Astronomical System of Units

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astronomical system of units

The astronomical system of units, formally called the IAU (1976) System of
Astronomical Constants, is a system of measurement developed for use in
astronomy. It was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in
1976, and has been significantly updated in 1994 and 2009 .
The system was developed because of the difficulties in measuring and
expressing astronomical data in International System of Units (SI units). In
particular, there is a huge quantity of very precise data relating to the positions
of objects within the solar system which cannot conveniently be expressed or
processed in SI units..
The astronomical system of units is a tridimensional system, in that it defines
units of length, mass and time.

Astronomical unit of time


The astronomical unit of time is the day, defined as 86400 seconds. 365.25 days make
up one Julian year.The symbol D is used in astronomy to refer to this unit.

Astronomical unit of mass


The astronomical unit of mass is the solar mass.[The symbol M☉ is often used to
refer to this unit. The solar mass (M☉), 1.98892×1030 kg, is a standard way to
express mass in astronomy, used to describe the masses of other stars and galaxies. It
is equal to the mass of the Sun, about 333000 times the mass of the Earth or 1,048
times the mass of Jupiter.

Astronomical unit of length


The astronomical unit of length is now defined as exactly 149,597,870,700 meters.It
was formerly defined as that length for which the Gaussian gravitational constant (k)
takes the value 0.01720209895 when the units of measurement are the astronomical
units of length, mass and time.The dimensions of k2 are those of the constant of
gravitation (G), i.e., L3M−1T−2. The term “unit distance” is also used for the length A
while, in general usage, it is usually referred to simply as the “astronomical unit”,
symbol au, AU or ua.

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