USB cable schematic pinout

Maximum length of cable is 5 m.

Pin Pin
one Signal Description other
side side
usually RED,
USB
wire should
1 Vcc 1
4 pin USB A / USB be 20-28 4 pin USB A or USB
(Vbus)
B / mini-USB jack AWG B plug connector
connector usually
USB WHITE, wire
2 2
Data - should be 28
AWG
usually
USB GREEN, wire
3 3
Data + should be 28
AWG
usually
BLACK, wire
4 GND 4
should be
20-28 AWG
USB D+ and D- are twisted in cable.
Outer shell is made of copper braid and
aluminium shield.
 USB pinout

4 pin USB A or USB B plug connector 4 pin USB A / USB B / mini-USB jack
connector
at the peripherals
at the controller

The Universal Serial Bus is host controlled and there can be only one host per
bus. An USB system consist of a host controller and multiple devices connected
in a tree-like fashion using special hub devices. Hubs may be cascaded, up to 5
levels. Up to 127 devices may be connected to a single host controller. USB
interface aimed to remove the need for adding expansion cards into the
computer's PCI or PCI-E bus, and improve plug-and-play capabilities by allowing
devices to be hot swapped or added to the system without rebooting the
computer. When the new device first plugs in, the host enumerates it and loads
the device driver necessary to run it. The loading of the appropriate driver is
done using a PID/VID (Product ID/Vendor ID) combination supplied by attached
hardware. The USB host controllers has their own specifications: UHCI (Universal
Host Controller Interface) and OHCI (Open Host Controller Interface) are used
with USB 1.1, EHCI (Enhanced Host Controller Interface) is used with USB 2.0
 Cable
Pin Name Description
color
1 VCC Red +5 VDC
2 D- White Data -
3 D+ Green Data +
4 GND Black Ground

Pin x of mini-USB connector may be not connected, connected to GND or used as

attachment identification at some portable devices.

USB pinout signals

USB is a serial bus. It uses 4 shielded wires: two for power (+5v & GND) and two
for differential data signals (labelled as D+ and D- in pinout). NRZI (Non Return
to Zero Invert) encoding scheme used to send data with a sync field to
synchronise the host and receiver clocks. In USB data cable Data+ and Data-
signals are transmitted on a twisted pair. No termination needed. Half-duplex
differential signaling helps to combat the effects of electromagnetic noise on
longer lines. Contrary to popular belief, D+ and D- operate together; they are not
separate simplex connections.

USB transfer modes

Univeral serial bus supports Control, Interrupt, Bulk and Isochronous transfer
modes.

USB transfer rates: Low Speed, Full Speed, Hi-speed.

USB supports three data rates: Low Speed (1.5 Mbit per second) that is mostly
used for Human Input Devices (HID) such as keyboards, mice, joysticks and often
the buttons on higher speed devices such as printers or scanners; Full Speed (12
Mbit per second) which is widely supported by USB hubs, assumes that devices
divide the USB bandwidth between them in a first-come first-serve basis - it"s
easy to run out of bandwidth with several devices; Hi-Speed (480 Mbit per
second) was added in USB 2.0 specification. Not all USB 2.0 devices are Hi-
Speed. A USB device must indicate its speed by pulling either the D+ or D- line
high to 3.3 volts. These pull up resistors at the device end will also be used by
the host or hub to detect the presence of a device connected to its port. Without
a pull up resistor, USB assumes there is nothing connected to the bus.
In order to help user to identify maximum speed of device, USB device often
specify it's speed on it's cover with one of USB special marketing logos.

USB Hi-speed devices

Hi-Speed devices should fall back to the slower data rate of Full Speed when
plugged into a Full Speed hub. Hi-Speed hubs have a special function called the
Transaction Translator that segregates Full Speed and Low Speed bus traffic from
Hi-Speed traffic.
USB powered devices
The USB connector provides a single 5 volt wire from which connected USB
devices may power themselves. A given segment of the bus is specified to
deliver up to 500 mA. This is often enough to power several devices, although
this budget must be shared among all devices downstream of an unpowered
hub. A bus-powered device may use as much of that power as allowed by the
port it is plugged into. Bus-powered hubs can continue to distribute the bus
provided power to connected devices but the USB specification only allows for a
single level of bus-powered devices from a bus-powered hub. This disallows
connection of a bus-powered hub to another bus-powered hub. Many hubs
include external power supplies which will power devices connected through
them without taking power from the bus. Devices that need more than 500 mA
or higher than 5 volts must provide their own power. When USB devices
(including hubs) are first connected they are interrogated by the host controller,
which enquires of each their maximum power requirements. However, seems
that any load connected to USB port may be treated by operating system as
device. The host operating system typically keeps track of the power
requirements of the USB network and may warn the computer's operator when a
given segment requires more power than is available and may shut down
devices in order to keep power consumption within the available resource.

USB power usage:

Bus-powered hubs: Draw Max 100 mA at power up and 500 mA normally.
Self-powered hubs: Draw Max 100 mA, must supply 500 mA to each port.
Low power, bus-powered functions: Draw Max 100 mA.
High power, bus-powered functions: Self-powered hubs: Draw Max 100 mA,
must supply 500 mA to each port.
Self-powered functions: Draw Max 100 mA.
Suspended device: Max 0.5 mA

USB voltage:
Supplied voltage by a host or a powered hub ports is between 4.75 V and 5.25 V.
Maximum voltage drop for bus-powered hubs is 0.35 V from it's host or hub to
the hubs output port. All hubs and functions must be able to send configuration
data at 4.4 V, but only low-power functions need to be working at this voltage.
Normal operational voltage for functions is minimum 4.75 V.

USB cable shielding:

Shield should only be connected to Ground at the host. No device should connect
Shield to Ground.

USB cable wires:

Shielded:
Data: 28 AWG twisted; Power: 28 AWG - 20 AWG non-twisted
Non-shielded:
Data: 28 AWG non-twisted; Power: 28 AWG - 20 AWG non-twisted
Power Gauge Max length
28 0.81 m
26 1.31 m
24 2.08 m
22 3.33 m
20 5.00 m
 mini-USB connector pinout

USB (Universal Serial Bus) designed to connect peripherals and exist in a wide
variety of digital devices.

Pin Name Cable Description

color

5 pin mini-USB plug 1 VCC Red +5 VDC

connector 2 D- White Data -
at the peripherals 3 D+ Green Data +
X ID May be N/C,
GND or used
as an
attached
device
presence
indicator
(shorted to
GND with
resistor)
5 pin mini-USB jack
connector 4 GND Black Ground
at the controller
USB pinout signals
USB is a serial bus. It uses 4 shielded wires: two for power
(+5v & GND) and two for differential data signals (labelled
as D+ and D- in pinout). NRZI (Non Return to Zero Invert)
encoding scheme used to send data with a sync field to
synchronise the host and receiver clocks. In USB data cable
Data+ and Data- signals are transmitted on a twisted pair.
No termination needed. Half-duplex differential signaling
helps to combat the effects of electromagnetic noise on
longer lines. Contrary to popular belief, D+ and D- operate
together; they are not separate simplex connections.

USB cable wires:

Shielded:
Data: 28 AWG twisted; Power: 28 AWG-20 AWG non-twisted

Non-shielded:
Data: 28 AWG non-twisted
Power: 28 AWG - 20 AWG non-twisted
Power Gauge Max length
28 0.81 m
26 1.31 m
24 2.08 m
22 3.33 m
20 5.00 m