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Draft for Comments Only Doc. No.: FAD 2 (2472) C

भारतीय मानक मसौदा

वैक्यम
ु पैन चीनी (रोपपत श्वेत और पररि्षक्रुत चीनी) का वर्गीकरण
(भारतीय मानक 498 का छठा पुनरीक्षण)

Draft Indian Standard

GRADING FOR VACUUM PAN
(PLANTATION WHITE AND REFINED) SUGAR
(Sixth Revision of IS 498)

Not to be reproduced without the Last date for receipt of

permission of BIS or used as a standard comments is 15/10/2013
Sugar Industry Sectional Committee, FAD 2

FOREWORD
(Formal clause would be added later on)

This standard was first published in 1953 as a tentative standard. The standard was first revised in
1961; the tentative nature of the standard was removed and the number of grades was reduced
from 34 to 16. Subsequently, the standard was given its second revision in 1963, abolishing the
colour grade 27 and introducing a higher colour grade, namely, 30. However, the standard was
later amended to reincorporate the colour grade 27. Subsequently, in view of the improvement in
the quality of sugar produced in India, the Government of India decided to abolish colour grade
27 and grade 13 for crushed sugar thus reducing the number of grades to 15. In 1970 again, the
standard was revised to abolish colour grade 28 thus reducing the number of grades to 10 only.

Subsequently, the Government of India, on the recommendations of the Development Council for
Sugar Industry, decided to bring down the number of grades to 6, in two colour series, namely, 29
and 30 and for three grain sizes, namely, L, M and S. Later in 1996, keeping pace with the
improvement in the quality of sugar produced by the Indian Sugar Industry, the Development
Council for Sugar Industry decided to introduce a higher colour series, namely, 31 in L, M and S
grain sizes. Further from October 2002, the Development Council for Sugar Industry decided to
introduce an additional grade of sugar having grain size below 600 micron in 31 colour series
looking to the demand by soft drinks manufacturers. This grade is designated as SS - 31 (Super
Small). Subsequently amendments were issued to remove the 29 colour series in view of its
abolition by Department of Food & public distribution under Sugar (Control) order, 1966.

The present revision is being carried out to include grades for refined sugar, since the existing
standard doesn’t cover the grades for refined sugar which is being packed and sold under
different brand names and markings etc, leading to confusion in the minds of consumers. The
grading method for refined sugar is based on the status study conducted by National Sugar
Institute, Kanpur. Accordingly, twelve grades for Refined Sugar have been included which are
based on the particle size of the sugar crystal, measured in terms of Mean Aperture (MA) and
ICUMSA colour values. In case of Plantation White Sugar seven grades based on Crystal size and
Modulating Reflectance (MR) values have been specified. The particle size measurement is based
on the sieve test and determination of Mean Aperture (MA) and Coefficient of variation (CV) as
mentioned under method GS - 2 - 37 - 1994 in International Commission for Uniform Methods of
Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA). In prescribing the requirements for different grades of plantation
white sugar given in this standard, reference has been made to the material standard sealed
samples of sugar prepared by the National Sugar Institute, Kanpur. These sealed samples used for
visual comparison in determining the grade of sugar, are indispensable in following the grading
process laid down in this standard. The sets of such physical standards for visual comparison and
grade determination, which will be 7 in number for plantation white sugar will be issued by the
National Sugar Institute, Kanpur, in the same manner as in the past.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with,
the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded
off in accordance with 1S 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The
number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the
 Draft Indian Standard
GRADING FOR VACUUM PAN
(PLANTATION WHITE AND REFINED) SUGAR
(Sixth Revision of IS 498:2003)

1 SCOPE
This standard prescribes the requirements for grading of Plantation White Sugar and
Refined Sugar manufactured by the vacuum pan process and the methods for grading
such sugars on the basis of their grain size and colour in case Plantation White Sugar and
particle size and ICUMSA colour in case of Refined Sugar.

