Table of Contents

CHAPTER I ............................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1
A. Background ......................................................................................................... 1
B. Research Questions ............................................................................................. 2
C. Objective of the Research ................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER II ............................................................................................................ 3
DISCUSSION........................................................................................................ 3
A. Definition of Morphology ................................................................................... 3
B. Types of Morphology ......................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER III........................................................................................................... 6
CLOSING ............................................................................................................. 6
A. Conclusion.................................................................................................. 6
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 7
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
A. Background
People must understand structure of language and can use it as well
as possible; language is needed by people so far they need to interaction
with each other. Therefore, we must understand it. People not only
understand but also how the way uses a good language to commutate each
other. As we see today, communication is very need by all people because
first tool of interaction is language. Wedrana Mihalicek et al (2011: 7) said
“when you use language, you use it to communicate an idea from your mind
to the mind of some else”.
Human life in the world need to interaction with the other people to
cover our need. In addition, we cannot life as individual in this world and
we must make interaction and communication each other. In their
interaction and communication, we must use tool to understand what we
want. Language as a tool of communication so if we understand and be able
to use it as well as we can interact and communicate with each other but if
we do not understand and cannot use it as well as, we cannot interact and
communicate with them.
As we know in our interaction, language as tool of communication to
express our need like thoughts and feeling and this fact like A.S Hornby
(1995: 662) say “language is system of sounds and word used by human to
express their thoughts and feeling“. Therefore, we must learn language to
understand people’s thoughts and feeling and to understand and use
language we must understand the pattern because language has some of
pattern to construct it sentence, phrase and word, like how to mike like
become dislike. English is one of popular language in this era and English
has some of pattern to construct it word, phrase and sentences.
One of pattern in English language about how a word has same
meanings because of addition some of Alfabates in beginning or end of
word. This pattern called morphology in English. Morphology in English
language has different processes and some of them make new meaning and
part of speech

1
B. Research Questions

Based on the background above the writer wont to take the research
questions as follow:

1. What is the definition of Morphology?

2. How much types of Morphology?

C. Objective of the Research

The objectives of this research based on research problem above are:
1. To know the definition of morphology
2. To know the types of morphology

2
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Morphology
A word Morphology is from Greece “morphe“ that has meaning
“forms”. It means the morphology is a science of language that focuses
on language and how that language special word formed. Morphology
is the study of the basic building blocks of meaning in language.
Morphology is the study of how words are put together or “shaped” by
using morphemes, which include prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
In Biology, Morphology is the study of the shape of organisms,
especially animals and plants and includes their parts. Likewise in
linguistics, morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and
their relationship to other words in the same language. It analyzes the
structure of words and parts of words, such as stems, root words,
prefixes, and suffixes. Morphology also looks at parts of speech,
intonation and stress, and the ways context can change a words
pronunciation and meaning. Morphology differs from morphological
typology, which is the classification of languages based on their use of
words, and lexicology, which is the study of words and how they make
up a languages vocabulary.

B. Types of Morphology
a) Free Morphemes
Free morphemes is a morphemes that can stand alone without having
to be attached to other morphemes. Free morphemes have several
basic types, namely:
 Verb
 Noun
 Adjective
 Preposition
 Article
 Conjunction
 Pronoun
Free morphemes are divided into 2, namely Lexical Morphemes
(open-class) and Functional Morphemes (closed-class).
1. Lexical Morphemes

3
 Lexical morphemes is a morphemes that can stand alone and it
can show what we mean. Lexical morphemes divided into 3
parts:
 Verb: Sit, eat, see, etc.
 Noun: Man, chair, desk, etc.
 Adjective: Beautiful, bad, happy, etc.
2. Functional Morphemes
Functional morphemes is a morphemes that can stand alone but
can not show what we mean clearly. Functional morphemes
divided into 4 parts:
 Conjunction: But, and, or, nor, etc.
 Preposition: In, on, at, of, under, etc.
 Article: A, an, the.
 Pronoun: She, he, it, I, you, they, and we.
b) Bound Morphemes
Bound morphemes are morphemes that cannot stand alone but must
be attached to other morphemes. Bound morphemes are divided into
2, namely derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes.
1. Derivational Morphemes
Derivational morphemes are morphemes which if bound/affixed
to other morphemes will form new morphemes/words or to form
words with grammar (lexeme) that are different from the
previous word. There are 2 kinds of derivational, which can be
found in the beginning of a word (prefixes) or in the end of a
word (suffixes), in Indonesian we usually know it as affixes.
Example:

Beautiful (adj)

Beauty(Noun) ful (+morphomes)

“ful” is derivational morphemes suffixes

(in the end of a word) because it change
word from noun lexeme to adjective
lexeme.

4
2. Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are bound/affixed to
other morphemes only to identify grammar, not to produce new
words or form words with grammar (lexeme) that are different
from the previous word.
Example:

Book Books

(Noun) (Noun)
Singular plural

“book” change be “books”

because to show there are many
books (plural), so we add “s”.
But, it not change the meaning of
book it has same lexeme(noun)

5
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. Conclusion
Morphology is one aspect in linguistic specially studies about a word
and linguistic studies about language, to make a good language we must
study about morphology because morphology is one of basics thing in
linguistic. Morphology is very important for every people, because if we
understand morphology, we will easy to make new word.
Free morphemes are those that can stand alone as words.Free
morphemes are also referred as roots.Bound morphemes can occur only in
combination—they are parts of a word.Bound morphemes are also referred
to as affixes, among which there are prefixes, Infixes, and suffixes.

Inflectional morphemes, on the other hand, do not change meanings or

parts of speech, but instead simply make minor grammatical changes
necessary for agreement with other words. Derivational morphemes create
new words. They derive new words from other words

6
 REFERENCES

Wikipedia (2019, 25 June). Morphology (linguistics).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)

Setiawati, Ning (2019, 5 January). Linguistic : Pengertian Morphology,

Pembagian, Jenis, Dan Contohnya Dalam Bahasa Inggris.
https://www.ilmubahasainggris.com/linguistic-pengertian-morphology-
pembagian-jenis-dan-contohnya-dalam-bahasa-inggris/