Scuba Diving: Equipment

Scuba diving is a form of underwater diving where the diver uses a self-contained underwater
breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe

underwater. Scuba divers carry their own source of breathing gas, usually compressed air,
allowing them greater independence and freedom of movement than surface-supplied divers,
and longer underwater endurance than breath-hold divers.[1] Open circuit scuba systems
discharge the breathing gas into the environment as it is exhaled, and consist of one or more
diving cylinders containing breathing gas at high pressure which is supplied to the diver through
a regulator. They may include additional cylinders for decompression gas or emergency
breathing gas.Closed-circuit or semi-closed circuit rebreatherscuba systems allow recycling of
exhaled gases. The volume of gas used is reduced compared to that of open circuit; therefore, a
smaller cylinder or cylinders, may be used for an equivalent dive duration. Rebreathers extend
the time spent underwater compared to open circuit for the same gas consumption, they
produce fewer bubbles and less noise than scuba which makes them attractive to covert military
divers to avoid detection, scientific divers to avoid disturbing marine animals, and media divers
to avoid bubble interference.
Equipment:
MASK
SNORKEL
FINS
BCD
WEIGHT SYSTEM
REGULATOR
SPG (SUBMERSIBLE PRESSURE GAUGE)
DIVE COMPUTER
DIVE WATCH
DIVE KNIFE
DIVE LIGHT
SCUBA GEAR BAGS
WETSUITS AND DRY SUITS
UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY AND VIDEO EQUIPMENT
SCUBA ACCESSORIES
DIVE FLAG AND FLOAT
SIGNALING DEVICES
SCUBA TANK
REBREATHERS
SIDEMOUNT
How it is done:
Swimming is an individual or team sport that uses arms and legs to move the body through
water. The sport takes place in pools or open water (e.g., in a sea or lake). Competitive
swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports, with varied distance events in butterfly,
backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley. In addition to these individual events,
four swimmers can take part in either a freestyle or medley relay. Swimming each stroke
requires specific techniques, and in competition, there are specific regulations concerning the
acceptable form for different strokes. There are also regulations on what types of swimsuits,
caps, jewelry and injury tape are allowed at competitions. Although it is possible for competitive
swimmers to incur several injuries from the sport -- such as tendinitis in the shoulder-- there are
also multiple health benefits associated with the sport.
Equipment:
Swimsuit
Swim cap
Goggles
Swim Fins
Drag suit
Hand paddles
Kickboard
Pull buoy
Ankle bands
Snorkel
Tempo trainer
Zoomers
How it isdone:
Step 1: Body Position
Keep your body flat, lie facing down in the water with your body kept in line with the water
surface.
Step 2: Arm Movement
Your arm movement can be broken down to the simplest form consists just two actions - the
Pull and Recovery.
Pull - With your palms facing down, pull in-line with your body with a slightly bent elbow all the
way to the side of your upper thigh. Advanced swimmers can do a S-pull which maximizes the
pulling phase.
Recovery - With your hand close to your upper thigh, lift one arm out of the water with a bent
elbow. Reach forward over the water with a bent elbow and enter the water with your finger tips.
Both hands should alternate between these two movements and be moving simultaneously.
Step 3: Breathing Technique
Choosing a side to breathe will depend on being right or left handed. Whilst your hand is early in
the recovery phase, turn your head sideways for a quick breath (one second). The trick is to
time the roll of your head with your arm movement.
A very common mistake is to lift your head upwards instead of turning it sideways to avoid the
water for breath. This is actually counter-productive as it disrupts your body positioning and
causes you to dip further into the water.
Step 4: Leg Action
With ankles relaxed and flexible, point your toes behind you and kick up-and-down in a
continuous motion from your thighs. Kicking from the calves is not as effective and a simple way
to correct this is to make sure your legs are straightened out whilst kicking. For more details on
this, refer to exercises you can do in the pool to improve your swimming.
Notes on Coordination
Your arms and legs should move simultaneously in cycles
A breath should be taken on one side with each stroke of that arm
A breath is taken when that arm is back. Exhale as the same arms enter the water
Helpful Tips
Stretch your arms as far as they can go to make a longer stroke. A large arm stroke is essential
to speed and efficient swimming
Keep a straight body to reduce drag and make swimming easier
Take short quick breaths instead of long ones
Canoeing is a sport or recreational activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-
bladed paddle.
Equipment:
Paddles
Buoyancy Aids
Spraydecks
Safety Equipment
Helmets
Dry Bags
Waterproof Bags
Trolleys
Roofracks
Air Bags
Spares
Foam Padding
First Aid Kits
Compasses
Paddle Floats
Bilge Pumps
Deck Bags
VHF Radios & PLB's
Kayak Rudder Kits
Feelfree Spares
Rescue Kit
How it is done:
Kayaking is the use of a kayak for moving across water. It is distinguished from canoeing by
the sitting position of the paddler and the number of blades on the paddle. A kayak is a low-to-
the-water, canoe-like boat in which the paddler sits facing forward, legs in front, using a double-
bladed paddle to pull front-to-back on one side and then the other in rotation. Most kayaks have
closed decks, although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are growing in popularity as well.
Equipment:
Kayak
Paddle
Personal Flotation Device
Sprayskirt
Helmet
Dry Top
Drysuit
Wetsuit
Paddle Jacket
Booties
Gloves
Rope Bag
Knife
Float Bags
Dry Bag
How it is done:
1. Canoe J-Stroke: Maintaining Proper Form