2 REFERENCES
The following standards contain provisions, which through reference in this text
constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated
were valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties to agreements based on this
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions
of the standards indicated below:
IS No. Title

460 (Part 1):1985 Specification for test sieves: Part 1 Wire cloth test sieves
(third revision)
1151:2003 Refined Sugar -Specification (second revision)
1943:1995 Textiles-A-twill Jute bags- Specification (second revision)
4905:1968 Methods for random sampling
5982:2003 Plantation white sugar- Specification (first revision)
11102: 1984 Specification for glass bottles for sugar standards
14968:2001 Textiles - High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) /
Polypropylene (PP) Woven Sacks for Packing 50 Kg/25 Kg
Sugar - Specification
15138:2010 Textiles - Jute Bags For Packing 50 Kg Sugar —
Specification (first revision)

3 TERMINOLOGY

For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.

3.1 Crystal Sugar (Plantation white & Refined)- Plantation white & Refined Sugar in
crystal form which have polarization and loss on drying conforming to IS 5982 and IS
1151 respectively.

3.2 ISS -- Indian Sugar Standard

3.3 NSI -- National Sugar Institute, Kanpur.

3.4 L, M, S and SS -- Large, Medium, Small and Super Small.

4 GRADES

4.1 There shall be separate grades for Plantation White Sugar and Refined Sugar.

4.2 Plantation White Sugar -- For Plantation White Sugar, there shall be 7 grades under
4 grain-size groups L, M, S and SS, each grain size group having two colours, namely, 31
and 30 except SS which shall have only 31 colour.

4.2.1 The 7 grades for Plantation White Sugar shall be as given below:
ISS Grade L -- 31
ISS Grade L -- 30
ISS Grade M -- 31
ISS Grade M -- 30
ISS Grade S -- 31
ISS Grade S -- 30
ISS Grade SS -- 31

NOTE -- The grades of Plantation White Sugar in terms of this standard may be designated, for
example, as Sugar ISS Grade L-31, ISS Grade L-30, etc. In the abbreviated form, the words 'Sugar
ISS' need not be used. However, the appellation for grain-size shall always precede that for colour,
for example, L-31, M-31 and not 31-L, 31-M, etc.

4.3 Refined sugar - For Refined Sugar, there shall be 12 grades under 4 grain-size
groups LR, MR, SR and SSR, each grain size group having three colours namely 1, 2
and 3.
4.3.1 The 12 grades for Refined Sugar shall be as given below:
ISS Grade LR -- 1
ISS Grade LR -- 2
ISS Grade LR -- 3
ISS Grade MR -- 1
ISS Grade MR -- 2
ISS Grade MR -- 3
ISS Grade SR -- 1
ISS Grade SR -- 2
ISS Grade SR -- 3
ISS Grade SSR -- 1
ISS Grade SSR -- 2
 ISS Grade SSR -- 3

NOTE - The grades of Refined Sugar in terms of this standard may be designated, for example, as
Refined Sugar ISS Grade LR-1, ISS Grade LR-2, etc. In the abbreviated form, the words 'Refined
Sugar ISS' need not be used. However, the appellation for grain-size shall always precede that for
colour, for example, LR-1, MR - 1 and not 1-LR, 1-MR etc.

5 REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Plantation White Sugar

5.1.1 For various grades of Plantation White sugar enumerated under 4.2.1 the
grain/particle size requirement shall be as given in Table 1.

5.1.2 For various grades of Plantation White sugar enumerated under 4.2.1 the colour
requirement shall be as given in Table 2.

5.1.3 In Plantation White Sugar, the sugar produced in a particular season shall be graded
in terms of ISS prepared by NSI for that particular season (see 8.2).

5.2 Refined Sugar

5.2.1 For various grades of crystal Refined Sugar enumerated under 4.3.1 the
grain/particle size requirement shall be as given in Table 4.

5.2.2 For various grades of crystal Refined Sugar enumerated under 4.3.1 the colour
requirement shall be as given in Table 5.

5.2.3 In Refined Sugar, the sugar produced shall be graded as per the procedure at 10.3
and 10.4 on the basis of Particle size and ICUMSA values determined at the factory
facilities.

