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    IIT Bombay Lab Manual Chemical Engineering

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    Anuj Srivastava
    Turbidity is a measure of suspended solids in water that scatter and absorb light. Turbidity is measured using turbidimeters, which can be nephelometers that measure scattered light intensity or opacimeters that measure transmitted light intensity. Turbidity measurements are proportional to suspended solids concentration and are reported in NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). Turbidimeters must be regularly calibrated using standard gels or annually calibrated using a formazin suspension standard to ensure accurate turbidity measurements.

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    IIT Bombay Lab Manual Chemical Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Anuj Srivastava
    248 views2 pages
    Turbidity is a measure of suspended solids in water that scatter and absorb light. Turbidity is measured using turbidimeters, which can be nephelometers that measure scattered light intensity or opacimeters that measure transmitted light intensity. Turbidity measurements are proportional to suspended solids concentration and are reported in NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). Turbidimeters must be regularly calibrated using standard gels or annually calibrated using a formazin suspension standard to ensure accurate turbidity measurements.

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    Turbidity is a measure of suspended solids in water that scatter and absorb light. Turbidity is measured using turbidimeters, which can be nephelometers that measure scattered light intensity or opacimeters that measure transmitted light intensity. Turbidity measurements are proportional to suspended solids concentration and are reported in NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). Turbidimeters must be regularly calibrated using standard gels or annually calibrated using a formazin suspension standard to ensure accurate turbidity measurements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    248 views2 pages

    IIT Bombay Lab Manual Chemical Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Anuj Srivastava
    Turbidity is a measure of suspended solids in water that scatter and absorb light. Turbidity is measured using turbidimeters, which can be nephelometers that measure scattered light intensity or opacimeters that measure transmitted light intensity. Turbidity measurements are proportional to suspended solids concentration and are reported in NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). Turbidimeters must be regularly calibrated using standard gels or annually calibrated using a formazin suspension standard to ensure accurate turbidity measurements.

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    C14 - Turbidity and Turbidimeter

    Principle :

    Turbidity is a measure of water suspended solids (SS) concentration ; these SS are represented by
    large substances (fine sand…) and by microscopic matters (colloids). All these matters constitute
    an heterogeneous medium : a suspension (on the contrary, a solution contains dissolved
    molecules and ions, is not turbid but can be coloured).

    Colloids are matters which constitute water turbidity once all large SS have settled.

    Turbidity measurement principle :


    colloid constituting
    turbidity

    scattered light

    lamp transmitted light detector :


    incident light : intensity Io opacimeter = spectrophotometer
    monochromatic beam (600-700nm) intensity I
    transmitted light

    scattered light
    flask containing the tested suspension

    scattered light detector : nephelemeter


    intensity I

    In fact, there are opacimters and nephelometers, measuring respectively, transmitted light
    intensity and scattered light intensity. For an opacimeter :

    T = I / Io is transmittance these 2 data will be useful in molecular absorption


    A = Log10 (Io / I) is absorbance spectrophotometry theory

    Here, A = constant * [SS]


    Turbidity is proportional to the suspension SS concentration.

    Some turbidimeters measure both of transmitted and scattered light intensity, and indicate a
    medium value : turbidity is also proportional to [SS]
    The word "turbidimeter" means the whole range of photometers measuring turbidity.

    Main unit : NTU : Nephelometric Turbidity Unit

    Calibration :
    Two ways :
    - rapid calibration with standard gel : it must be done regularly in order to observe a difference
    with the precedent measure
    -annual calibration with formazin suspension standard.

    Field of application : drinking waters (< 1 to 5 NTU), industrial waters

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