ISSN: 2277-9655

[Sheikh* et al., 6(2): February, 2017] Impact Factor: 4.116

IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7

IJESRT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY
COMPUTER AIDED MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF CRANK AND SLOTTED
LEVER QUICK RETURN MECHANISM
Shahbaz .M. Sheikh *, Sujata .P. Khartade, Prof. S .A. Dahake.
*
Mechanical Engineering Department, Jagadambha College Of Engineering And Technology,
Yavatmal(MS),India.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.322500

ABSTRACT
In this paper we have calculated the time ratio and angle turned by crank during return stroke (α) for different
lengths of crank for constant distances between the pivots. From these calculations we obtained maximum time
ratio and the most efficient ratio of length of crank to the distance between the pivots. Also a CAM model of
mechanism is made on PTC Creo parametric 3.0 for simulating the results. Various dimensions of links made on
PTC Creo parametric 3.0 which give maximum time ratio are as shown in the figures. By using some suitable
scale the links are fabricated to obtain the crank and slotted quick return mechanism having best possible time
ratio.

KEYWORDS: Quick return mechanism, CAM model, PTC Creo parametric 3.0, time ratio .

INTRODUCTION
The crank and slotted lever quick return mechanism converts the rotary motion into reciprocating motion. It is
the inversion of single slider crank chain. This mechanism consists of two strokes cutting stroke (forward
stroke) and idle stroke (return stroke). During the cutting stroke the material is cut by the tool, but during the
idle or return stroke no material is cut. Hence we have to reduce the time of return stroke or idle stroke to save
the time and to increase the productivity. This mechanism is called quick return mechanism as the time taken
during return stroke is less than the time taken during cutting stroke. As the time taken during return stroke is
less hence it leads to increased productivity. This mechanism is widely used in various, machines in industry
such as shaper machine, slotter machine, power driven hack saw and rotary internal combustion engine. The
performance of the mechanism is depend on the time ratio of the mechanism. The time ratio of the mechanism is
ratio of time take during cutting stroke to the time taken during return stroke. Lesser the time of return stroke
greater will be the time ratio and better will be the mechanism. This mechanism basically consists of four links
as crank, frame, connecting rod and slider. The ram and lever connecting the ram is not the part of basic
inversion.

The design of the mechanism is made on PTC creo parametric 3.0 software. This software is 3D
CAD/CAM/CAE featured based, associative solid modeling software. In this software there are two methods to
for creating the mechanism-top down assembly and bottom up assembly. The bottom up approach is used when
the dimensions of mechanism is known. When the dimensions of mechanism are not known we use the top
down approach. Since in this mechanism we know the dimensions hence we have used the bottom up approach.

There are variety of quick return mechanism such as the offset crank slider mechanism, the crank-shaper
mechanisms, the double crank mechanisms, crank rocker mechanism and Whitworth mechanism. The advantage
of this quick return mechanism over other quick return mechanism is that, this is the simplest among all the
mechanisms.

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[651]
 ISSN: 2277-9655
[Sheikh* et al., 6(2): February, 2017] Impact Factor: 4.116
IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7

WORKING

Figure 1: crank and slotted lever quick return mechanism

In this mechanism, the link AC (i.e. link 3) forming the turning pair is fixed, as shown in Fig. The link 3
corresponds to the connecting rod of a reciprocating steam engine. The driving crank CB revolves with uniform
angular speed about the fixed centre C. A sliding block is attached to the crank pin at B slides along the slotted
bar AP and thus causes AP to oscillate about the pivoted point A. A short link PR transmits the motion from AP
to the ram which carries the tool and reciprocates along the line of stroke R1R2. The line of stroke of the ram
(i.e. R1R2) is perpendicular to AC produced. In the extreme positions, AP1 and AP2 are tangential to the circle
and the cutting tool is at the end of the stroke. The forward or cutting stroke occurs when the crank rotates from
the position CB1 to CB2 (or through an angle β) in the clockwise direction. The return stroke occurs when the
crank rotates from the position CB2 to CB1 (or through angle α) in the clockwise direction.
The time ratio is given by-

𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒
Time ratio =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒
360−𝛼
=
𝛼
From figure-
𝛼 𝐵 𝐶
sin ∠ CA𝐵1 = sin( 900 − )= 1
2 𝐴𝐶
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘
=
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
We have used these two formulas for determining various time ratios and angle turned by crank during
return stroke for constant distance between pivots.