NOTE- Crystal sugar which is below the specified requirements of Tables 1, 2, 4 and 5, either in
respect of grain/ particle-size or of colour, shall be designated as 'Below ISS Grade'

6 MATERIAL STANDARD SEALED SAMPLES FOR PLANTATION WHITE

SUGAR

6.1 The material standard sealed samples of Plantation White Sugar for visual
comparison consisting of the 7 grades enumerated under 4.2.1 shall be prepared and
supplied by NSI and the period of validity for such sealed samples shall be as notified by
NSI.

6.1.1 The sealed samples shall be contained in colorless square glass bottles of the design
and dimensions given in IS 11102. These bottles shall be thoroughly cleaned and dried
before filling. In order to prevent movement of sugar within the bottles, they shall be
tightly filled up to the neck and then corked. The cork shall be covered with paraffin wax,
over which a metal capsule shall be fixed with a capsuling machine. The capsule shall be
covered all round the neck of the bottle with a paper band. Over the joint of the paper
band, a seal bearing the mark 'ISS, NSI' shall be pasted. The paper band shall also bear
the signature of the Director, NSI.

6.1.2 The finished sugar standard bottle together with the metal capsule, paper band with
the seal and label indicating the grade number, season, etc, shall appear as given in IS
11102.

6.1.3 The sealed samples for each grade of crystal Plantation White Sugar shall contain
only the grains specified in Table 1, namely, 100 percent of the crystals conforming to
the requirements specified in Table 3.

Table 1 Requirements for Grain-Size Group of Crystal - Plantation White Sugar

(Clause 5.1)

Sl. Size Retained on Percent

No designation IS sieve Taylor Retained
Mesh by mass,
Max
1.70 mm 10 70
1 L 850 micron 20 95
600 micron 28 99

2 M 1.18 mm 14 70
600 micron 28 95
425 micron 35 99

3 S 600 micron 28 70
300 micron 48 95
212 micron 65 99

4 SS 212 micron 65 70
175 micron 80 95
147 micron 100 99

Table 2 Requirements for Colour of Crystal Sugar- Plantation White Sugar

(Clause 5.1)

Sl Colour Colour
No. Designation
1 31 Equal to or whiter than the sealed samples (see 6 ) of
Colour 31
2 30 Equal to or whiter than the sealed samples (see 6 ) of
Colour 30 but inferior to Colour 31
6.1.4 Along with the 7 sealed samples, an empty bottle of the same quality of glass and of
the same dimensions, together with a cork, shall be supplied.

6.1.5 All the sealed samples together with the empty bottle shall be kept in a wooden or
Polystyrene (thermacol) box. The box, when not in use, shall be kept closed in a cool and
dry place.

Table 3 Grain-Size Requirements for Crystal Plantation White Sugar in Sealed Samples
(Clause 6.1.3)

SI Grade Passing through Retained on

No. Designation IS Sieve Tyler Sieve IS Sieve Tyler Sieve
(in mm) (in mm) (in mm) (in mm)
i) L - 31 2.36 8 1.70 10
L - 30
ii) M - 31 1.70 10 1.18 14
M -30
iii) S- 31 1.18 14 0.60 28
S - 30
iv) SS - 31 0.60 28 0.212 65

7 REFINED SUGAR

7.1 The requirements for particle size group of refined sugar consisting of the 12 grades
enumerated under 4.3.1 shall be as specified in Table 4.

Table 4 Requirements for Particle-Size Group of Crystal - Refined Sugar

(Clause 5.3)

Sl No Particle Size Mean Aperture CV

Group MA (in mm) max
min
i) LR 2.00 20
ii) MR 1.4 20
iii) SR 0.7 25
iv) SSR 0.25 30

7.2 The requirements ICUMSA colour of refined sugar crystals consisting of the 12
grades under 4 grain size groups enumerated under 4.3.1 shall be as specified in Table 5.
 Table 5 Requirements for ICUMSA Colour of Crystal - Refined Sugar
(Clause 5.3)

