Mango Leaf Diseases Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network
Mango Leaf Diseases Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network
Mango Leaf Diseases Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network
Abstract
The identification of plant diseases plays a vital role in
taking disease control measures in order to improve the qual-
ity and quantity of crop yield. Automation of plant diseases
is very much beneficial as it reduces the monitoring work in
large farms. Leaves being the food source for plants, the
early and accurate detection of leaf diseases is important.
This work includes a deep learning based approach that au-
tomates the identification of leaf diseases in Mango plant
species. Five different leaf diseases such as Anthracnose,
Alternaria leaf spots, Leaf Gall, Leaf webber, Leaf burn of
Mango has been identified in a dataset consisting of 1200
images of diseased and healthy mango leaves. The proposed
CNN model achieves an accuracy of 96.67% for identifying
the leaf diseases in mango plant thereby showing the feasi-
bility of its usage in real time applications.
Keywords:Deep learning, Convolutional Neural Network,
Mango leaf diseases.
1 Introduction
Mango also called as The King of Fruits is one of the important
fruit crops cultivated in different countries around the world. India
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produces about 40% of the global mango production and ranks first
among the worlds mango producing countries. It is estimated that,
pests and diseases destroy approximately 3040% of the crop yield
[1]. The common diseases of mango plant includes gall infestation,
webbers attack, mango malformation, stem miner, anthracnose, al-
ternaria leaf spots etc. Such diseases are caused by pathogens like
bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites etc, and even unfavourable environ-
mental conditions. Disease in leaf affects the photosynthesis process
thereby leading to plant death. The symptoms and the affected leaf
area determine the type of disease. In earlier days, identification
of plant diseases was usually carried out by frequent monitoring of
plants by farming experts. In case of small farms it was possible to
identify the diseases easily and take immediate preventive on con-
trol measures. But in the case of large farms, it is time consuming
and expensive. Therefore looking for an automatic, accurate, fast
and less expensive technology for plant disease identification is of
great importance. Image processing and machine learning are most
popular and widely used techniques adopted for plant leaf disease
detection and classification. Deep learning using Neural Networks
is a part of the wider family of machine learning. It has spread
its arms in various fields providing a huge variety of applications.
The development of such computer technology can help farmers to
monitor and control diseases in plants.
2 RELATED WORKS
Leaf disease detection has been a long research topic for the past
few decades. In order to improve the recognition rate of disease
diagnosis, researchers have studied many techniques using machine
learning and pattern recognition. The techniques include machine
learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Network [2], Ar-
tificial Neural Network [3], Back Propagation Neural Network [4],
Support Vector Machine [5] and other image processing methods
[6,7]. In the above techniques, Convolutional Neural Network per-
forms both feature extraction and classification itself. Others meth-
ods use Color Co-occurrence matrix [8], Angle Code Histogram [4],
Zooming algorithm [9], Canny edge detector [6] and various other
algorithms for feature extraction. Research works have been carried
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using the proposed CNN model, followed by the results of this work
in Section 5. Section 6 deals with the conclusion.
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m
1X
σB2 = (xi − µB )2
m i=1
where, m is the mini-batch size. In this way network training can
be made faster by making the optimization problem easier.
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P
k
where, ≤ P (cr |x, θ) ≤ 1 and P (cj |x, θ) = 1 P (x, θ|cr ) is the
j=1
conditional probability of an instance given class r and is the class
priori probability. The equation (3.9) can also be written as follows,
The leaf images of size 256x256x3 are given as input to the input
layer. Data augmentation is performed in order to increase the
dataset by generating artificial data. The images are then passed
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5 RESULTS
The proposed CNN model was trained with 100 images per class
totally accounting for 600 training images. The remaining 600 im-
ages constituting of 100 images per class was tested. The testing
accuracy resulted in 96.67%. The confusion matrix is shown in
Table 2
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6 CONCLUSION
The proposed CNN based leaf disease identification model is ca-
pable of classifying 5 different diseases in mango leaves from the
healthy one. Since CNN does not require any tedious preprocess-
ing of input images and hand crafted features, faster convergence
rate and good training performance, it is preferred for many appli-
cations rather than the conventional algorithms. The classification
accuracy can be further increased by providing more images in the
dataset and tuning the parameters of the CNN model. But ob-
taining the optimal parameters for a CNN model is still a research
challenge.
References
[1] http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-
biological-sciences/plant-diseases.
[2] Yang Lu, Shujuan, Nianyin Zeng, Yurong Liu, Yong Zhang,
(2017), Identification of Rice diseases using Deep Convolu-
tional Neural Networks , Elsevier Journal on Neurocomputing.
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[13] Alvaro Fuentes, Sook Yoon, Sang Cheol Kim, Dong Sun Park,
(2017), A Robust Deep-learning-Based Detector for Real-Time
Tomato Plant Diseases and Pests Detection. Sensors, 17(9):
2022.
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