DETERMINATION OF TIME RATIO AND ANGLE TURNED BY CRANK DURING

RETURN STROKE
For modeling of crank and slotted lever mechanism which has maximum time ratio for the certain length of
crank and constant distance between pivot we have done analytical analysis to determine the length of crank for
a constant distance between pivots which will give the maximum possible time ratio.

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[652]
 ISSN: 2277-9655
[Sheikh* et al., 6(2): February, 2017] Impact Factor: 4.116
IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7
Distance between Angle turned by crank
Sr no. Crank length(mm) Time ratio(sec)
pivots(mm) during return stroke(α)
1 10 120 170.439 1.112
2 20 120 160.811 1.238
3 30 120 151.044 1.383
5 50 120 130.75 1.753
6 60 120 120 2
7 70 120 108.62 2.314
8 80 120 96.38 2.735
9 90 120 82.82 3.346
10 100 120 67.11 4.3643
11 110 120 47.12 6.64
Table 1: Time ratio and angle turned by cringle during return stroke for different length of crank and constant
distance between pivots.

As we have to kept, the clearance of 20mm between the length of crank and distance between pivots hence, we
cannot increase the length of crank beyond 100 mm, for the fixed distance between pivots of 120mm. hence the
maximum possible angle turned by crank during return stroke is 67.110 and the time ratio is 4.3643. Also the
ratio of distance between the pivots and crank length should be in between 1 to 1.2 for obtaining maximum time
ratio
.
COMPUTER AIDED MODELING
As discussed previously this mechanism is completely created on PTC creo parametric 3.0 software by bottom
up approach. The mechanism is shown in figure.
.

Figure 2: Complete mechanism made in PTC parametric creo 3.0

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 ISSN: 2277-9655
[Sheikh* et al., 6(2): February, 2017] Impact Factor: 4.116
IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7
The various links made by using some suitable scale are shown in figures below:

FRAME

Figure 3: Frame of mechanism

This is the first link of the mechanism which is fixed.

CRANK

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[654]
 ISSN: 2277-9655
[Sheikh* et al., 6(2): February, 2017] Impact Factor: 4.116
IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7
Figure 4: Crank of mechanism

Crank is the second link of the mechanism. It connects the frame with the connecting rod. The slider is also
attached on the crank. When the crank rotates the slider slides in the slot provided in the connecting rod and
hence the connecting rod oscillates due to which the ram moves to and fro.

Connecting rod

Figure 5: Connecting rod of mechanism

Connecting rod is connected to the lever, which in turn is connected with the slider. It has slot cut on it in which
the slider slides.

Slider

Figure 6: Slider of mechanism

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[655]
 ISSN: 2277-9655
[Sheikh* et al., 6(2): February, 2017] Impact Factor: 4.116
IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7
The slider is connected with the crank and slides in the slot provided in the connecting rod.

FABRICATION
Fabrication is an industrial term refers to building metal structures by cutting, machining and drilling .For the
manufacturing and fabrication of these mechanism various tools and machines are used. The tools and machines
used are: Radial drilling machine, Lathe machine, Grinding machine, Hammer, screws and adhesive.

The frame of the mechanism is made of wooden. The various links are made of Formica which has very smooth
surface. Hence the friction which is main factor of any mechanism or machine is also reduce. The guides in
which the slider slides is made up of aluminum due to its light weight

CONCLUSION
From the above analysis it is concluded that for obtaining maximum time ratio, the ratio of the distance between
the pivots and crank length should be in between 1 to 1.2. Thus for crank length of 100mm and distance
between pivots of 120mm we have calculated the time ratio which is found to be 4.3643 angle turned by crank
during return stroke is 67.110 This approach will help the designer to synthesize crank and slotted lever quick
return mechanism having best time ratio for given length of crank and distance between the pivots.

REFERENCES
[1] S. D. Sheared , P. S. Thecae , Dr. C. C. Handa , “ Computer Aided Modelling And Position Analysis of
Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism”. International Journal Of Scientific And Technological Research ,
Volume 1 , ISSUE 5 , June 2012
[2] Matt Compbell , Stephen S. Nestinger , Computer Aided Mechanism Design, Project department of
mechanical and aeronautical engineering, university of California, Davis, CA 95616, March 2004.
[3] Katarina Monkova , Peter Monka , SergejHloch , Jan Valicek , “Kinematic Analysis Of Quick Return
Mechanism In Three Various Approaches” Technical Gazette 18, 2(2011).
[4] Wen-Hsiang Hsieh And Chia-Heng Tsai , “A Study On a Novel Quick Return Mechanism” Transactions
Of The Canadian Society For Mechanical Engineering , Vol.33, No.3, 2009.

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