Sl Colour
ICUMSA colour value
No Designation
i) 1 Less than or equal to 20
ii) 2 Greater than 20, less than or equal to 40
iii) 3 Greater than 40, less than or equal to 60

8 PACKING AND MARKING

8.1 Packing
Crystal sugar shall be packed in clean, sound and new A-twill jute/HDPE/PP bags (see IS
1943/IS 14968). The jute bags may be lined with polyethylene film. The mouth of each
bag shall be either machine-stitched or rolled over and hand- stitched. If hand-stitched,
the stitches shall be in two rows with at least 14 stitches in each row.
8.2 Marking
Each bag shall be suitably marked so as to give the following information:

a) Name of the Product

b) Name of the producer and place where the producer of sugar carries on the business
of manufacture of sugar by the vacuum pan;

c) Grade of sugar at the time of packing in terms of Indian Sugar Standards in force for
Plantation White Sugar and Refined Sugar at the time of manufacture, ensuring the
quality of sugar at the time of delivery.

d) Net quantity of sugar in the bag

e) Clarification Process adopted for the manufacture of crystal Sugar; e.g. In case of
Plantation White sugar; Double Sulphitation (DS), Double Carbonatation Double
Sulphitation (DCDS), Defco Melt Phosphotation (DMP) etc. in case of Refined
Sugar; Defco Melt Phosphotation with Ion Exchange (DMPIE), Defco Melt
Phosphotation with Powdered Activated Carbon (DMPPAC), Defco Melt
Phosphotation with Granular Activated Carbon (DMPGAC) etc

f) Month and Year of packing (year being the period beginning on the 1st of
October and ending on 30th day of September of the following year);

g) Batch or Code number

h) The words ‘Best before ………..’ (month and year to be indicated) and
 i) In the case of sugar obtained from the reprocessing of (l) Damaged or defective or
rori or brown sugar of any previous season, or (2) Sugar-house products left in
process at the end of any previous year and not already included in the production of
that year, the marking on the bag shall indicate the year in which it was re-
processed.

j) Any other requirements as specified under the Legal Metrology (Packaged

Commodities) Rules, 2011 and Food safety and standards (Food product standards
and Food Additives) regulation, 2011 and the Rules framed there under.

9 SAMPLING
Representative samples of crystal sugar shall be drawn and the criteria for conformity to
this standard shall be established, according to the method prescribed in Annex A.

10 TESTS
10.1 In case of Crystal Plantation White Sugar, the tests for the determination of grain-
size group shall be carried out as given in Annex B.

10.2 In case of demand from either the purchaser or the vendor for more accurate
determination of grain- size group than is possible by the method prescribed in Annex B,
the composite sample shall be subjected to sieve test by the method prescribed in
Annex C.

10.3 In case of Crystal Refined Sugar, the tests for the determination of particle size
group shall be carried out as given in Annex D and Annex E.

10.4 In case of dispute, the specific issue in dispute shall be referred to NSI. The decision
of NSI shall be final.

ANNEX A
(Clause 9)
SAMPLING OF GRADED SUGAR

A-I GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF SAMPLING

A-1.0 In drawing, preparing, storing and handling of samples, the following precautions
and directions shall be observed.

A-1.1 Samples shall be taken in a protected place not exposed to damp air, dust or soot.

A-2.2 The sampling instruments shall be clean and dry when used.

A-1.3 Precautions shall be taken to protect the samples, the material being sampled, the
sampling instruments and the containers for samples from adventitious contamination.
A-1.4 The samples shall be placed in clean, dry, and moisture-proof containers.

A-1.5 The sample containers shall be sealed airtight after filling, and marked with full
details of sampling, the date of sampling, grade of sugar, season of manufacture, name
and place of factory and other important particulars of the consignment.

A-1.6 Samples shall be protected from light as far as possible.

A-2 SCALE OF SAMPLING

A-2.1 Lot
All the bags in a single consignment declared to contain sugar of grade one shall
constitute a lot. If a consignment is declared to consist of different grades, the bags
belonging to the same grade shall be grouped together and each such group shall
constitute a separate lot.

