WORKED SOLUTIONS

9 The power of calculus

Answers 2 a y = sin (x 5 − 3)
dy
dx
= 5x 4 cos( x 5 − 3)

Skills check b y = cos (e x) dy

= − e x sin(e x )
dx
sin q
2

1−
1 − tan T 2
cos 2 q cos 2 T − sin 2 T dy
1 a = = = cos2θ − sin2θ c y = csc (x 2 + 11)  2 x csc( x 2  11)cot( x 2  11)
cos 2 T + sin 2 T dx
1 + tan T sin q
2 2

1+ = cos2θ
cos 2 q d y = cot (4x 3 − 2x 2 + 7x + 17)
2
1 − tan T
∴ cos 2T = dy
= −(12x 2 − 4x + 7) csc 2(4x 3 − 2x 2 + 7x + 17)
1 + tan T
2
dx
dy 2
tan T  tan T e y = tan (ln(2x + 1)), = sec 2 ( ln(2 x + 1))
b tan 2T tan(T  T ) 1  tan T tan T
dx 2x + 1

2 tan T
1  tan T
2 f y = sec ( ex + 1)

= 1 e x (e x + 1) 2 sec ( e x + 1 ) tan ( e x + 1 )
2 tan T
∴ tan 2T = 2
dy −1
1 − tan T dx 2

2 a f (x) = 3e 2x − 2x 2, f (x) = 6e 2x − 4x =
x
e sec ( ) ( e + 1)
x
e + 1 tan
x

2( e + 1)
x
b g (x) = (x + 1) ln (x 2 + 2x + 1)

sin ( e + 1 ) sec ( e + 1 )
= (x + 1) ln (x + 1) 2 = 2(x + 1) ln (x + 1) x x 2 x
e
=
2( e + 1)
2( x  1)
g(x) + 2 ln (x + 1) = 2 + 2 ln (x + 1) x
( x  1)

ex
2 2
( x  1)2 xe x  e
x2 g y = sin (cos (tan x))
c h(x ) x 1
hc( x ) 2
( x  1) dy
= −sec 2 x sin (tan x) cos (cos(tan x))
x2
dx
e (2 x 2  2 x  1)
( x  1)2 Exercise 9C
1 a y = (2x − 1) cos x
Exercise 9A dy
= 2cos x − (2x − 1) sin x
dx
Proofs using differentiation from first principles
b y = (3x − x 2) sin 2x
Exercise 9B dy
dx
= (3 − 2x) sin 2x + 2 (3x − x 2) cos 2x
dy
1 a y = cot x  csc 2 x c y = e 1−x tan x
dx
dy
dy = e 1−x sec2 x − e 1−x tan x = e 1−x (sec2 x − tan x)
b y = csc x = − csc x cot x dx
dx
sinx dy x cos x - sin x
dy
d y , =
c y = sin 3x =3 cos 3x x dx x2
dx
2 x  3 dy 2 sin2 x − 2(2 x + 3) cos2 x
dy e y , =
d y = tan (5x − 3) = 5 sec (5x − 3)
2 sin 2 x dx 2
sin 2x
dx
tan x
e y = cos (8 − 3x) dy
= 3 sin(8 − 3x ) f y
dx 2 x

f y = csc ( ) x −3
4
dy
dx
= − 1 csc
4
( ) ( )
x −3
4
cot x −3
4
dy
dx
⎛
⎝ 2
−1
= ⎜ 2 − x sec 2 x + 1 (2 − x ) 2 tan x × 1 ⎟
⎞
(2 − x ) ⎠
2
2(2 − x ) sec x + tan x

( ) ( )
dy
=
g y = cot 7 − 2x dy
= 2
csc 2 7 − 2 x dx 3
13 dx 13 13 2( 2 − x ) 2

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 1
 WORKED SOLUTIONS
S
2 a y = sin 2x x
6
Exercise 9D
dy 1 a y = arccos x ∴ x = cos y
dx
= 2cos 2x 2cos S = 1
3
dx dx 1
7S  sin y ∴ 
b y = cos 3x x dy dy siny
12
1 1
 
3sin 7S
dy 3
= −3sin 3x 1  cos y
2
1 x
2
dx 4 2
1
c y = tan (−x) = −tan x x 5S ? f c( x ) 
2
4 1 x
dy
= −sec 2 x  sec 2 5S 2 3
dx 4 b f (x) = arcsin 3x, f ' ( x )
2
1  x
d y = (x − 2) sin x x=0
2
c f (x) = arctan (2x + 1), f ' ( x ) 2
dy 1  (2 x  1)
= sin x + (x − 2) cos x
dx 2
= sin 0 + (−2) cos 0 = −2 2
1  4x  4x  1
S
e y = −3x cos x x 1
2 f ' (x ) 2
2x  2x  1
dy
= −3 cos x + 3x sin x
dx
2 a y = 2x arcsin x
3cos S  3 S sin S 3S
dy 2x
2 2 2 2  2arcsin x
dx 2
3x 1 x
f 2
y = x tan x x
4 arc cos x
dy b y
= 2x tan x + x 2 sec 2 x x
dx

( )
2 −x
= 3S tan 3S
+ 9S sec 2 3S 2
2 4 16 4 dy 1− x − arccos x
2
=
dx 2
 3S  9S x
2 8
2
dy dy x  1  x arccos x
g y = e x sec x x = 0 = e x sec x tan x + e x sec x dx 2 2
dx x 1 x
= sec 0 tan 0 + sec 0 = 1
dy
c y = (2x + 1) arctan x
3 a y = sin2 α + cos2 α = 1 dD
0
dy 2x  1
2 arctan x  2
tan E dy dx 1 x
b y sec E sec E tan E
sin E dE
d y 1  x 2 arcsin x
2 tan 2T dy 2
c y= 2
= tan 4T dT
4 sec 4T
2
1 − tan T dy 1 x 1
 2 x 1 (1  x 2 ) 2 arcsin x
3U U dx 2 2
sin U  sin 2 U 2 sin cos 1 x
d y 2 2
cos U  cos 2 U 3U U
2 cos cos dy x arcsin x
2 2 1
dx 2
1 x
y tan 3U dy 3
sec 2 3U
2 dx 2 2
e y = (4x 2 + 1) arctan 2x
(sin M sin 2M  cos M ) sec M 2
e y dy 2(4 x  1)
sin M  cos M 8x arctan 2 x  2
dx 1  4x
2 2 2
2 sin M − 1 sin M − cos M
= = dy
sin M − cos M sin M − cos M 8x arctan 2 x  2
dx
(sin M  cos M )(sin M  cos M ) d 1 1
3 a (arcsin x + arccos x)  0
sin M  cos M dx 2 2
1 x 1 x
dy d
y = sin φ + cos φ dM
cos M  sin M b (arctan x + arctan (−x)) 1
 1
0
dx 2 2
1 x 1 x

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 2
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

c
d
dx
⎛ 2 arctan x − arcsin 2 x ⎞
⎜
⎝ x +1⎠
2 ⎟ c f ( x ) 2 cos  e x
2
2x
P (0, 1)

f ′( x ) = − sin ( ) − 2e
§ 2 2  2 x (2 x ) ·
2
2
 ¨ ( x  1)2 2 ¸
1 x 2x
∴ f (0) = −2
1+ x © ( x  1) ¹ 2 2
1 4 x
( x 2 1)2 y = −2x + 1
( 2 − 2 x ) ( x +1)
( ( )) + 2 P ( , y )
2 2
2
= − d f ( x ) = ln tan x 3p
1+ x
2
( x 2 +1) ( x 2 +1) −4 x 2
2
2
3 4

2

2(1  x 2 )
0 y ln  tan   2 2 P  , 2
S 3S
2 4 4
1+ x ( x 2 1) ( x 2 1)2

4 a x = siny
f ′( x ) =
( ) f'   
1
3
sec
2 x
3 3S 1 2 S 2

()
1 cos y dy ? dy 1
x 4 3
sec
4 3
dx dx cos y tan
3
b x + y = tany
1  dy
dx
sec 2 y dy
dx
y 2 x   y x   2
2
3
3S
4
2
3
S
2

dy dy dy
(sec 2y − 1) = 1 ⇒ tan 2y = 1 ⇒ = cot 2 y 2 a f (x) = cos (2x) P(0, 1)
dx dx dx

c x + sinx = y + cosy f (x) = −2sin (2x), f(0) = 0

dy dy 1  cos x equation of normal is x = 0
1 + cosx = (1 − siny) ?
dx dx 1  sin y
d e sin y = x 2
dy dy 2x
b f (x) = tan (4x)  ,y P S
16
e sin y cosy = 2x ?
dx
P  , 1
dx sin y
e cos y S S
x
y tan 1
e cosy = y
⇒ y cosy = x 4 16

dy
(cosy − ysiny) = 1 ? dy 1 f (x) = 4sec (4x), f '   4 sec  
2 S 2 S
8
dx 16 4
dx cosy  y siny

f ln(xy) = tan 2y ⇒ ln x + ln y = tan 2y y 1 x  

1
8
S
16
1 dy
1
 2sec 2 2 y dy y 1
x  S
1
x y dx dx
8 128
dy
dx 2sec 2 y   2 1
y
1
x c   P (0, y) y = 0
f ( x ) 2e x sin x
2
P (0, 0)
1
dy
= x y
2 f (x) = e cos   + 2e sin  
x x x x
dx 2 1 2 xy sec 2 y  x
2sec 2 y − 2 2
y
f (0) = 1 y = −x
Exercise 9E
1 a f (x) = tan 3x P (0, 0)
d f (x) = x cos (2x) − 3 P  , y
S
2

f (x) = 3sec 3x f (0) = 3 2

y S
cos S  3  S  3 P  ,   3
S S
y = 3x 2 2 2 2

b f (x) = sin (2x) − 1 P , y

S f (x) = −2x sin (2x) + cos (2x)

( ) = −1
3
S
f′ y  S 3 x  S
  1 P ( , − 1) p
2S 3 3 2 2 2
y sin 1
3 2 3 2 y=x−π−3
f (x) = 2cos (2x) f'  S
3
1 3 ln (x) = tan y P (1, 0)
2
1
sec 2 y dy ? dy cos y

y
2
3
 1 1 x  S   3
x

At P, dy
dx

=1 y=x−1
dx x

dx
y x  S  3
1
3 2

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 3
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

