Lecture 21

Power Electronics
Lecture # 22
 Contents of Today`s Lecture:

 Three phase half wave thyristor controlled rectifier
 Performance parameters of a three phase Half- wave converter:
1. THYRISTOR as controlled rectifier with resistive load:
A thyristor can be used as a rectifier thus giving the operation of a phase controlled rectifier.
The output voltage and current depends on the type of load. In this case, we have resistive load at output
which is ready to accept the voltage when the thyristor anode is at positive potential with respect to
cathode ( during +ve half cycle). The waveform below shows the voltage at output in case of pure diode
and in case of thyristor controlled rectifier.
In case of pure diode, it conducts during positive half cycle and the output is positive half cycle of the sin
wave.
In case of thyristor, when it is fired at angle α, it starts conducting and the output voltage apperas across
the load.
Waveform (resistive load):

It is clear from the waveform that the resistive load is ready to accept the voltage during positive half
cycle both in case of pure diode and thyristor. While during negative half cycle of the input supply, as the
anode is at negative potential with respect to cathode, so thyristor (and diode ) will not conduct and will
behave as open circuit. Consequently, no output voltage appears across the load during negative half
cycle.
Thyristor controlled rectifier with inductive load:

Waveforms (inductive load:
The arrows in red show the conduction period of pure diode and thyristor respectively.
Thyristor controlled rectifier with battery load:
Let we have a battery as load of 4V at the output. In this case the battery load is not ready to accept the
input voltage unless it receives a voltage greater than its own voltage. In this case, when the value of
applied voltage will be greater than 4V, only then the voltage will appear across the battery load.
It can be clearly seen from the waveform below, that in case of pure diode when the the battery receives a
voltage greater than 4V, the conduction starts and the output appears across the load.
Similarly, in case of thyristor, when it is fired at angle α and the battery load gets a voltage greater than
4V, conduction starts and the output voltage appears across the load.
Bridge Rectifier or single phase full converter:
The circuit of bridge rectifier is shown below. During positive half cycle of the input supply, thyristors
T1and T2 are forward biased and when we fire these thyristors simultaneously at α = ωt, the load is
connected to input supply through T1 and T2
During negative half cycle, thyristors T3 and T4 are forward biased and firing of T3 and T4 applies the
supply voltage across T1 and T2 as reverse blocking voltage, so T1 nd T2 are turned off due to line or
natural commutation and load current is transferred from T1 and T2 to T3 and T4.
The waveworms of the voltage and current can be seen as below in case of resistive and inductive laod.
Waveforms:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Description of the waveform:
It can be seen from waveform (a) that in case of resistive load, when the thyristors T1 and T2 are fired at
α =0, T1 and T2 start conducting and the output voltage appears across the load. Similarly, during
negative half cycle, thyristors T3 and T4 start conducting and rectified voltage appears across the load
during the period π to 2π.
As the output voltage appears across the load during both positive and negative half cycles, so the current
iR remains constant throughout during 02π.
In waveform (b), considering the load as resistive, we are firing T1 and T2 at some positive non-zero
angle α, so T1 and T2 start conducting at α during positive half cycle, similarly, during negative half
cycle, T3 and T4 are forward biased, as we are again firing the thyristors T3 and T4 at angle π+α, so
rectified voltage appears across the load.
As, we are firing thyristors T1, T2 with a delay at α and T3, T4 at π+α, so during 0α, no current passes
through the load. At α, when conduction starts, current passes through the load. Similarly, during π to
π+α, the current iR is 0, when conduction starts at π+α, current again starts to flow through the load. This
can also be seen from waveform above.
In waveform (c), considering the load as inductive, when thyristors T1 and T2 are fired at α, conduction
starts, but at π, when input voltage gets negative, due to inductive load, during π to π+α, negative voltage
appears across the load, similarly when T3 and T4 are fired at π+α, rectified voltage appears across the
load.
As, constant current flows throughout during 0 2π, so the inductor current iL is continuous.
Considering the load as inductive, during the period from α to π, input voltage Vs and the input current is
are positive. So, the power flows from the supply to the load. The converter is said to be operated in
rectification mode.
During the period from π to π+ α, the input voltage Vs is negative and the input current is is positive; and
the reverse power flows from the load to the supply. The converter is said to be operated in inversion
mode. This converter is extensively used in industrial applications up to 15kW. This converter provides
two quadrant of operation.
Performance parameters of a Single phase Full Converter:
In case of resistive Load:
1) Vdc = ∫
( )
 Vdc = where α = 0  (firing angle)
In case of inductive Load:
1) Vdc = ∫
 Vdc =
At α = 0;
Vdc max = 2Vm/
At α = ;
Vdc min = -2Vm/
2) VN = Vdc/ Vdc max
Where VN is the normalized voltage which tells us that Vdc is how far from the maximum value of Vdc (i-e
Vdc max)
VN = ( )
VN =
3) Vrms = √ ∫ ( )
 Vrms =
√

Lecture 21

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 21

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 21

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Power Electronics

 Contents of Today`s Lecture:

1. THYRISTOR as controlled rectifier with resistive load:

Waveform (resistive load):

Thyristor controlled rectifier with inductive load:

In case of resistive Load:

In case of inductive Load:

Vdc max = 2Vm/

2) VN = Vdc/ Vdc max

You might also like