A-2.1.1 Samples shall be tested separately for each lot for ascertaining the conformity of
the graded sugar.

A-2.2 The number of bags to be selected from the lot shall depend on the size (N) of the
lot and shall be in accordance with column 1 and 2 of Table 6.

A-2.2.1 These bags shall be selected at random from the lot to ensure the randomness of
selection, a random number table (see IS 4905) as agreed to between the purchaser and
the supplier shall be used. In case such a table is not available, the following procedure
shall be used. Starting from any bag, count all the bags as 1, 2, 3..... up to r and so on in
one order, where r is equal to the integral part of N/n [ N being the total number of bags
in the lot and n the number of bags to be selected (see Table 6 ). Every rth bag thus
counted shall be withdrawn.

A-2.2.2 In case the bags are arranged in stacks in a godown, the bags (see Table 6) may
be taken for sampling purposes from all exposed sides of the stack.

Table 6 Number of Bags to be Selected from the Lot for Sampling

(Clauses A-2.2, A-2.2.1 and A-2.2.2)

SI Lot Size No. of Bags to

No N be Sampled
. n
i) 8 to 25 8
ii) 26 to 100 13
iii) 101 to 500 32
iv) 501 to 1000 50
v) 1001 and above 80
A-3 NUMBER OF TESTS AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY

A-3.1 From each selected bag about 30 g in all of the material from the top, middle and
bottom parts shall be drawn. The material thus collected shall be mixed thoroughly to
constitute a composite sample of the lot. Cone and quarter this quantity repeatedly till
about 600 g of the material is left. If the number of bags is too small to obtain about 600
g of sample before sampling, more material shall be drawn in such a manner that all the
bags are equally represented. This composite sample shall be divided into three equal
parts; one for the purchaser, one for the supplier and the third for the referee; and sealed
air-tight with the particulars as given in A-1.5.

A-3.2 In case Plantation White Sugar the composite sample prepared as under A-3.1 shall
be tested for determination of its grade in the manner as prescribed in Annex B. The lot
shall be declared as conforming to that grade as obtained from B-2.2.1 or B-2.2.3.

A-3.3 In case of Refined Sugar the composite sample prepared as under A-3.1 shall be
tested for determination of its grade in the manner as prescribed in Annex D. The lot shall
be declared as conforming to that grade as obtained from D-2.2.1 or D-2.2.3.

ANNEX B
(Clauses 10.1, 10.2 and A-3.2)
METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF GRADE OF CRYSTAL PLANTATION
WHITE SUGAR

B-1 GENERAL

B-1.1 The tests for the determination of grade of Crystal Plantation White Sugar shall be
carried out by visual comparison of the sample under examination with the sealed
samples prepared and supplied by NSI (see 6). In cases where visual comparison is
inadequate, the grain-size group shall be determined by sieve test (see Annex C).

B-1.2 Visual comparison shall be made in diffused daylight and not in direct sunlight. In
the absence of natural illumination, white artificial light produced by daylight bulbs and
diffused by means of frosted glass may be used.

B-2 PROCEDURE

B-2.1 Place all the 7 bottles of the sealed samples for crystal Plantation White Sugar in
separate grain-size groups on a large sheet of white paper. In each grain-size group,
arrange the two colour grade bottles in the descending order of colour.

B-2.2 Fill the empty bottle supplied with the sealed samples to the neck with the
composite sample of sugar under examination (see A-3.1). Cork the bottle and by placing
it alongside the sealed samples, determine by visual comparison to which grain-size
group the majority of crystals in the sample under examination correspond to. Then,
similarly find out again by visual comparison, the sealed sample for colour in that
particular grain-size group to which the sample under examination corresponds.

B-2.2.1 The grade of this sealed sample shall be the grade of the sample under
examination.

B-2.2.2 In case the grain-size or colour or both do not correspond with anyone of the
sealed samples, one of the following situations may arise:
a) Matching may be obtained in respect of grain- size but not in respect of colour;
b) Colour may match, but not the grain-size; and
c) Neither the grain-size nor the colour may match.