4 y + y 2 = sin 2x P (0, −1) b f (x) = x sin x, f (x) = sin x + x cos x

dy
(1 + 2y) = 2cos 2x f ″(x) = cos x + cos x − x sin x
dx
dy 2 cos 2 x 2 = 2cos x − x sin x
2
dx 1  2y 1
f ″(0) = 2
1 1
y 1 x y x 1 c f (x) = (x 2 + 1) cos x
2 2
f (x) = 2x cos x − (x 2 + 1) sin x
5 y = cos (x 2)
a (0.974, 0.583) f ″(x) = 2cos − 2x sin x − [+(x 2 + 1)
b y = cos (x 2)
cos x + 2x sin x]
dy
= −2x sin (x 2) = 2cos x − 4x sin x − (x 2 + 1) cos x
dx
dy f ″(0) = 2 − 1 = 1
x = 0.97407123, = −1.5833 …
dx
y − 0.58264678 = −1.5833 (x − 0.97407123) d f (x ) x cos x
2
1
y = −1.58x + 2.12 f (x) 1 x sin x  1 x 2
cos x
2
2 2 2 2
y = ex − 2
x x
dy 2  x sin  cos
= 2 xe x = 5.03136 … 2 2
dx 2 x
y − 0.58264678 = 5.03136 (x − 0.97407123)
( )( )
1

y = 5.03x − 4.32 2 x − sin x − x cos x − 1 sin x − − x sin x + cos

x
x2
f ″(x) = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
c 4x

a
i

b f ″(1) =
2 (− 3
2
sin
1
2 2 2 )(
− −1 cos 1 − − sin 1 + cos 1
2 2 )
4
tan α = 5.03136 …
α = 1.3746 3 sin 1  cos 1  sin 1  cos 1
2 2 2 2
tan β = 1.5833 … 4
β = 1.00747
θ = π − α − β = 0.760 rads
 2sin  2 cos 
1
4
1
2
1
2

P (−π, 0)
= − ( sin + cos )
6 e y = sin x + 1
1 1 1
dy dy −cosx
e y
= − cos x dx
=
ey
2 2 2
dx

At P, dy
=
1
=1
e f (x) = e x sin 2x f (x) = e x (2cos 2x + sin 2x)
dx e 0
Tangent: y = x + π f (x) = e x (−4sin 2x + 2cos 2x + 2cos 2x + sin 2x)
Normal: y = x − π = e x (4cos 2x − 3sin 2x)
1
Area = × 2S × S

S S
S
2 f cc e 4 (0  3) 3e 4
4
S2
y f f (x) = 2x sec x, f (x) = 2sec x + 2x sec x tan x
r = 2sec x (1 + x tan x)
f (x) = 2sec x (tan x + x sec 2 x)
0 x
(–r, 0) + 2sec x tan x (1 + x tan x)
f (π) = −2(0 + π) + 2(−1)(0) = −2π
–r 2 a f (x) = cos x f (x) = −sin x
f ″(x) = −cos x f (3)
(x) = sin x
Exercise 9F
⎧− sin x , n = 4k − 3
1 a f (x) = tan x f (x) = sec2 x ⎪− cos x ,
⎪ n = 4k − 2
f ″(x) = 2sec x sec x tan x = 2sec2 x tan x f (x ) = ⎨
(n )
k ∈ '+
⎪sin x , n = 4k − 1
f ′′ ( p3 ) = 2(2) 2
3 =8 3 ⎪⎩cos x , n = 4k

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 4
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

b g (x) = sin 3x g(x) = 3 cos 3x

g ″(x) = −9sin 3x g (3)(x) = −27cos 3x
Assume P(k): g (k)(x) 
sin x  (k  1)S
2 
⎧3n cos 3x
⎪ n
⎪−3 sin 3x
n = 4k − 3
n = 4k − 2 +
Prove P(k + 1) g (k + 1)(x) 
cos x  (k  1)S
2 
g (x ) = ⎨ n
(n )
k ∈'
⎪−3 cos 3x
⎪⎩3n sin 3x
n = 4k − 1 
sin x  (k  1)S  S
2 2 
n = 4k
sin  x  (k  2)S

2
c h (x) = cos (ax + b) h(x) = −a sin (ax + b)
h ″(x) = −a 2 cos (ax + b) ∴ P(k) ⇒ P(k + 1) and P(0) is true
h (3)(x) = a 3 sin (ax + b) ∴ by induction,
⎧−a n sin(ax + b )
⎪ n
⎪−a cos(ax + b )
n = 4k − 3
n = 4k − 2
(
g (n ) ( x ) = sin x + (n + 1)S , n = 0, 1, 2,....
2 )
h (x ) = ⎨ n
(n )
k ∈ '+
⎪a sin(ax + b ) n = 4kk − 1
⎪⎩a n cos(ax + b ) n = 4k Exercise 9G
1 y

3 f (x) = sin 2x an = f ( n −1)

( S8 ) n = 1, 2, 3, …
250 cm
a a1 f 8
S sin S
4
1
2 i
f (x) = 2cos 2x a2 f' 8 2
S 2
2 100 cm x 4 cms–1

dx x
=4 cos T =
f ″(x) = −4sin 2x a3 f "  S8   4 2 2 dt 250
2
dT 1 dx
− sin T =
f (3)
(x) = −8cos 2x a4 f  S8   8 4 2
(3)
dt 250 dt
2
1 x = 100 ⇒ cos T = 100 = 2
, 2, − 2 2, − 4 2 250 5
2
4 21
1 sin T 1
b (1 + 2 − 4 − 8 + 16 + 32 − 64 25 5
2
− 128 + 256 + 512) −
21 dT
= 4
∴ dT
= −0.0175 cs −1
615 2 5 dt 250 dt
= 615 or
2 2

( ),
np
the angle is decreasing at a rate of 0.0175 cs−1
4 a P(n): f (x) = sin x ⇒ f (n)
(x) = sin x +
2 2
n = 0, 1, 2, … x 18 km
A
P(0): f (x) = sin x
y
i 200 ms–1 = 12 km min–1
Assume P(k): (k)
f (x) sin x   kS
2  25 km i z

Prove P(k + 1) f (k + 1)
(x) = cos x +
kp
( ) 2
160 ms–1 = 9.6 km min–1 B

sin  x    kS S
a x = 18 − 12t ⇒
dx
= −12
2 2 dt

sin  x  (k  1)  S dy
y = 25 − 9.6t ⇒ = −9.6
2 dt

∴ P(k) ⇒ P(k + 1) and P(0) is true z2 = x2 + y2 ? 2 z dz 2 x dx  2 y dy

∴ by induction, dt dt dt
t = 0.5 ⇒ x = 12, y = 20.2,
f (n )
( 2 )
( x ) = sin x + nS , n = 0, 1, 2,.... z = 552.04 = 23.4955...
dz
23.4955 = 12(−12) + 20.2(−9.6)
b P(n): g (x) = cos x ⇒ g (n)(x)
n = 0, 1, 2, …
sin x   (n  1)S
2  ,
∴
dz
dt

= −14.4 km min−1 ≈ −240 ms−1

dt
P(0): g (x)  
sin x  S = cos x
2
Approaching each other at 240 ms−1

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 5
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

b bearing = π + θ b θ = 30° when equilateral

dT
∴ rate of change of bearing = ∴ cos 30°
dT
=
1 dx
= − 0.01
dt

( )y
dt 5 dt
dq dx dy
tan T x
⇒ sec q 2
= y −x 2
y dt dt dt ∴ dT = − 0.115
dt
6 ∴ angle 2θ is decreasing at 0.0231 cs−1
t = 1 ⇒ x = 6, y = 15.4, tan T =
15.4 dv

( )
6
2
6829
5 a = −2 cm3 min−1
sec T = 1 +
2
= dt
15.4 5929 4
v S r 3 dv 4S r 2 dr
3 dt dt
6829 dT 15.4 ( −12) − 6( −9.6)
= dr 1
5929 dt 15.4 2 r = 12, 2 4S (12)2 dr  cm min 1
dt dt 288S
dT
= −0.466 c min −1
dt = −0.00111 cm min−1
bearing is decreasing at a rate of 0.466 c min−1 radius is decreasing at 0.00111 cm min−1

3 a T x 95 km/h b A = 4 πr 2 dA
8S r dr
dt dt

dr 1
r = 4, −2 = 4π (4)2 dr ⇒ cm min−1
30 m dt dt 32S
i dA
dt
8S (4)   = −1 cm min ,
1
32S
2 −1

C decreasing at 1 cm2 min−1,

dx
= 95000 mh −1 6 a x
dt
x
tan T
30
10 km
sec 2T dT 1 dx i
dt 30 dt
dT 95000
x = 0, θ = 0 ⇒ sec 2 θ = 1 ⇒ R
dt 30
= 31.667 ch−1 dx
= 1025 km h−1
= 52.8 c min−1 or 0.880 cs−1 dt
dT dx
95000 sec2 θ =
b After 1 sec, x = 26.338 … m dt dt
3600
4
x = 8, tan T sec 2T 1  16 41
tan T 26.388...
0.8796... sec 2 θ = 1.7737 … 5 25 25
30 41 dT dT
102.5 ⇒ dt
= 62.5 ch−1
1.7737... dT 95000 25 dt
dt 30 dT
dT = 0.01761 cs−1
∴ = 1785.3 c/h = 29.8 c min−1 or 0.496 cs−1 dt
= 0.995 deg s−1
dt
4 a b x = 0, θ = 0, sec2 θ = 1
i dT
5 cm 5 cm dt
= 102.5 ch−1 = 0.028472 ... cs−1 = 1.63 deg s−1
7 a x

x
6 cm
dx 2 km z 4 km
= −0.05 cms−1 i
dt
d
(2T ) 2 dT
dt dt dx
x = 75 km h−1
sin T = dt
5
dT z2 = 4 + x2
cosT = 1 dx
dt 5 dt
4 2 z dz 2 x dx
At t = 0, cosθ = dt dt
5
when z = 4, 16 = 4 + x2 ? x 12
∴ dT = 15 × − 0.05
dt
4 dz 12 (75)
dT dt
∴ = − 0.0125
dt dz 75 3
65.0 km h 1
∴ angle is decreasing at a rate of 0.0125 cs−1 dt 2

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 6
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

b tan T x
sec 2T dT 1 dx
Exercise 9H
2 dt 2 dt
2
x 12, tan T 3 , sec 2T 1  3 4 1 a sin3x dx  1 cos3x  c
3
4 dT 75
1
dt 2 b cos(2x +1) dx sin(2 x  1)  c
2
dT 75 −1
= 9.375 c/h = 0.00260 c sec 1
dt 8 c sec23x dx tan3x c
= 0.1 deg s−1 (nearest tenth) 3

