lire more than 10.5 ft (3.2 111) when
s tested in accordance with ASTM E 84, Standard Test
p Method of Surface Bunting Characteristics of B uilding Ma-
r terials, or ANSI/UL 723, Standard [or Test for Surface
i Buming Chnracteristicsof Building Materials. extended
n for an additional 20 minutes in the form in which
k they are installed in the space.
l
(0 Concealed spaces in which the exposed materials are
e
r constructed entirely offire-retardant treated wood as
e defined by NFPA 703, Standard for Fir-e Rnaniant-
d Treated lIood and Fire-Retardant Cotllirrgs for B lIi/ding
Materials.
c (g) Concealed spaces over isolated small rooms not ex-
o ceeding 55 ft~ (5.1 m") in area.
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4.1.4.5 The containers connected to a manifold shall be as follows:
(1) For halocarbon clean agents in a multiple container system, all containers supplying the
same manifold outlet for distribution of the same agent shall be interchangeable and of
one select size and charge.
(2)* Inert gas agents shall be permitted to utilize multiple storage container sizes connected
to a common manifold.
4.1.4.6 Storage temperatures shall not exceed or be less than the manufacturer's listed limits.
External heating or cooling shall be used to keep the temperature of the storage container within
desired ranges.
4.2 Distribution.
4.2.1* Pipe.
4.2.1.1 * Pipe shall be noncombustible material having physical and chemical characteristics
such that its integrity under stress can be predicted with reliability. Special corrosion-resistant
materials or coatings shall be required in severely corrosive atmospheres. The thickness of the
piping shall be calculated in accordance with the ASME B31.1, Power Piping Code, 1998
edition, including B31.1a 1999 Addenda and B31.lb 2000 Addenda. The internal pressure used
for this calculation shall not be less than the greater of either of the following values:
(1) The normal charging pressure in the agent container at 70°F (21"C).
(2) Eighty percent of the maximum pressure in the agent container at a maximum storage
temperature of not less than l30°F (55°q, using the equipment manufacturer's
maximum allowable fill density, if applicable.
In no case shall the value used for the minimum pipe design pressure be less than that specified
in Table 4.2.1.1 (a) and Table 4.2.1.1 (b) for the conditions shown. For inert gas clean agents,
Table 4.2.1.1(a) shall be used. The pressure-reducing device shall be readily identifiable. For
halocarbon clean agents, Table 4.2.1.1(b) shall be used. If different fill densities, pressurization
levels, or higher storage temperatures, other than those shown in Table 4.2.1.1(a) or Table
4.2.1.1(b), are approved for a given system, the minimum design pressure for the piping shall
be adjusted to the maximum pressure in the agent container at maximum temperature, using the
basic design criteria specified in 4.2.1.1(1) and 4.2.1.1(2).
Table 4.2.1.1(a) Minimum Design Working Pressure for Inert Gas Clean
Agent System Piping
Minimum Design Pressure
Agent Container Agent Container at 70aF (21"C) of Piping
Pressure at 70°F Pressure at 130°F Upstream of Pressure
(21°C) (S5°C) Reducer
A ent psig kPa psig kPa si kPa
Copyright NFPA
5.7 Distribution System.
5.7.1 Rate of Application.
5.7.1.1 The minimum design rate of application shall be based on the quantity of agent
required for the desired concentration and the time allotted to achieve the desired concentration.
5.7.1.2* Discharge Time.
5.7.1.2.1 * For halocarbon agents, the discharge time required to achieve 95 percent of the
minimum design concentration for flame extinguishment based on a 20 percent safety factor
shall not exceed 10 seconds, or as otherwise required by the authority having jurisdiction.
5.7.1.2.2* For inert gas agents, the discharge time required to achieve 95 percent of the
minimum design concentration for flame extinguishment based on a 20 percent safety factor
shall not exceed 60 seconds, or as otherwise required by the authority having jurisdiction.
5.7.1.2.3* The discharge time period is defined as the time required to discharge from the
nozzles 95 percent of the agent mass, at 70°F (21°C), necessary to achieve the minimum design
concentration based on 20 percent safety factor for flame extinguishment.
5.7.1.2.4 Flow calculations performed in accordance with Section 5.2, or in accordance with
the listed pre-engineered systems instruction manuals, shall be used to demonstrate compliance
with 5.7.1.2.
5.7.1.2.5 For explosion prevention systems, the discharge time for agents shall ensure that the
minimum inerting design cdncentration is achieved before concentration of flammable vapors
reach the flammable range.
5.7.2* Extended Discharge. When an extended discharge is necessary to maintain the design
concentration for the specified period of time, additional agent quantities can be applied at a
reduced rate. The initial discharge shall be completed within the limits specified in 5.7.1.2. The
performance of the extended discharge system shall be confirmed by test.
5.8.2 The type of nozzles selected, their number, and their placement shall be such that the
design concentration will be established in all parts of the hazard enclosure and such that the
discharge will not unduly splash flammable liquids or create dust clouds that could extend the
fire, create an explosion, or otherwise adversely affect the contents or integrity of the enclosure.
Copyright NFP A