B-2.2.3 The sample under examination would, in such situations, fail either between two
grain-size groups or two colours or both. In all these cases, the grade of the sample shall
be that of the grade of the next lower sealed sample. To illustrate - if the grain-size is
bigger than Group S but smaller than M and if the colour is better than 30 but inferior to
31, the grade for sugar under examination shall be S-30

ANNEX C
(Clause 10.2 and B- 1.1)
SIEVE TEST FOR DETERMINING GRAIN-SIZE GROUP OF CRYSTAL
PLANTATION WHITE SUGAR

C-1 GENERAL

For referee purposes and when visual comparison of grain-size group as given in Annex
B is considered inadequate, the grain-size group shall be determined by this method (see
also 9.2).

C-2 TEST SIEVES

Test sieves conforming to IS 460 (Part I) and of diameter 200 mm shall be used.

C-3 PROCEDURE

C-3.1 Determine approximately, by visual comparison, the highest grain-size group in

which the sample of sugar under examination is likely to fall. Select three test sieves
corresponding to that grade (see Table 1) and nest them together in the descending order
of the mesh size, with the coarsest sieve at the top and with a receptacle at the bottom.
Weigh accurately 100 g of sugar out of the composite sample (see A-3.1) of sugar under
examination and transfer this quantity on to the top sieve. Cover the top sieve, place the
nest of sieves and the receptacle in a suitable mechanically driven sieve-shaker and shake
it continuously for 5 min. Brush the fractions of sugar from each sieve separately into
weighing dishes and weigh the fractions accurately. The weight of each fraction in grams
shall be the percentage of sugar retained on different sieves from which cumulative
percentages may be calculated and compared with figures given in column 4 of Table 1
for the corresponding group. If the figures do not comply with the limits prescribed for
the grade in Table 1, repeat the above process of sieving by using a fresh quantity of 100
g of the composite sample and another set of three sieves of a lower or higher grade as
need be. The grain-size group thus determined shall be the grain-size group of the sample
under examination.

C-3.l.1 If the sample under examination is found below grain-size Group S, the sugar
shall be considered as 'Below ISS

ANNEX D
(Clause 10.3 and A-3.3)
METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF GRADE OF REFINED SUGAR

D-1 GENERAL

D-1.1 The tests for the determination of grade of crystal Refined Sugar shall be carried
out on the basis of particle size (see Table 4) and ICUMSA colour values of the sample
(see Table 5). The particle-size group shall be carried out by determination of particle
size distribution by sieving (see Annex E) and ICUMSA colour value shall be determined
by clause 8 of IS 15279:2009.

D-2 PROCEDURE

D-2.1 On the basis of particle size distribution in each grain-size group, determine grade
of the sample out of the three colour grades 1, 2 and 3 falling under different ICUMSA
colour groups as given at Table- 5.

Table: 7 Requirements for Particle Size Group and ICUMSA colour values for
Different grades of Refined Sugar

Sl Particle MA CV ICUMSA colour Value Grade

No Size min max
i) Group Less than or equal to 20 LR -1
ii) LR 2.00 20 Greater than 20, less than or equal to 40 LR -2
iii) Greater than 40, less than or equal to 60 LR -3
iv) Less than or equal to 20 MR -1
v) MR 1.40 20 Greater than 20, less than or equal to 40 MR -2
vi) Greater than 40, less than or equal to 60 MR -3
vii) Less than or equal to 20 SR -1
viii) SR 0.70 25 Greater than 20, less than or equal to 40 SR -2
ix) Greater than 40, less than or equal to 60 SR -3
x) Less than or equal to 20 SSR -1
xi) SSR 0.25 30 Greater than 20, less than or equal to 40 SSR -2
xii) Greater than 40, less than or equal to 60 SSR -3

D-2.2.1 The grade of this sample shall be the grade of the sample under examination.
D-2.2.2 In case the particle-size or ICUMSA colour or both do not correspond with
anyone of the grades, one of the following situations may arise:
a) Matching may be obtained in respect of particle-size but not in respect of
ICUMSA colour;
b) ICUMSA colour may match, but not the particle-size; and
c) Neither the particle-size nor the ICUMSA colour may match.