8 a d sec2(1 − x) dx = − tan(1 − x) + c
z
x
i
10 m
e sin  dx5x  1
3
 3 cos
5  c5x  1
3

dz
= 5 ms−1 f cos   dx
3x  2 7
sin  c
3x  2
dt 7 3 7
10
cos T
z 2 a (1 − 2cos2x) dx = − cos2x dx  1 sin 2x  c
dT 10 dz 2
 sin T
dt z 2 dt
10 1
b (1 + tan2x) dx = sec2x dx = tanx + c
z = 20, cos T , sin 2T 1 1 3
,
20 2 4 4
c cos2x =1 − 2sin2x ⇒ sin2x = 1 (1  cos 2 x )
3 2
sin T 1
2 2
sin x dx = (1 − cos2x) dx
2
3 dT 10
(5) ⇒ dT 1 −1
= 0.144 cs
x  c
2 dt 2
20 dt 4 3 1 1
or 8.27 deg s−1 sin 2 x
2 2
b z2 = 100 + x2 1
dz dx
x  1 sin 2 x  c
2z 2x 2 4
dt dt
z = 20, x2 = 300 ⇒ x 10 3 d cos2x = 2cos2x − 1 ⇒ cos2 x = 1
(1 + cos2x)
2
20 (5) 10 3 dx ∴ cos2x dx = 1
(1 + cos2x) dx
dt 2
dx 10
5.77 ms 1
dt 3 1
2 x  1
2
sin 2 x c
1
9 x  1 sin 2 x  c
2 4
1
e (1 − 2sin2 (2x))dx = cos4x dx sin 4x c
4
7.5 m
i R
f (2 + 2 tan2(5x)) dx = 2 sec2 (5x) dx
7.5 m x
5
= 2 tan 5x + c
P 5

dT 4S S g (1 + tan2 x)(1 − sin2 x) dx = sec2x (cos2x) dx

cs 1
dt 60 15
x2 = 7.52 + 7.52 − 2 × 7.52 × cos θ = 1 dx = x + c
x2 = 112.5 − 112.5 cos θ
2 x dx = 112.5 sinT dT h 4 sin2x cos2x dx = sin2(2x) dx
dt dt
2.5 1
When height is 5 m, cosT = 3, =
1
(1 − cos4x) dx
7.5
2
sin 2T 1 1 8

? sinT
9
2 2
9
1
2 x  1
4
sin 4 x c 1
2
x  1 sin 4 x  c
8
3

x2 = 112.5 − 112.5   = 75 1
3
?x 5 3 Exercise 9I
10 3 dx 112.5    2 2 S 1 a (2sinx − 3cosx) dx = −2cosx − 3sinx + c
dt 3 15

dx S 2 1 3
? 1.28 ms 1 b (x2 −7sinx) dx x  7cosx  c
dt 2 3 3

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 7
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

c ( 4e − x 1
3
sec 2 )
x dx = 4e x − 1 tan x + c
3
−1 = −1 + 2 + c ∴ c = −2
f (x ) = −7
ln 3−4 x − 4 x 2 + 2e2 x −1 − 2
3 4
2
x
x 2  7 cos3x  c
d (1  2 x  7 sin3x )dx 3
2
3
3 2 a f(x) = 4sinx f c 
S
3
0, f (0) = 1
f(x) = − 4cosx + c1
2 2x 2
x  7 cos3x  c
3 3 0 = − 2 + c1 ∴ c1 =2
e ( 5
2x
+ sec 2 ( 3x ) ) dx = 5
2
ln x + 3 tan x + c
3
f(x) = −4cosx + 2
f (x)= −4sinx + 2x + c2
f ( x
x +1
− sin 3x
4
( )) dx = (1 − 1
x +1
− sin 3x
4
( ) ) dx 1 = c2 ∴ f (x)= −4sin x + 2x + 1
b f (x) =1+ cosx f(0) = 3, f (1) = − cos(1)
= x − ln| x + 1|+ 4 cos 3x + c
3 4
f(x) = x + sinx + c1
g
2  5sin
x x
2
 cos
2x
3  dx 3 = c1 f(x) = x + sinx + 3
x
2
2
x
x 3 f (x )  cos x  3x  c 2
 10 cos  sin 2 x c 2
ln2 2 2 3
1 7
−cos(1) = − cos(1) + 3 + c2, c = − 2
2
h (3−2x − 11sec2 (11x)) dx
1
f (x ) x 2  cos x  3x  7
2 x 2 2
3
 tan (11x )  c
2ln3 c f(x) = e1−x + sin(1 − x), f(1) = 2, f (1) = 2
f(x) = − e1−x + cos(1−x) + c1
Exercise 9J 2 = − 1 + 1 + c1 ∴ c1 = 2
1 a f(x) = 5 − 2cosx f (0) = 0 1−x
f(x)= −e + cos(1 − x) + 2
f (x) = 5x − 2sinx + c 1−x
f (x) = e − sin(1 − x) + 2x + c2
0 = c ∴ f (x) = 5x − 2sinx
2 = 1 + 2 + c2 ∴ c2 = −1
b f(x) = 4x − 6sin2x f (0) = 1 1−x
f (x) = e − sin(1−x) + 2x −1
f (x) = 2x2 + 3cos2x + c
d f(x) = e2x + sin(2x) + x3 − 2x + 1, f(0)
1 = 3 + c ∴ c = − 2 f (x) = 2x + 3cos2x − 2 2
= 2, f (0) = 2
1 1 1
f(x)= e2x − cos(2x) + x4 −x2 + x + c1
c f(x) = 3cosx −2sec2x f  S6  2 3
3 1
2
1
2 4
2= − + c1 ∴ c1 = 2
f (x) = 3sinx − 2tanx + c 2 2
1 2x 1 1
−2 3
=3−2 3
+c ∴c = −3 f(x) = e − cos(2x) + x4 − x2 + x + 2
2 2 4
3 2 3 2
f (x) = 1 e2x − 1 sin2x + 1 x5 − 1 x3 + 1 x2 + 2x + c2
f ( x ) = 3 sin x − 2 tan x − 3 4 4 20 3 2
2 7
2 x
2 = 1 + c2 ? c 2
d f(x) = 3x − 2e + cos4x f (0) = − 5 4 4
1 2x
f (x) =x3 − 2ex + 1 sin4x + c f (x ) e  1 sin 2 x  1
x 5  1 x 3  1 x 2  2x  7
4 4 4 20 3 2 4
−5 =− 2 + c ∴c = −3
f (x ) x 3  2e x  1 sin 4 x  3
4
Exercise 9K
S
2 S

e f c( x ) 3
 cos (3x )  4 f (1) = sin 3 1 a (2x − sinx) dx ª¬ x 2  cos x º¼ 2S

x 3 S 3

1 3
f (x) = 3ln|x| + sin(3x) −4x + c 2
3 §S2 · §S2 1 · 5S
1
sin 3
3
= 
1
3
sin3 − 4 + c ∴ c = 4 ¨ 4  0¸  ¨ 9  2 ¸
© ¹ © ¹
36 2

S
f ( x ) = 3ln x + 1 sin (3x ) − 4 x + 4 2 S
3 b (5+cosx) dx >5x  sin x @S2
f f c( x ) 7
 8x  4e2 x 1 f  1
1
S
6
6

( )( )
3  4x 2
5S 5S
f (x ) 7
ln 34 x  4 x 2  2e2 x 1  c = +1 − + 1 = 5S + 1
2 6 2 3 2
4

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 8
 WORKED SOLUTIONS
S
x
S e
c
4
2
(2sec x + 1) dx >2 tan x  x @ 4 f dx = e x
+c
0 2 x
0

S
 2    (0)
S
4
2 S
4
g 2x ln 2sin(2x) dx = −cos(2x) + c

3 p
arcsin x 1
d (ex + 2sinx) dx = ⎡⎣e x − 2 cos x ⎤⎦ 3 h dx = (arcsin x )2 +c
0 2 2
0 1− x
S S
2 arc tan 2 x 1
(e 3  1)  (1  2) e3 i dx (arctan 2 x )2 c
1  4x
2 2
2π 2S

e
−2π
3 x
 1
4
cos x
4  dx ª 3  x xº
« ln 3  sin 4 »
¬ ¼ 2S
2 a x cosx2 dx 1
2
sin x 2 c
4
1 6 3
§ 3 2S · § 32S · 2S 2S b x 5 3 x 6  1 dx ( x  1) 3  c
3 3 6 4
¨ ln 3  1 ¸  ¨ ln 3  1¸ 2 4
ln 3 1 6
© ¹ © ¹ ( x  1)  c
3
8
S S

f 2 § e3 x 2 sin 2 x · ª e3 x 1 º2 c ( x  2)e3 x
2
12 x 7
= 1 e3 x
2
+12 x −7
+c
¨ 3  5 ¸ dx « 9 5  cos 2 x » 6
0 © ¹ ¬ ¼0

( + )=
tan (5 x  4) sin (5 x  4)
⎛ 3p ⎞ 3p d dx = dx
=⎜ 1e 2 − 1⎟− 1 1 1
(e 2
− 1) − 2 5 5 cos (5 x  4)
⎝ 9 5 ⎠ 9 5 9 5
1 1
S S ln cos (5x  4)  c or ln sec (5x  4)  c
25 25

1   ª º
4 2 4
g x x
 2sin 2 x dx « x  4  cos 2 x » 3
cos 3 x


S 2
¬ ¼  S4 e sin3x ⋅ 3cos3x dx = c
4 3 ln 3

§S S2 · § S S2 · S sin 4 x
¨ 4  64  0 ¸  ¨  4  64  0 ¸ f 4
dx = − 4 cos 4 x + c
2 x3
© ¹ © ¹
S x
S sin(5 )
2 ª 2x 1 º 12 g 5x cos(5x) dx = +c
h (2x + 3 cos6x) dx ln 5
« ln 2  2 sin 6 x » 2x −2 x
0 ¬ ¼0 e +e
dx = − 1 ln e −2 x − e2 x + c
h
⎛ S ⎞ S −2 x
−e
2x 2

( )
e
= ⎜ 2 12 1⎟
+ − 1
+0 =
2 12
−1 1
+
⎜⎜ ln 2 2 ⎟⎟ arctan x
( arctan 3x )
3
ln 2 ln 2 2 2
3
dx = +c
2
⎝ ⎠ i
2 9
9x
S S

i
8

S
2
(x + 2 sec 2x) dx 2 ª x3 º8
« 3  tan 2 x »
j

( x 2  x )cos x 3  3 x 2 dx = 1 sin x 3 + 32 x 2 + c
2  3
( )

8
¬ ¼  S8 2
arcsin (2 x  1) 1
k dx = arcsin 3 (2 x + 1) + c
§ S3 · § 3 · 3 2 3
¨  1¸  ¨  S  1 ¸ S
2 x  x
© 1536 ¹ © 1536 ¹ 768