Be sure that you are holding the canoe paddle properly and that you are sitting up
straight throughout the j-stroke.
2. Canoe J-Stroke: the BeginningSimilar to the forward stroke, the j-stroke begins the same
way. Raise the paddle up, bringing the top hand up to about head level while keeping
the shaft of the paddle vertical and out to the side and not angled across the body.
3. Canoe J-Stroke: Reach ForwardPush the lower hand forward, reaching the paddle blade
as far toward the front of the canoe as you can while still maintaining a good upright
posture.
4. Canoe J-Stroke: the Catch PhasePlace the paddle blade into the water ahead of your
body. Keep the face of the blade perpendicular to the direction of the stroke.
5. Canoe J-Stroke: the Power PhasePull the paddle along the side of the canoe in a
straight line. Allow the top hand to push forward and down while the bottom hand pulls
back.
1. Canoe J-Stroke: Upper Body InvolvementUse the torso and upper body rotation to aid in
the stroke to give maximum power. You shouldn't be using your arms as much as you
use the rotation of your torso.
2. Canoe J-Stroke: Twist the Canoe PaddleToward the end of the stroke, begin to rotate
the canoe paddle blade from pulling the canoe into a rudder position by twisting your top
hand down. The thumb on the top hand should be facing downward at this point.
1. Canoe J-Stroke: the “J” With the paddle now in a rudder position, the bottom hand
pushes the paddle out from the canoe. The entire stroke would look something like a “J”
from up above. This part of the j-stroke serves to correct the position of the canoe if it
rotated during the power phase of the stroke.
2. Canoe J-Stroke: the RecoveryRemove the canoe paddle from the water and go back to
step 2.
Snorkeling (British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of
swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped
breathing tube called a snorkel, and usually swimfins. In cooler waters, a wetsuit may
also be worn. Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater
attractions for extended periods with relatively little effort and to breathe while face-down
at the surface.
Equipment:

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What are the different types of scuba equipment discussed?

What are the different strokes mentioned for competitive swimming?

Scuba diving is a form of underwater diving where the diver uses a self-contained underwater

breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe

Step 1: Body Position

Step 2: Arm Movement

Step 3: Breathing Technique

Step 4: Leg Action

1. Canoe J-Stroke: Maintaining Proper Form

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