D-2.2.3 The sample under examination would, in such situations, fail either between two
particle-size groups or two ICUMSA colours or both. In all these cases, the grade of the
sample shall be that of the grade of the next lower grade. To illustrate - if the particle-size
is bigger than Group SR but smaller than MR and if the ICUMSA colour is greater than 20
but less than 21, then the grade for Refined Sugar sample under examination shall be
SR-2.

ANNEX E
(Clause 10.3 and D- 1.1)
DETERMINATION OF PARTICLE-SIZE GROUP OF CRYSTAL REFINED
SUGAR BY SIEVING

E-I GENERAL
This method will determine the particle size distribution of Refined Sugar.

E-2 TEST SIEVES

Test sieves conforming to IS 460 (Part I) and of diameter 200 mm shall be used.

E-3 PROCEDURE

E-3.1 Determine approximately, by visual comparison, the highest grain-size group in

which the sample of sugar under examination is likely to fall. Select at least 6-7
consecutive standard test sieves corresponding to that grade (see Table 5) so that not
more than 10% retention each, is obtained in either top most or bottom most sieves. Nest
them together in the descending order of the mesh size, (Table 9) with the coarsest sieve
at the top and with a receptacle at the bottom. Weigh accurately 100 g of sugar out of the
composite sample (see A-3.1) of sugar under examination and transfer this quantity on to
the top sieve. Cover the top sieve, place the nest of sieves and the receptacle in a suitable
mechanically driven sieve-shaker and shake it continuously for 5 min.

Table: 8 Recommended Tyler Mesh No Sieves for Sieving of Different grades of

Refined Sugar

Sl. Grades
No LR MR SR SSR
i) 8 14 20
ii) 6 10 16 24
iii) 8 12 20 28
iv) 10 14 24 35
 v) 12 16 28 48
vi) 14 20 32 65
vii) 16 24 35 100
viii) 20 32 48 120
ix) 24 35 65 150
Base Base Base Base
Brush the fractions of sugar from each sieve separately into weighing dishes and weigh
the fractions accurately. Sum the amounts retained by each sieve and base pan. This sum
must equal the weight of the test portion taken in C-3.1 to within ± 0.6 g. If the sum of
the weights is outside this limit the test should be repeated. The weight of each fraction in
grams shall be the percentage of sugar retained on different sieves from which
cumulative percentages may be calculated.

E-3.2 Calculation of Particle Size Distribution

The particle size analysis of a sample of sugar obtained by test sieving (E-3.1) can be
further mathematically treated to reduce the grain size distribution to just to two
parameters that are independent of sieve aperture sizes used in the analysis. The most
commonly used parameters are Mean Aperture (MA) and Coefficient of Variation (CV).

E-3.2.1 Butler Method

The Butler Method calculates the MA and CV directly from the fractions retained by
each sieve used in the sieve test. The method of calculation is illustrated in Table 10
below using aperture sizes and fractions retained.

Table: 9 Calculation of Mean Aperture (MA) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) by

Butler Method

Tyler Aperture Mean Retained f X d" MA - d" f(MA - d")2

Mesh size particle Fraction
(mm) size f
d"
7 2.830
8 2.380 2.605 0.32 0.834 -1.01 0.32
9 2.000 2.190 2.75 6.023 -0.59 0.96
12 1.410 1.705 71.03 121.106 -0.11 0.79
14 1.190 1.300 18.74 24.362 0.30 1.68
16 1.000 1.095 6.04 6.614 0.50 1.54
20 0.841 0.921 1.12 1.031 0.68 0.52
Total 100.00 159.969 5.8
MA = √ ∑ (f X d”) / ∑ f MA 1.600 CV = √ ∑ [f (MA - d")2]/
SD 0.241 ∑f
CV 15.065
The MA thus determined conforming to the CV mentioned in the group shall be the
particle size group of the sample under examination.

E-3.2.2 If the sample under examination is found below particle-size Group SSR, the
sugar shall be considered as 'Below ISS Grade'.