π
Exercise 9M
S 1 1

( −51) = 15
8x
j (16e8x + 9sin 3x) dx ª¬ 2e  3cos3x º¼ ª 1 ( x 3  1)5 º = 0 −
0 1 3x2 (x3 − 1)4 dx
0
0 ¬« 5 ¼» 0
=(2e8π + 3) − (2 − 3) = 2e8π + 4 3
3
2x
2 2
dx ª¬ ln x 2 1 º¼ 0 = ln10 − ln1 = ln10
Exercise 9L 0
x 1
S
S
6 3 6
1 a 2x sinx2 dx = − cosx2 + c ª2 º
3 cos x sin x dx «¬ 3 (sin x ) 2
»¼
0 0
3

()=
2 3
b 3x2 x 3  3 dx (x 3  3) 2  c 2 1 2 1 2
3 = =
3 2 3 2 6
2 2
c (3  4 x )e13 x  2 x dx e13 x  2 x  c e3 e3
4
ln x
dx = ⎡ 1 (ln x )2 ⎤ = 1 (lne3 )2 − 0 = 9

sin x
x ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦1 2 2
d tanx dx = dx 1
ln2
cos x x ln 2
e
5 dx = ⎡⎣ ln (e x + 1) ⎤⎦ = ln (e ln 2 + 1) − ln 2 = ln 3
= − ln cos x + c or ln sec x + c
x 0 2
0 e +1
S

( 12 ) = ln 2
6 S
sin2x sin2x
e 2cos 2x e dx = e +c 6 2tan2x dx >  ln (cos 2x )@ 6 = − ln 0
0

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 9
 WORKED SOLUTIONS
1 1
7
0

( x 2  x ) cos x 3  3 x 2 dx
2  1ª
3«
¬
sin  x3  3 x2 º
2 »¼ 0 = − 1 ( x + 3) cos(2 x + 3) + 1 sin(2 x + 3) + c
4 8

= 1 sin 5
3
1 ª2
3
3

º
2
3
7 3x
4
cos   dx
x
4
u
dv
3x
4
8
0
2 x 2 x + 1 dx
ln 2 «
¬3
2 1 2 »
x

¼0
dx
= cos
 x
4

⎛ 3 3
⎞
= 3 ln2 2 ⎜ 9 2 − 2 2 ⎟ = 2 (27 − 2 2 )
⎝ ⎠ 3 ln 2
= (3 − x) sin   + sin  dx
x
4
x
4
du
dx
1
4

Exercise 9N
v = 4sin
 x
4

1 xex dx = xex − ex dx u=x

dv
dx
= ex = (3 − x ) sin ( ) − 4 cos ( ) + c
x
4
x
4

= xex − ex + c du =1 v = ex 8 x2x dx dv
dx u=x = 2x
= ex (x − 1) + c dx
x
2 (2x + 9) cosx dx u = 2x + 9 x
2 x 2
x
du 2
− dx =1 v
dv ln 2 ln 2 dx ln 2
= (2x + 9) sinx − 2sinx dx dx
= cosx
x x
= (2x + 9) sinx + 2cosx + c du =2 2 x 2
 2
c
dx ln 2 (ln 2)
v = sinx
x
3 (2 − 5x) sinx dx u = 2 − 5x 2 ( x ln 2 − 1)
dv = 2 +c
= sinx (ln 2)
dx
du =−5
= −(2 − 5x) cosx − 5cosx dx 9 (1 − x)5x dx u=1−x
dx
v = −cosx
=(5x − 2)cosx − 5sinx + c
x x
(1  x )5 + 5 dv
4 (3x − 1) e3x dx u = 3x − 1 dx = 5x
ln 5 ln 5 dx
dv
dx
= e3x
x x
1 (1  x )5 5 du
= (3x − 1) e3x − e3x dx du =3  2
c = −1
3 dx ln 5 (ln 5) dx
1 3x
v= e x
3 x
5 ((1 − x ) ln 5 + 1) 5
1 3x 1 3x = +c v
= (3x − 1) e − e +c 2 ln 5
3 3 (ln 5)

(2  x )
= 1 e3 x (3x − 2 ) + c 10 x
dx = 1
(2 − x)3−x dx u=2−x
3 7.3 7

5 (4x − 7)e4x − 1 dx u = 4x − 7
1 ª 3 (2  x )
x
3
−x
⎤ dv
= 3−x
 dx ⎥
7«
dx
= 1 4 x −1
e (4x − 7) − e4x − 1 dx dv ¬ ln 3 ln 3 ⎦
4 = e4x − 1
dx
du
1 ª3 º = −1
x x
( x  2) 3
= 1 4 x −1
e (4x − 7) − 1 4x − 1
e + c du 7« ln 3

2 »c dx
=4 ¬ (ln 3) ¼
4 4 dx
1 4 x −1
= 1 4 x −1
e (4x − 8) + c v= e −x
(( x − 2) ln 3 + 1)
3
x

4 4 =
3
+c v
2 ln 3
4 x −1 7(ln 3)
=e ( x − 2) + c

()
x


x x
x 3 4x ⋅ 3 3 u = 4x dv 3
6 x  3 sin(2x + 3)dx u= 11 dx = 4x dx
2 2 5
x 5 dx 5
dv
= sin(2x + 3)
dx
x x
= − 1 (x + 3) cos(2x + 3)
4
du
dx
= 1
2
4x         dx = 4
3
5
1
3
− 4
3
5
1
3
du
dx
x
v  
ln ln
+ 1
cos(2x + 3) dx v= − 1 cos(2x + 3) 5 5 3 1
4 2 5
ln  3
5

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 10
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

( )
x x
4x ⋅ 3 3 1 6 (3 + 4x)ln(3 + 4x)dx
= −4 +c
5 ln
x3
5 () ⎜ ( )⎟
⎛
⎝
⎞
⎠
5
ln
3
5
2

Let u = 3 + 4x,
du
dx
=4

(3 + 4x)ln(3 + 4x) dx = ulnu 1 du

=
4 ⋅3
x
( ( ) ) +c
x ln 3 − 1
5
4

⎡ ⎤
( ( ))
2 2

5
x
ln 3
2
= 1 ⎢ u ln u − u ⎥ + c (using result from qn1)
5 ⎣
4 2 4
⎦
2

Exercise 9O = u (2 ln u − 1) + c
16
2
2
(3 + 4 x )
1 x ln x dx = x
lnx −
x
dx u = ln x = (2 ln(3 + 4 x ) − 1) + c
2 2 16
dv
=x
dx dt
7 Let t = 4 − 11x, = − 11
2 2 2 dx
x x du 1 x
= ln x − +c v 1
2 4 dx x 2 x (4  t )
11
2 (3x + 2) ln x dx u = lnx ∴ 5 + 7x = 5 + 7
(4 − t ) = 83 − 7t
dv 11 11 11
dx
= 3x + 2
1
§ 3x 2 ·
¨ 2  2 x ¸ ln x −
© ¹
 3x
2 
 2 dx du
dx
1
x
2
(5 + 7x) ln (4 − 11)dx
  7 t )
11

3x ln t dt
v  2x 11
2
⎛ 2 ⎞ 2 1
= ⎜ 3x + 2 x ⎟ ln x − 3x − 2 x + c = 121 (7t − 83) lnt · dt u = lnt
⎝ 2 ⎠ 4 dv
=7t − 83
1 ⎡⎛ 7 t ⎞
2
dt
= ⎢ − 83t ⎟ ln t
121 ⎜ 2
3 (1 − x)ln x dx u = lnx du 1
dv
⎣⎝ ⎠ dt t
=1−x
 
2

 83 dt º
dx
v = 7t − 83t
(1 − ) dx
7t
§ x
2
· x du 1
– »¼ 2
¸ ln x −
2
¨x  2 2 dx
= x
© ¹
1 ⎡⎛ 7 t ⎞ ⎤
2 2 2

xx = ⎢ − 83t ⎟ ln t − 7t + 83t ⎥ + c

121 ⎜ 2
v
⎛ 2 ⎞ 2 2 ⎣⎝ ⎠ 4
⎦
= ⎜ x − x ⎟ ln x − x + x
+c
⎝ 2
⎠ 4
= 1 ⎡ 7
121 ⎢
⎣ 2 ( ( 4 − 11x ) − 83(4 − 11x )) ln(4 − 11x )
2

4 x ln (4x) dx u = ln (4x)
dv
=x − 7 (4 − 11x )2 + 83(4 − 11x ) ⎤ + c
dx 4 ⎥⎦

( (16 − 88x + 121x ) − 332 + 913x ) ln(4 − 11x )

2

= x
ln (4 x ) − x
dx du 1 1 ⎡ 7
= = 2

121 ⎢
2 2 dx x
x
2 ⎣ 2
v=
− 7 (16 − 88x + 121x 2 ) + 332 − 913x ⎤ + c
2 2 2
x
= ln (4 x ) − x + c 4 ⎦⎥
2 4

= x
4
2

(2 ln(4 x ) − 1) + c = 1 ⎡ 847
121 ⎢
⎣ 2 ( x 2 + 605x − 276) ln(4 − 11x ) )
− 847 x 2 − 759 x + 304 ⎤ + c
5 (3x  2) ln   dx
x
5
u ln  x
5
4 ⎦⎥

dv
3x  2 8 x2lnxdx u = lnx
dx dv
= x2

( )− 
dx
⎛ 2 ⎞
= ⎜ 3x − 2 x ⎟ ln
⎝ 2 ⎠
x
5
3x
2 
 2 dx
du
dx
=
1
x = x
3
3

ln x – x
3
2

dx du
dx
= 1
x
2

v = 3x − 2x v= x
3

2
3
⎛ 2 ⎞
()
3 3
x
= ln x − x + c
2

= ⎜ 3x − 2 x ⎟ ln x
− 3x + 2x + c 3 9
⎝ 2
⎠ 5 4

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 11
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

dt
9 (2 − x + x2) ln(3x) dx u = ln(3x) Let t = 1−x2 = − 2x
dx
dv 1
= 2 − x + x2 ? x dx dt
dx 2
§ x
2
x ·
3 x2 = 1− t
¨ 2 x  2  3 ¸ ln (3x ) − =
du 1
x 3

 
dx x 1 1
© ¹ 1
dx = 1 1 t 1
dt = 1
(t 2  t 2 )dt
2 3 2 1
3 3 2 6
§ x x ·
2
v = 2 x − x2 + x3 1 x
t2
¨ 2  2  3 ¸ dx
© ¹
−1 ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 3 1⎞
1 3
= 2t 2 − 2t2 ⎟+c = 1⎜1t2 −t2 ⎟+c
⎛ 2 3 ⎞ 2 3 6 ⎜⎝ 3 ⎠ 3⎝3 ⎠
= ⎜ 2x − x + x
⎟ ln (3x ) − 2 x +
x
− x +c
⎝ 2 3
⎠ 4 9 1
= 1 t 2 (t − 3) + c = 1 1 − x 2 (1 − x 2 − 3) + c
9 9
Exercise 9P 1 2
dv
(x  2) 1  x 2 + c
1 logx dx u = log x =1 9
dx 3
x
1
∴ x2arcsinx dx = arcsin x + 1 ( x 2 + 2) 1 − x 2 − c
du 1 3 9
= xlog x − dx v=x
ln 10 dx x ln 10
x
x log x 
ln 10
c Exercise 9Q
dv u = x2 dv = ex
2 logaxdx u = logax =1 1 x2exdx
dx dx

