SAMPAGUITA SCENT AS MOSQUITO REPELLANT

A Research Proposal Presented to the Senior High School Department

Baliuag University
Baliwag, Bulacan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Empowerment Technology of the
Senior High School

Vanessa A. Santos
Rona Marie M. Esperanza

ENGTECH-3
August 2019
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

 To give a better and health caring insecticides.

 To have an affordable alternative for chemical insecticides.
 To repel mosquitoes and to prevent diseases coming from mosquitoes that results in death.
 To protect your family and love ones in the real danger of mosquitos like malaria and
dengue.

RESEARCH PLAN

Since this study aims to give a solution to a serious problem of the environment, the
researchers give an easy and affordable materials and equipment. In yielding sampaguita scent
candles, the materials, equipment, and procedures used are the following:

1.1 Sampaguita flower

1.2 Used candle wax
1.3 Strings cutted into 5 inches long
1.4 Ceramic bowl
1.5 Almirol
1.6 Container
1.7 Kettle
1.8 Stirrer

Procedures
1. Place cutted sampaguita flower in a ceramic bowl. Stir it until
2. Then place the used candle wax on the kettle. Wait until it dissolved.
3. Put it on the container with the stirred sampaguita and pour about 10 drops of water.
4. Put the strings about 5 inches long in the middle part of the candle.
5. Then wait for about 30-50 minutes until it dry.
 CHAPTER I

Introduction

Mosquitoes had been the problem in the environment, especially in the Philippines, it
already occurs nationally and year-round. Mosquitos appear when rainy reason. When the infected
mosquito bites a person, the virus enters that person’s bloodstream, which is the start dengue virus.
So to avoid dengue virus, the study will provide an effective way to repel mosquitos by using
Jasmine flower.

Jasmine flower is a very popular fragrant oil that has compounds of benzyl acetate, linalool,
and several alcohols. The species of Jasmine is native to Southern Asia, such as India, Myanmar,
Singapore, and Indonesia. It serve as the national flower in the Philippines. Jasmine flower mostly
found at San Pedro, Laguna.

Jasmine scent acts as barrier to repel mosquitos. It is known as anti-bacterial, antiseptic,

and antiviral. It eases stress and depression, alleviates pain and inflammation, and eases cough and
cold. It also serve as best alternative medicines. The scent of Jasmine flower will act as a barrier
for mosquitos, this helps the environment in lessening the spreading of mosquitos. By lessening
mosquitos can help to avoid the dengue virus that has been the serious problem in the environment.

The researchers decide to make an eco-friendly product to help environment in preventing

possible diseases from insecticides using herbal insecticides that is affordable and health caring
instead of using toxic products that may cause danger to our planet earth.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The result of the research may benefit certain groups and the benefits they may be able to
gain are as follows:
Environment. The outcome of the research may contribute in minimizing the spread of
mosquito, diseases like dengue, malaria, Zika virus, yellow fever and more, especially in
the Philippines which is its serious problem.
Families. The research provide an affordable and health caring alternative for chemical
insecticides that would protect them from the real danger of mosquito.
Students. The research may provide basis for a more advanced analysis to help students,
especially those whose profession is pharmacy.
For future researchers. The research will be a useful reference and will provide as a
guidance in conducting a research. The research may help them to gain more knowledge
and lessen the difficulties.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The researchers conducted research to provide a solution for the serious problem in the
environment that is environmental friendly which will bring green living that may help conserve
resources like water, soil, and energy. Mosquitoes had been the problem in the environment,
especially in the Philippines, it already occurs nationally and year-round. Mosquitos appear when
rainy reason. When the infected mosquito bites a person, the virus enters that person’s
bloodstream, which is the start dengue virus.
The researchers will compare the effects and benefits of the product to other products. The
result in this study would be based on observational skills of the researchers.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This part of the study presented the review of related literature about sampaguita scent. It
consists of fact and principles to present the study is related. Each review of related literature caters
variables involved in this study. Furthermore, these review of related literature provides
intellectual context that supports the study.

Patent Literature on Mosquito Repellent Inventions which Contain Plant Essential Oil

Plants have historically been valuable sources of agents for the control of insects [3, 7].
They are the sources of the natural insecticidal and larvicidal substances nicotine (Nicotiana L.
spp.), quassin (Quassia amara L.), rotenone and rotenoids (Derris Lour. spp. and Lonchocarpus
Kunth spp. roots), pyrethrins like chrysanthamic acid and its derivatives present in pyrethrum
[extracts of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Vis. flowers] and azadirachtin (Azadirachta
indica A. Juss. seed kernel). These and other natural insect control agents have served as the basis
for the development of the structurally-related synthetic pyrethroid, nicotinoid and rotenoid classes
of insecticides and piperonyl butoxide synergist. Also, pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide
synergism are the basis for a number of commercially available mosquito control products in use
today [3].

