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Blue biotechnology

new opportunities for EU


Limits, achievements and
perspectives

J. QUERELLOU, PhD
Ifremer, France
What is blue biotechnology?
- Drugs
Products - Elicitors
Marine living Aquaculture - Biofuels
resources - Food
- Enzymes
- Biopolymers
- Organic
compounds
- Basic research
Biotechnology Services - Ecosystem
Toolbox: Management
- biodiscovery - Bioremediation
- mol. biology
- biochemistry
- microbiology Global market: B€ 1.9
- …omics Annual growth: 10%
- etc.

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Blue biotechnology and food issue?

1. Optimisation of aquaculture production systems


- omics applied to aquaculture
- high opportunities of transgenic products BUT?
- improved microbial control of farming and health
- quality/traceability/management of fish/shellfish

2. Optimisation of aquaculture products contents for health


- beneficial effects of sea-food
- optimisation of composition
through control of feed quality
- production of neutraceuticals

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Blue biotechnology and energy issue?
1. Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)?
- huge potential and high economical impacts
- controversial results and no clear strategy in Europe
- future policy to be clarified and recommendations
for research discussed
2. Marine products for the second biofuel generation?
- Enzymes from marine organisms degrading
lignocellulosic products
- Integration of marine enzymes in industrial process
3. MB and the third biofuel generation based on microalgae
- High interest to produce biodiesel
- Initiatives in R&D in the USA and Europe
- Economical en environmental sustainability?
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Blue biotechnology and health issue?
1. Achievements of the last 20 years
- Prialt™, Yondelis, and close to 20 compounds
under trials
- Renewal of interest for natural products
2. But many constraints and challenges
- legal aspects, access, property rights, IP
- quality of marine resources, id, sustainab.
- dereplication and shared information
- strutural costs from marine products
- strategies of SMEs and big pharmas
3. Antibioresistance and deficit of novel
antibiotics: toward post-antibiotic era?

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Blue biotechnology and
environmental issues?
1. Biofouling/antifouling
- critical env. issue and huge economic importance
- promising results but no commercial hits
- need for research and integration of green AF and
nanostructured coating
2. Detection of marine bacteria, viruses, toxic compounds
- active community for designing molecular tools
DNA probes, PCR solutions, SPR in situ etc…
3. Monitoring of chemicals
- need for efficient biological assessment tools
- model organisms as integrating tools?
4. Bioremediation
- oil spills: progress and limits. Policies?

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Blue biotechnology
as a source of innovative products?
1. Proteins and enzymes (notably extremophiles)
- Large range of applications: white biotech, feed,
energy, environment, etc.
- Need for improved high throughput direct
screening from crude sample
2. Biopolymers (EPS, PHA, etc.)
- Large range of applications: cosmetics,
health, bioremediation, etc.
3. Biomaterials
- Novel field of research

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Blue biotechnology: vision for the future
By 2020 European Union will develop and
apply advanced tools,
platforms and infrastructures and support
to Marine Biotechnology to provide a
significant contribution to addressing key
societal challenges of the next decades in
the areas of food and energy,
development of novel drugs and
treatments for human health and the
sustainable use and management of the
seas and oceans.
- Naive if not supported by an appropriate strategy and a
strong implementation plan and constant support of all key players
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Blue biotechnology
what conditions for success?
- Access to resources
- property rights in EEZ and the zone and IP
- no common policy except general trend to exclusive protection
- sustainability of resources
- shared information and dereplication

-Shared or distributed infrastructures and equipments


- Network of marine stations (ASSEMBLE and EUROFLEETS…)
- Omics infrastructures
- Biobanks and biological resources centres

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Blue biotechnology: what strategy?
Establish completely new mechanisms and policies to circumvent
the high risks of investments in critical novel drugs from marine
resources, notably antibiotics

Improve policies in property rights and IP

Develop a common European position


on regulations of access benefit sharing
and exploitation of marine
genetic resources

Support the emergence of joint


research groups acad/industry
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Blue biotechnology challenge

Special thanks to
Jan-Bart Calewaert, ESF
and MB WG members
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