1 dv
= xlogax − dx du 1 v=x = x2ex − 2xex dx dx = 2x v = ex
ln a dx x ln a
x dv
x log a x  c = x2ex − [2xex − 2exdx] v = 2x dx = ex
ln a

3 arctanx dx u = arctan x = x2ex − 2xex + 2ex + c du

= 2 v = ex
dx
dv
dx
=1 = ex(x2 − 2x + 2) + c
x du 1
= xarctanx − 2
dx dx 2 v=x 2 (x2 + 1) sinx dx u = x2 + 1
1 x 1 x
dv
dx
= sinx
x arctan x  1 ln 1  x 2  c
2 du
= −(x2 + 1) cosx + 2xcosx dx = 2x
dx
4 arccosx ds u = arccos v =−cosx
dv
=1 = −(x2+1) cosx + 2xsinx − u = 2x
dx
x du 1 dv
= x arccosx + dx v=x 2sinx dx = cosx
2 dx 2 dx
1 x 1 x
1 du
x arccos x  1 . 2(1  x 2 ) 2  c = −(x2+1) cosx + 2xsinx +
dx
=2
2
2cosx + c v = sinx
x arccos x  1  x 2  c
= (1 − x 2)cosx + 2x sinx + c
5 2x arctanx dx u = arctanx
dv = 2x 3 (2x − x2)cosxdx u = 2x − x2
dx dv
dx
= cosx
2 du 1
= x2 arctanx − x
dx v = x2 du
1 x
2 dx 1 x
2
(2x − x2)sinx + (2x − 2)sinxdx = 2 − 2x
dx

= x2arctanx − 1  1
dx v = sinx
2
1 x
= (2x − x2)sinx − (2x − 2)cosx u = 2x − 2
= x2arctanx − x + arctanx + c
= ( x2 + 1 ) arctanx − x + c + 2cosxdx
6 x2arcsinx dx u = arcsinx
dv = (2x − x2)sinx − (2x − 2)cosx du
=2
= x2 dx
3
dx + 2sinx +c
3
3 x du 1 x
= x arcsinx − dx v = (2x − x2 + 2)sinx + v = − cosx
3 2 dx 2 3
3 1 x 1 x (2 − 2x)cosx + c

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 12
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

1
4 (1 + x − x2)e2xdx u = 1 + x − x2 = x2cos (1 − 2x)−
2
dv
dx
= e2x ª  1 x sin(1  2 x ) +
du «¬ 2
dx
= 1 − 2x
1
sin (1 − 2 x ) dx ⎤⎥
v = 1 e2 x 2 ⎦
2

= 1
(1 + x − x )e +2 2x
u = 2x − 1 = 1 x2cos(1−2x) +
2
2 1
dv x sin(1 − 2x) −
(2x − 1)
1
e2x dx = 1 e2 x 2
2 dx 2 1
cos(1 − 2x) + c
4
du
1
(1 + x − x2) e2x =2 1
=
2 dx (2x 2  1)cos (1  2x )  1 x sin (1  2 x )  c
1 1 2x 4 2
+ (2x − 1) e2x −
4
e dx v = 1 e2 x dv = x
2 4 7 x23xdx u = x2 3
dx
= 1 (1 + x − x2) e2x + 2 x x x
2 x 3 3 du 3
− 2x . dx = 2x v
1 1 ln 3 ln 3 dx ln 3
(2x − 1) e2x − 4
e2x + c
4
1
= ex (1 + x − x2 + x − 2 x
x 3 ª 3
x
dv 3
x
2  «2x . u = 2x
1 1 ln 3
¬ (ln 3)
2 − dx ln 3
2
− )+c du 3
x
2 =2 v
1 3
x ⎤ dx
(ln 3)
2
= 2
ex (2x − x2) + c 2. 2
dx ⎥
(ln 3) ⎦
5 (2x2 + x + 3) cos (2x) dx u = 2x2 + x + 3 x 3
2 x
3
x
2 .3
x
dv = − 2x . + +c
= cos (2x) ln 3 (ln 3)
2
(ln 3)
3
dx
1 du x
= (2x2 + x +3)sin2x − = 4x + 1 = 3
[x2 (ln3)2 − 2x ln3 + 2] + c
2 dx 3
1 (ln 3)
1
(4x + 1)sin2x dx v= sin(2x)
2 x
2 x
8 (1 + x3) e 2 dx u = 1 + x3
dv
= e2
=
1
(2x2 + x + 3)sin2x − u = 4x + 1 dx x
2 du
dv
= sin2x = 3x2 v = 2e 2
dx
1 ª 1 dx
(4 x  1)cos 2 x 
2«¬2 du
=4 x x
dv
x
dx = 2 (1 + x3) e 2 − 6x2 e 2 dx u = 6x2 = e2
dx
2cos 2x dx ] v = − 1 cos2x x x du
x
2 = 2 (1 + x ) e − 12x e + 3 2 2 2 = 12x v = 2e 2
1 dx
= (2x2 + x + 3)sin2x + x
2 24xe 2 dx
1 1
(4x + 1)cos2x − sin2x + c
4 2 x x x
dv
1 = 2 (1 + x3) e 2 − 12x2 e 2 + u = 24x = e2
(2x 2  x  2)sin 2 x  1 (4 x  1)cos 2 x c x x
dx
x
2 4 du
48xe 2 − 48e 2 dx = 24 v = 2e 2
dx
6 x2sin(1 − 2x)dx u = x2
dv x x
= sin(1 − 2x) = 2 (1 + x3) e 2 − 12x2 e 2 +
dx x x
du 48xe 2 − 96e 2 + c
= 2x
dx
x
1
v=− = e 2 [2x3 − 12x2 + 48x − 94]
2
cos (1 − 2x) +c
= 1 x2cos (1 − 2x) − u=x 9 (x3 + x2) sin5x dx u = (x3 + x2)
2 dv
dv dx
= sin5x
xcos (1 − 2x) dx dx
= cos(1 − 2x)
du
du
=1 = 3x2 + 2x
dx dx
1 1
v = − sin (1− 2x) v cos 5x
2 5

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 13
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

du
= 1 (x3 + x2)cos5x + u = 3x2 + 2x
dx
= 10x3 v = 1 e2 x
5 dv 1 2
1
= cos5x
(3x2 + 2x) cos5x dx dx 5
5 = 1 x 5e 2 x − 5 x 4e 2 x + 5x3e2xdx u = 5x3 dv = e2x
2 4 dx
1 du du 1 2x
=
5
(x3 + x2)cos5x +
dx
= 6x + 2
dx
= 15x2 v = 2 e
1
1 (3x2 + 2x)sin5x − v= sin5x
25 dv
25
= 1 x 5e 2 x − 5 x 4e 2 x + 5 x 3e 2 x u 15
x2 dx
= e2x
1 2 4 2 2
(6x + 2) sin5x dx
25 15
− 2
x 2e 2 x dx
du
= 1 (x3 + x2)cos5x + u = 6x + 2 dx
= 15x v = 1 e2 x
5 2
dv 1
1 = sin5x
(3x2 + 2x)sin5x + dx 25 1 5 5 15 dv
25 = x5e2x − 4 x4e2x + 2 x3e2x u= x = e2x
1 2 2 dx
(6x + 2) cos5x − du = 6 15 2 2x 15 2x
125 − xe + xe dx
6 1 4 2
cos5x dx v= cos5x du 15
125 25
dx
= v = 1 e2 x
2 2
= 1 3 2
(x + x )cos5x +
5 1 5 5 15 2 2x 15 2x 15
= x5e2x − 4
x4e2x + 2 x3e2x − 4
xe + 4
xe − 4
e2x
1 2
(3x2 + 2x)sin5x + 2x
25 e
1 = 8
(4x5 − 10x4 + 20x3 − 30x2 + 30x − 15) + c
(6x + 2) cos5x −
125
6 sin5x + c
125 Exercise 9R
= 1 (−25x3 − 25x2 + 6x + 2) dv
125 1 sinxex dx u = sinx = ex
dx
1
cos5x + (75x2 + 50x − 6)sin5x + c du
625 = cosx v = ex
4 dv dx
10 x4cosx dx u=x dx
= cosx
dv
du = exsinx − excosx dx u = cosx = ex
=x 4
sin x − 3
4x sinx dx = 4x3 v = sinx dx
dx
du
= sinx v = ex
dx
= x4 sinx + 4x3cosx −
12x2cosx dx = exsinx − excosx − sinxex dx

= x4 sinx + 4x3cosx − 12x2sinx 2 sinxex dx = ex(sinx − cosx) + c

+ 24xsinx dx
sinxexdx = 1 e x (sin x − cos x ) + c
4 3 2
2
= x sinx + 4x cosx − 12x sinx
− 24xcosx + 24cosx dx dv
2 e2x cosx dx u = e2x = cosx
dx
= x4 sinx + 4x3cosx − 12x2sinx du
= 2e2x v = sinx
− 24xcosx + 24sinx + c dx
dv
= e2xsinx − 2e2xsinx dx u = 2e2x = sinx
= (x4 − 12x2 + 24) sinx + dx
(4x3 − 24x)cosx + c du
= 4e2x v = −cosx
dx

dv
11 x5 e2xx dx u = x5 = e2x = e2xsinx + 2e2xcosx − 4e2x cosx dx
dx
du 1
dx = 5x4 v= e2x 5 e2x cosx dx = e2x (sinx + 2cosx)
2
5 dv
= 1 x5e2x − 5 x4e2xdx u x4 dx
= e2x  e2xcosx dx = 1 e 2 x (sin x + 2 cos x ) + c
2 2 2 5

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 14
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