An online survey of personal mosquito-repellent strategies

Mosquito repellents is one of the effective way that can used to prevent and have some
personal protection for mosquito bites. According to Brower 2001, mosquitos are is a organism
that contains a modified genetic materials for infectious diseases that can cause a widespread
epidemics and human morbidity. This research study conducted a survey to determine the control
strategies and repellents that people use against mosquito. In this study the method use is online
survey that anonymously collected through the online portal Survey Monkey (Palo Alto, CA,
USA). The survey result that the most commonly used repellent spary was the DEET with total of
48% but effective repellent products is often developing in some other countries. The people with
a high risk of vector-borne disease infections often have no or low ability to protect themselves
(Benelli & Mehlhorn, 2016).A mosquito repellent methods that may or may not be more effective
and practical across diverse global settings. In many cases the efficacy of these methods has not
been evaluated in scientific experiments. This study offers opportunities for further research into
unconventional mosquito repellent methods to determine their effectiveness. Brower (2001)
Brower V. Vector-borne diseases and global warming: are both on an upward swing? Scientists
are still debating whether global warming will lead to a further spread of mosquitoes and the
diseases they transmit.

Effective mosquito repellent from plant based formulation

All over the developing countries in the tropical region mosquito menace has been very
acute leading to many diseases. Many chemicals that are extremely harmful for human beings have
been used for the purpose of Mosquito repellency or killing, especially in human health. Recently,
commercial repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing
popularity among consumers, as these are commonly perceived as “safe” in comparison to long-
established synthetic repellents. The paper describes how plant-based repellents for mosquitoes
protect personal measures. The development of new natural products is the need of the hour based
on the knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies. The
product developed that offers high repellency as well as good consumer safety. Thus this plant-
based repellent made from 5 plant leaves has promising results in the field study.

Exposure Of Children To Deet And Othertopically Applied Repellents

In general population of North America, insect repellents are fairly commonly used (Fradin
& Day, 2000). It can still cause adverse reactions, even though insect repellents help in warding
off disease causing insect vectors, which may be acute or chronic (Edwards & Johnson, 1987;
Hayes & Laws, 1991). The parents suggested that Insect repellent products should be applied more
frequently for a longer duration based in anecdotal reports. Hence, there is a need to document the
exposure profiles of children to these chemicals. Because acute, chronic, and allergic effects have
been suggested to be associated with the application of some of these products (Edwards &
Johnson, 1987; Hampers, Okar & Leikin, 1999; Lipscomb, Cramer & Lefkin, 1992; Osimitz &
Murphy, 1997; Petrucci & Sardini, 2000; Qiu, Jun & McCall, 1998; Roland, Jan & Rigg, 1985;
Sudakin & Trevathan, 2003), the incidence of such symptoms should also be studied in children
who are exposed. However, it is to be noted that the documented toxic effects due to insect
repellents have all either been on lower animals or when the route of exposure was oral ingestion.

There is no literature about the exposure profile of the insect repellents and adverse effects,
so the study will provide a detailed profile of exposure of children to the insect repellents and
analyze reported symptoms in the study population.

Development of Herbal Mosquito Repellent Formulations

The study was conducted to determine the mosquito repellent activities to obtain safe and
efficient herbal mosquito repellent formulations by combinations of the selected plant materials.
The study used Azadirachta indica1 seeds that is socked in hexane overnight and extract was
filtered and the filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporator. They also used socked and extract
Vitex negundo2 leaves with a same procedure using hexane and ethanol solvents. The process
used was Hydro-distillation that is performed for Ocimum sanctum3 leaves, Curcuma longa4
rhizomes and Citrus sinensis5 peels using Clevenger-arm apparatus in order to obtain the essential
oils. Three replicates were carried out for each extract/essential oil containing ethanol solutions.

Individual extracts and essential oils after analyzing the mosquito repellent gel and
mosquito repellent spray which contained 16% (V/V%) active ingredients. Outdoor and indoor
field trials were conducted in two days from 5 am to 11 am by separately applying the mosquito
repellent gel and the mosquito repellent spray on volunteers’ legs. The gel and the spray showed
100% mosquito repellency for outdoor and indoor field trials which were carried out for six hours
each day for two days.
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