3 cos 3xe4x dx u = cos3x dv

=e 4x = −3
60 3
(
10 u 2
3 5

− 6u2 + c )
dx
−u 2 ( 5 − 3u ) + c
du
= −3sin3x v = 1 e4x =
dx 4 10
3
dv
cos3xe4x dx = 1 e4xcos3x u = 3 sin3x = e4x −(1 − 2 x ) 2 ( 2 + 6 x ) + c =  1 (1 − 2 x ) (1 + 3x) + c
3

4 4 dx = 5
2

10
du 9
+ 3
sin3xe4x dx = cos3x v = 1 e4x
dx 4
4 4 3 5 x 2 3  4 x dx u = 3  4x
3 4x 9
= 1 e4xcos3x + e sin3x − cos3xe4xdx x=
1
(u  3) dx =
1
du
4 16 16 4 4
1
4x 2
5
25
cos3xe4xdx = e (4 cos 3x + 3 sin 3x ) = (u 2 − 6u + 9) u du
16 16 16 4

cos3xe4xdx = 1 e
4x
(4 cos 3x + 3 sin 3x ) + c =
5
64
(u 5
2
3

− 6u 2 + 9u 2 du
1
)
25

4
sin(2x )
e
x
dx = sin2x  e−x dx u = sin2x dv
dx
=e −x = 5 2 2
64 7
u( 7

5
5

− 12 u 2 + 6u 2 + c
3

)
du
dx
= 2cos2x v = −e
−x
= 1
448
(10u 7
2
5

− 84 u 2 + 210u 2 + c
3
)
dv 3
= −e−xsin2x + 2cos2xe−x dx u = 2cos2x = e−x u2
dx
= (5u 2 − 42u + 105) + c
du −x 224
dx
= −4sin2xv = −e
3

−x
= −e sin2x − 2e cos2x − 4sin2xe dx −x −x (3 + 4 x ) 2
= (5(9 + 24x + 16x2) − 42(3 + 4x) + 105) + c
224
sin 2 x
5 x
dx = −e−x(sin2x + 2cos2x) 3

e (3 + 4 x ) 2
= (24 − 48x + 80 x 2 ) + c
sin 2 x −1 − x 224
 x
dx = e (sin 2 x + 2 cos 2 x ) + c
e 5
4 x 3 x  3 dx
Exercise 9S
= u = x + 3 dx = du
1 x x  2 dx u = x + 2 dx = du
1 4 1
1
= (u  3)u 3 du (u 3  3u 3 )du
= (u − 2)u du 2

(u )
3 1 7 4
3 3
= 2
− 2u 2 du u  9 u3  c
7 4
5 3 4

= 2 u2 − 4 u2 + c 3u 3
(4u  21)  c
5 3
28
3
2 2
= u (3u − 10) + c 3
(x
4
 3) 3 (4 x  9)  c
15
28
3
2
= (x + 2) 2 (3x − 4 ) + c
15
5 x 2 4 x  1dx u=x+1 dx = du
2 3 x 1  2 x dx u = 1 − 2x x=u−1
1 1
x= (1 − u) dx = − du
2 2
(u 2 − 2u + 1)u 4 du =
1
(u 9 5 1

− 2u 4 + u 4 du )
( ) du
1 = 4

= 3
(1 − u ) u 2 −1
2 2 4 4
13 9 5

= − 8 u4 + 4 u4 + c
3
4
(u 1
2
− u 2 du
3
) 13
u
9 5

( )
5
3 5
−3 2 2 4u 4
= u − 2 u2 + c = (45u 2 − 130 u + 117) + c
4 3 5 585

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 15
 WORKED SOLUTIONS
5
4
= (x + 1) 4 (45u2 − 130u + 117) + c 4 48 cos 6 (2 x ) dx = 48(cos 2 (2 x ))3 dx
585

( ) dx
5 3
= 4
(x + 1) 4 (45x 2 − 40 x + 32) + c 1 + cos 4 x
= 48
585 2

6 x 3 5 1− x dx u = 1 – x dx = – du = 6(1 + 3 cos 4 x + 3 cos 2 4 x + cos3 4 x ) dx

x=1–u
1
= (6 + 18cos4x + 9(1 + cos8x)
= – (1 − 3u + 3u − u )u du 2 3 5 + 6cos4x(1 − sin24x)) dx

=– (u 1
5
6
− 3u + 3u − u
5
11
5
16
5 ) du = (15 + 24 cos 4 x + 9 cos 8 x − 6 cos 4 x sin 2 4 x ) dx

6 11 16 21 = 15x + 6 sin 4 x + 9 sin 8x − 1 sin 3 4 x + c

= − u + 5 5 15
u − 5 15
u + 5 5
u +c5 8 2
6 11 16 21
Exercise 9U
6
=– 5
u (616 − 1008u + 693u − 176u ) + c
5 2 3
1 4 − x 2 dx x = 2sin dx = 2cos d
3696

6 4 – x2 = 4 – 4 sin2 = 4 ( 1 – sin2 ) = 4 cos2

=– 5
(1 − x ) 5 (616 − 1008(1 − x ) + 693(1 − 2 x + x 2 )
3696 4 − x 2 = 2 cos
− 176(1 − 3x + 3x 2 − x 3 )) + c
6 4 − x 2 dx = 2 cos . 2 cos d = 4 cos2 d
5(1 − x ) 5
=– (125 + 150 x + 165x 2 + 176 x 3 ) + c
3696
= 2 (1 + cos2 ) d
= 2 + sin2 + c
Exercise 9T = 2 + 2sin cos + c
1 cos3 x dx = (1 – sin2 x) cos x dx x 2
4−x
2
= arcsin cos = 1 − sin 2 q = 1 − x =
2 4 2

= (cosx – sin2 x cos x) dx 4 − x 2 dx = 2 arcsin x + x

4 − x2 + c
2 2

1
= sin x − sin x + c
3
2 1
2
dx x = sec dx = sec tan d
3 x −1

x2 – 1 = sec2 – 1= tan2
2 cos4 x dx = (cos2 x)2 dx x 2 − 1 = tan q

( )
1
1 + cos 2 x
2 1
dx = sec q tan q dq
= dx x −1
2
tan q
2

2
= sec d
1 + 2 cos 2 x + cos 2 x
= dx
4 = ln sec + tan | + c

= ( 1
4
+ 1 cos 2 x + 1 ⋅ 1 + cos 4 x dx
2 4 2
) 3 x 2 + 9 dx
= ln x + x 2 − 1 + c
x = 3tan dx = 3 sec2 d

= ( 3
8
+ 1 cos 2 x + 1 cos 4 x dx
2 8
) x2 + 9 = 9(tan2 + 1 ) = 9sec2
x 2 + 9 = 3sec
= x + sin 2 x +
3 1 1
sin 4 x + c
8 4 32 x 2 + 9 dx = 3 sec 3 sec2 d

() () ()
2
sin 5 x
dx = ⎛ 1 − cos 2 x ⎞ sin x dx
3 ⎜ ⎟ = 9 sec3 = 9 sec sec2 d
5 ⎝ 5 ⎠ 5

(sin sin ) dx
Using integration by parts:
= x
− 2 cos2 x sin x + cos 4 x x
5 5 5 5 5 u = sec dv
= sec2 q
dq

= −5 cos + cos − cos + c

x 10 3 x 5 x du
= secq tan q v = tan
5 3 5 5 dq

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 16
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

5
sec3 d = sec tan – sec tan2 d 6 2
dx x = 11tan dx = 11sec2 d
x + 121
x2+ 121 = 121(tan2 + 1) = 121sec2
= sec tan – sec (sec2 – 1) d
x 2 + 121 = 11sec
= sec tan – sec2 d + sec d 5
dx =
5
. 11sec2 d
11sec q
2
x + 121

2 sec3 d = sec tan + ln| sec + tan |

= 5sec d
1 1
 sec3 d = 2
sec tan + 2
ln sec + tan |+ c = 5 ln|sec + tan |+ c
2
x + 121 + x
9 9 = 5 ln +c
 x 2 + 9 dx = 2
sec tan + 2
ln| sec 11

+ tan |ln + c = 5 ln x 2 + 121 + x + k

2 9 9
x 2 + 9 dx = 2 x x 2 + 9 +
1 9
ln
2
x +9 +x +c 7 2
dx x= sin dx = cos d
2 81 − 4 x 2 2
3
9
81 – 4x2 = 81 – 81sin2 = 81cos2
1
= 2
x x +9 + 2
2
ln x +9 + x + k
2
81 − 4 x 2 = 9cos
2
4
3
dx x = 6sin dx = 6cos d 2 dx = 2 9
cosq d = 1d
36 − x
2 81 − 4 x 9 cos q 2

36 – x2 = 36 (1 – sin2 ) = 36 cos2 = +c
36 − x = 6cos
2
= arcsin
2x
+c
9
3
3 dx = . 6cos d = 3 d
36 − x
2
6 cos q 8 3 x 2 − 75 dx = 3 x 2 − 25 dx
= 3 + c
x x = 5sec
= 3 arcsin +c
6 dx = 5sec tan d
x2 – 25 = 25(sec2 – 1) = 25 tan2
5 3 x 2 − 16 dx x = 4sec dx = 4 sec tan d
3 x 2 − 75 dx = 3 5 tan 5 sec tan d
x – 16 = 16 (sec2 – 1 ) = 16 tan2
2

x 2 − 16 = 4 tan = 3 25 sec tan2 d

3 x 2 − 16 dx = 12 tan q .4 sec q tan q d = 3 25 sec (sec2 – 1) d

(see qn 3 for sec3 d )
= 48 sec q tan 2 q d

= 25 3 ⎡ 1 sec T tan T + 1 ln sec T + tan T ⎤

⎢2 ⎥+c
= 48 sec q (sec q − 1) d 2
⎢
2
⎥
⎣ − ln sec T + tan T ⎦
= (48sec3 T  48sec T ) d =
25 3 (
secq tan q − ln secq + tan q ) + c
2
(see qn. 3 for sec3 )
⎛x 2
x − 25 x + x − 25
2
⎞
=
25 3
⎜ − ln ⎟+c
= 48 ( 1
2
sec T tan T − 1 ln sec T + tan T
2
) 2 ⎝s 5 5 ⎠

=
3
x x 2 − 25 − 25 3
ln x + x 2 − 25 + k
– 48 ln |sec + tan | + c 2 2

= 24 sec tan – 24 ln |sec + tan | + c

9
7
2
dx = 7 2
1
dx
2 7 x + 28 x +4
1 x − 16
= 6x x 2 − 16 –24 ln
x
+ +c x = 2tan dx = 2sec2 d
4 4 4
x + 4 = 4 (tan q + 1) = 4 sec 2 q
2 2

3
= x x 2 − 16 – 24 ln |x + x 2 − 16 + k
2 x 2 + 4 = 2sec

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 17
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

7
2
7 x + 28
dx = 7
1
2 sec q
2 sec2 d 5 a d (t ) = sin ( ) + cos ( )
pt
6
pt
6

cos ( ) – sin ( )
pt S pt
= 7 sec d v (t ) = S
6 6 6 6

sin ( ) cos ( )
= 7 ln |sec + tan | + c −p
2
p t −p
2
St
a (t ) =
2
36 6 36 6
x +4 +x
= 7 ln +c
−p
2
2
a (t ) = d (t )
36
= 7 ln x +4 +x + k
2

acceleration is proportional to displacement.

b Max. speed = 0.740 ms1 when t = 4.50 s (velocity
Exercise 9V
in negative and a minimum at this time).
1 y
P 6 Min. height = 1.82 m when x = 1.31 m
 the first pole is nearer to the point of minimum
0 x r x height.
P(x, sinx)
A = (
– 2x) sinx Exercise 9W
Max. area = 1.12 when x = 0.71046 1 a y

length =
– 2x = 1.72 1
height = sinx = 0.652
2 A (1, –1 ) P (x, cosx) 0 x
–r r r r r
–
AP = ( x − 1) + (cos x + 1) 2 2 2 3 2
–1
Min. distance = 1.11 ( at the point (1.78, –0.025)) y = cos(x)
3 a
p
−
2 S

O cosx dx = > sin x @2S

10 10 −π

B a
2
a
2 a
2
C
= sin ( ) – sin (–
)
−S
2

A = –1 – 0 = –1
In Δ AOC, angle AOC =
–  p

( ) – sin ( )
S
1 p −p
area Δ AOC = .10.10 sin (
– )
3
cosx dx = > sin x @3S = sin
2 −p 2 3 2
2
= 50 sin 
3
Similarly, area AOB = 50sin  = 2
+1
In Δ BOC, angle BOC = 2
– 2
1 3
area BOC =  10.10 sin (2
– 2)  total area = 2 +
2 2
= –50 sin2
b y y = sec2(x)
  area ABC = 50 sin + 50 sin – (–50sin2)
A ( ) = 100 sin + 50sin2 1
= 100 sin + 100 sincos
A () = 100(1 + cos) sin
r 0 r x
b For maximum area,  = 1.05 –
4 4

S
15
4 a t=2 we require t to be a minimum 4
g sin 2T Area = 2 sec2x dx
S
= 0.785 = 4
0
S

b = 0.7854 l =
15 = 2> tan x @04
cos q
p
= 21.213m (nearest mm ) = 2 tan =2
4

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 18
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

c y 2 a y

y = 2sin(2x) y = cos(x)
1 1
1
r 2
–
3
r 0 r r x 0 r r x
– 3 2
2 6 2
S
–1
cos x dx − p
3
Area =
0
0
6
0
sin 2 x dx >  cos 2x @ S S

S
>sin x @ 3
0
S
2 6

= − cos 0 + cos ( )
−
2S
3
= −1 + − = − 3
2 2 ( ) 1 = sin S − sin 0 − S
3 6
S
6
S = 3
−p
2 sin 2x dx >  cos 2x @0 2 6
0
b y y = tan(2x)
= − cos S + cos 0 = − 1 + 1 = 1
3 2 2
√3
area = 2
d y
1 0 r r x
6 4
5r
S
8
p 3
0 r r 2r x Area = − 2
tan 2x dx
3 2 3 6
0
–1 1 π
y = 3 cos(3x)
=p − ⎡ 1 ln sec ( 2 x ) ⎤
3 6
p
6 ⎢
⎣2 ⎥
⎦0
2 S
1
cos3x dx 1
[sin 3x] S 2
5p 3 9
5
18 =S 3
− 1 ⎡⎢ ln sec S − ln sec 0 ⎤⎥
18 5 2⎣ 3 ⎦
= 1
9
(sin 3p
2
− sin 5p
6
) ( = 1
9
−1 − 1
2
) =− 1
6
S 3
6
 1
2
 ln 2  ln1
2p
S 3
sin2S  sin   1 ln 2
3 2S
3S
p
1
cos 3x dx 1
[sin 3x]S3 1
6 2
3 9 2 9 2
2
c y
= 1 ( 0 − ( −1) ) = 1 2r 1
9 9 –
3
0 x
area = 1 + 1 = 5 –r –
r
2 –1
6 9 18
e y –2
3√3
y=–
r –3 2
– –r x
y = 3sin( 2 )
2 3
–r 0 x
3 sin x = −3 3
2 2

y = 4tan( 2 )
x sin x = − 3
2 2
p
x
= −p
− −π

( ) dx = 8 ⎡⎢⎣ln sec
2 3
3
4 tan x x ⎤ 3
2p
2 ⎥⎦ − π x =−
p
− 2
2 2 3

= 8 ⎛⎜ ln sec
⎝
( ) − ln sec ( ) ⎞⎟⎠
−
p
6
−
p
4
0

−2S
3 sin x dx = −6 ⎡⎢cos
2 ⎣ ()x ⎤
0

2 ⎦⎥ −2 π
3
= 8 ⎛⎜ ln − ln ( 2 ) ⎞⎟
( )⎤⎥⎦
2 3

⎝ 3 ⎠ = −6 ⎡⎢cos 0 − cos −
π
⎣ 3
= 8 ln 2
3
= −8 ln 3
2
= −4 ln () 3
2 = −6 1 − 1 = −3 ( ) 2
area = 4 ln ()
3
2
⎛
Area = 2p ⎜ 3
3
3⎞
⎟ − 3 = 3p − 3
⎝ 2 ⎠

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 19
 WORKED SOLUTIONS
2.57915
d y
3 Area = x −4

y = 2cos(2x – 6 ) 2
r
5
2 sin x − e 2 − 1 dx = 1.55
0
y = √2 2
1 6 y= 8
y= x
2
4+x 4
r r r0 r x
2
4 6 24 6 a 8
=
x
⇒ 32 = 4 x 2 + x 4

( )
2
4+x 4
2 cos 2 x − p = 2
6 x 4 + 4 x 2 − 32 = 0
S S
2x − = ( x 2 + 8) ( x 2 − 4 ) = 0
6 4
5S
2x = x 2 = 4, x = ±2 (2, 1), (−2, 1)
12
5S
x= 2
⎛ 8 − x 2 ⎞ dx
24 b, c Area = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 + x2 4 ⎠

( )
5S −2

2 cos 2 x − S dx − 5S ( 2 )
()
2
Area = 24
= ⎡⎢ 8 arc tan − x ⎤⎥
3
x
6 24
0
5π
⎣2 2 12 ⎦ −2

⎣ )
6 ⎦0
(
= ⎡⎢sin 2 x − S ⎤⎥ − 5S ( 2 )
24
24

(
= 4 arc tan 1 − 2 − 4 arc tan ( −1) + 2
3
) ( 3
)
= sin ( ) − sin ( − ) −
S S 5S 2 = (4 p
− 2
) − ( −4 p
+ 2
)
4 6 24 4 3 4 3

= 2 +1
− 5S 2 = 2p − 4
2 24 3

e tan x = 1
Exercise 9X
3 3
=p
S
x
 
S

v=
S sin S  sin 0
2

3 6 1 a cosx dx S > sin x @ 2

0
2
p
x= 0

2 S v=

p
Area = − 2
tan dx x S

S tan S  tan 0
2
2 3
0
3 b v=
sec2x dx S > tan x @ 4
0
p 4
0
p
− ⎡⎢3ln sec x ⎤⎥
2
= v=

2 3 ⎣ 6 ⎦0 5S 5S

− 3 ⎛⎜ ln sec p − ln sec 0 ⎞⎟
b
S
v =

b
p cos2x 2dx (1 + cos2x) dx
= c
2
⎝ ⎠ S S
2 3 6 6 6

p 5S
= − 3 ln 2
Sª x  1 sin 2 x º 6
2 3 3
«
2¬ 2 ¼» S
( )
2.51327 6

3 Area = cos x − cos 2 x dx = 2.38

4
dy
= sec x 2
0 2 S
2
ª
«¬  5S
6
 1 sin 5S 
2 3
 S
6
 1 sin S º»
2 3 ¼

dx

( )p dy
S ª 5S  3
S  3º S ª 2S  3º
,1 =2 2 ¬« 6 4 6 »
4 ¼ 2 ¬« 3 »
2 ¼
4 dx

Tangent: y − 1 = 2 x − p ( ) 4
S  S
3

4
3

y = 2x − p +1
2S 2S
3 3
2 d v=
S
sin2x dx S (1 − cos2x) dx
2 S
p
if y = 0, 2x = − 1
3 3
2S
2
S ªx  1
sin 2 x º» S
3

x=p − 1 2 ¬« 2 ¼ 3
4 2

Area =
p
4
tan x dx − 1 1
()
S
2
ª
¬«  2S
3
 1 sin 4S 
2 3
 S
3
 1 sin 2S º»
2 3 ¼

2 2
0
p
S ª 2S  3
S  3º
= ⎡⎣ ln sec x ⎤⎦ − 1 = ln sec p − ln sec 0 − 1
4
0
2 «¬ 3 4 3 4 »
¼
4 4 4

= ln 2 − = ln 2 − 1 1 1
S S
2
 3

2
3

4 2 4

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 20
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

Exercise 9Y
1 1
S
2 a v=
sin2y dy = 2
(1 − cos2y) dy
0 0 1 y
1
S ª y  1 sin 2 y º 1
2 «¬ 2 »¼ 0
–1–10 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
S
2 «¬ 
ª 1  1 sin 2  0 º
2 »¼  –2
–3
–4
S
2
1  1
2
sin 2  –5

b y = arcsinx, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 (x − 4)2 + (y + 3)2 = 4

S
⇒ x = siny, 0 ≤ y ≤ 2 (y + 3)2 = 4 − (x − 4)2
S
S
S y  3 r 4  ( x  4)2
v=π
2 2
2
sin y dy = (1 − cos2y) dy
2 y 3 r 4  ( x  4)2
0 0

(( −3 − 4 − (x − 4) ) − ( −3 + ) ) dx
S 6
2 2
S ª y  1 sin 2 y º 2 V=π 2
4 − ( x − 4 )2
«
2¬ 2 ¼» 0 2
6
S ª S  1 sin S  (0) º
«2 2
2¬ ¼»
=

2
12 4  (x  4)  dx 2

2 6
S
=12
4  ( x  4)2 dx
4 2
3 b y
y = sin(x)
Let x − 4 = 2sinθ dx = 2cosθ dθ
1 S
x = 2 ⇒ sinθ=-1θ=-
2
S
x = 6 ⇒ sinθ=1⇒θ=
0 r r x 2
r 2
3 2 4  ( x  4) 2cos T
–1 S
y = sin(2x) 2
S
3
v=12π 2cosθ2cosθdθ
v=
(sin2 2x − sin2x) dx −S
2

0 S
2
=24
 (1 + cos2θ)dθ
S

0
3

 1
2
 1
2
cos 4 x   1
2
1
2
cos 2x  dx −S
2

24S ª«T  1 sin 2T º» S

S 2
3
S (cos2x − cos4x) dx ¬ 2 ¼ 2
2 0
S v=24
2
Sª 1 sin 2 x  1 sin 4 x º 3
«2
2¬ 4 ¼» 0 2 (x − 4)2 + (y + 3)2 = 4

Sª 1 sin 2S  1 sin 4S º (x − 4)2 = 4 − (y + 3)2

«2
2¬ 3 4 »
3 ¼
x − 4 = ± 4 − ( y + 3)2
S
2
 4
3

8
3
 3S 3
16 x = 4 ± 4 − ( y + 3)2

(( 4 + ) ) dy
1
c y
) − (4 −
2 2
x
3
y = e –1
v=
4 − ( y + 3)2 4 − ( y + 3)2
5
1.16295 y = arctan x 1

=
16 4  ( y  3)2 dy
0 x 5
2.31442
Let y + 3 = 2sinθ dy=2cosθdθ
( (arctan x ) − (e )
2.31442 x

v=

2 3
− 1)2 dx = 2.35 y=-5⇒sinθ=-1⇒θ=  S
0
2
S
d y = arctanx  x2 + 1 x = tany y=-1⇒sinθ=1⇒θ=
2
x x

y = e − 1 e = y + 1 x = 3 ln(y + 1)
3 3 4  ( y  3)2 2 cos T
S
1.16295 2

v=
((3ln (y + 1)) − tan y) dy = 4.18 2 2 v = 16
2cosθ2cosθdθ=32
2(see qn.1)
−S
0 2

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 21
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

3 y
x2 + y2 = 9
2 sin y + e2 x = 1 ⇒ cos y ⋅ y′ + e2 x ⋅ 2 = 0.
3
−2e2 x
2 ⇒ y′ =
cos y
1
−2e0
–3 –2 –1–10 1 2 3 x ⇒ m = y′(0) = = −2
cos 0
–2 T : y 0 2  x  0  Ÿ y 2 x
–3 m

y2 = 9 − x2 3 sec2 x dx m
ª¬ tan x º¼ S tan m  tan S
S 4 4
3
v =
(9 − x2) dx 4

tan m  1
§ ·
2 ¨¨ 3  1 ¸¸
3 © 2 2¹
3
ª 3 º S
Ÿ tan m  1 3  1 Ÿ tan m 3Ÿm
S «9 x  x » 3
¬ 3 ¼ 3

4 a ( 2x − 5) e 2x
dx = Let 2x − 5 = u 2dx = du
⇒ 1 2x
¬ 3

v S ª« 27  27  27  27 º»
3 ¼
  e dx = dv
2x
2
e = v,
⎛ 5 ⎞ 2x
v = 36
2x − 5 2x
e − e2x dx = ⎜⎝ x − ⎟e − 1 e2 x + c
2 2⎠ 2
4 y = ( x − 3)e 2x
+c
3 2
4x + 9y = 36 2 b
2 dv = cosx dx sign
1
u = x2 − 5 v = sinx +
–3 –2 –1–10 1 2 3 x
2x −cosx −
–2
–3 2 −sinx +
2
4x + 9y = 36
x 2
 5 x  cos x dx x 2
 5 x  sin x
y2 4  4 x2
9  2 x cos x  2sin x  c ;

( 4 − x ) dx x  5 x  2  sin x  2 x cos x  c
3 2
4
v=
2

3
9 c
3
dv = exdx sign
ª º 3
v S «4 x  4 x » u = cosx v = ex +
27
¬ ¼ 3
−3sin3x ex −
=
[(12 − 4) − (−12 + 4)] = 16

2 −9cos3x ex +
5 x = 9− y ,v =

2 9
4
2

2
 9  y  dy
9
4
2

e x cos 3 x dx = e x cos 3 x + e x 3 sin 3 x

2

v S ª«9 y  3 y 3 º» − 9 excos3x dx.

¬ 4 ¼ 2

[(18 − 6) − (−18 + 6)] = 24

10 e x cos 3 x dx = e x cos 3 x + 3e x sin 3 x

✗ Review exercise ( cos 3x + 3 sin 3x )

ex
⇒ excos3x dx = 10
1 a f x   2 x  3  sin x 1 2
5 A d Ÿ dA d ˜ dd
Ÿ f c  x  2 sin x   2 x  3  cos x 2 dt dt
dA 5
Ÿ 5 ˜ 0.2 cm2/s.
dt 5
b g  x  e x cos3 x
6 The curve y = e2 x −1 is given.
Ÿ g c  x  e x cos3 x  e x ˜   sin3 x  ˜ 3
a y = e2 x −1 ⇒ y′ = e2 x −1 ⋅ 2
= e ( cos 3 x − 3 sin 3 x )
x

m = y′ ( x 0 ) = e2 x 0 −1 ⋅ 2 ⇒ T : y − y0 = m ( x − x 0 )
tan x 1 2
c h x  tan x ˜x
2x 2 2 y = 2e2 x 0 −1 ( x − x 0 ) + y0 ⇒
Ÿ hc( x ) 1
sec2 x ˜ x 2  1 tan x ˜  2 x 3  y = 2e2 x 0 −1 x −2e2 x 0 −1 x 0 + e2 x 0 −1
2 2   

x  2sin x cos x 0

2 x 3 cos 2 x
x  sin 2 x
e2 x0 −1 ( −2x0 + 1) = 0 ⇒ x0 = 1
2
2 x 3 cos 2 x
T:y 2x
© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 22
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

Review exercise
1
2 1

b
0
( e2x −1 − 2x ) dx = ⎡⎢⎣ 12 e2x −1 − x 2 ⎤⎥⎦ 2

0 1 We need to find the zeros of the second derivative

1 1 1 e−2 of the function y x 2 sin 2 x ,  1 d x d 1. We
= − − =
2 4 2e 4e
store the variables a and b and then to find the
1 1
y-coordinates of the points of inflexion we input
((e ) − ( 2 x ) ) dx = π
2 2
2 x −1 2
( e4 x −2 − 4 x 2 ) dx
2
c those values of x in the original function.
0 0
1

= S ⎡⎢ 1 e4 x −2 − 4 x 3 ⎤⎥
2

⎣4 3 ⎦0

= S ⎛⎜ 1 − 1 − 1 ⎞
=
(e 2
− 3) S
⎟
⎝4 6 4e2 ⎠ 12e2

7 Let x 3cosT Ÿ dx  3sinT dT , T arccos §¨ x ·¸

©3¹

9  x2 9  9 cos 2 T 3sin T
1 − cos 2T
9  x 2 dx = −9 sin2θ dθ − 9 2
dT

= − 9 ⎡⎢T −
sin 2T ⎤
⎣2 4 ⎥⎦

9
sin §¨ arccos §¨ x ·¸ ·¸ cos §¨ arccos §¨ x ·¸ ·¸  9 arccos §¨ x ·¸  c
2 © © 3 ¹¹ © © 3 ¹¹ 2 ©3¹
x
9  x 2  9 arccos §¨ x ·¸  c
2 2 ©3¹

8 a y
4
3
2
1 So the points of inflexion are

0
 0.760,  0.577  ,  0, 0  and  0.760, 0.577  .
1 2 3 4 x
–1
–2 2 y3 cos x Ÿ 3 y 2 yc  sin x Ÿ yc  sin 2x
3y
b y = ln ( 2x ) ⇒ x = 1 y
e , x = 1 ⇒ y = ln 2
2 When x 1 Ÿ y3 cos1 Ÿ y 3
cos1 0.814
ln2 ln2
⎛ ⎛1 y⎞
2
⎞ ⎛ e ⎞ 2y
π ⎜⎜1 − ⎜ e ⎟ ⎟⎟ dy =π ⎜1 − ⎟ dy m  sin1
 0.423
0 ⎝ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎠ 0 ⎝ 4 ⎠ 3 3 cos 2 1

= S ⎡⎢ y − 1 e2 y ⎤⎥
ln 2
T : y  0.814  0.423( x  1) Ÿ
⎣ 8 ⎦0
y  0.423 x  1.24
S §¨ ln2  4 1·  8 ln 2  3  S
¸ Checking:
© 8 ¹ 8
k k
−2t ⎡ 2t
⎤
k First we find the explicit form of the curve and
5e 3 dt = 5 ⎢− 3 e
−
9 a s= v dt = 3
⎥ graph it on a GDC. y 3 cos x Ÿ y 3 cos x
0 0 ⎣ 2 ⎦0

= 15
2
(1 − e ) −
2k
3

15 15 ⎛ 2k
⎞
= 15 − 0 = 7.5 m
−
b lim
k →∞
s = lim
k →∞
⎜ − e 3
⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ 2

10 x 2 y3 cos S x  Ÿ 2 xy 3  x 2 3 y 2 yc  sin S x  ˜ S
3 2
2 ˜1 1  12 ˜ 3  1 ˜ mT  sin S  ˜ S
2
Ÿ mT Ÿ mN 3
3 2

N : y  1  3  x 1 Ÿ y 3x  1
2 2 2

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 23
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

3 Find the value of a, 0  a  1, such that 5 First we graph the functions and identify the region.
a
1 Then we find the point of intersection between
dx 0.2709
a2
1 x2 the curves and store the x-coordinate to a variable
a
1 called d.
dx = ⎡⎣arcsin x ⎤⎦ a = arcsin a − arcsin a2
a

2 2
1 x
a2
= 0.2709
( cos )
0.601

x − ( e x − 1) dx = 1.31
2
V=π 2
We use a GDC to solve this equation, a 0.500 . 0

The result can be obtained directly on a calculator

by using numerical integration.

4 x A
i
10 km
i
O
10 10 10
tanT Ÿx 7.27
x tan T tan 54q
10 dT
tanT Ÿ sec2 T ˜  102 ˜ dx
x dt x dt
2
sec 2 T 2
˜ sec 2 54q S
dx
x ˜ dT  7.27 ˜  0.267 km–1
dt 10 dt 10 180

So the speed of the plane is 960 km/h.

© Oxf ord University Press 2012: this may be reproduced f or class use solely f or the purchaser’s institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 24