Geologic Timescale 2019
Geologic Timescale 2019
Geologic Timescale 2019
PERMIAN
259.1
QUATERNARY
CRETACEOUS
Holocene Upper Middle
273.0
Lower
0.012 100.5 298.9
Upper PROTEROZOIC
Pennsylvanian
307.0
CARBONIFEROUS
Pleistocene Lower Middle
315.2
Lower
2.6 145.0 323.2
Upper
Mississippian
330.9 2500
Pliocene Upper Middle
Neogene
346.7
Lower
5.3 163.5 358.9
JURASSIC
Upper
DEVONIAN
382.7
Miocene Middle Middle ARCHEAN
393.3
Lower
23.0 174.1 419.2
Pridoli
SILURIAN
423.0
TERTIARY
Ludlow
Oligocene Lower 427.4
Wenlock
433.4 4000
Llandovery
33.9 201.3 443.8
Upper
ORDOVICIAN
Paleogene
Upper 458.4
Eocene Middle
237 470.0
TRIASSIC
Lower
56.0 Middle 485.4 HADEAN
Furongian
CAMBRIAN
247.2 497
Epoch 3
Paleocene 509
Lower Epoch 2
521
Terreneuvian
66.0 251.9 541.0 4600
Modified from the following: GSA Geologic Time Scale v. 5.0 and International Chronostratigraphic Chart v. 2018/08 **Explanation:
References: Divisions of geologic time are not to scale.
Cohen, K.M., Harper, D.A.T., Gibbard, P.L. 2018. ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2018/08. International Commission on
Stratigraphy, IUGS. www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale (visited: 2018/08/15) Ma – Millions of years ago
Walker, J.D., Geissman, J.W., Bowring, S.A., and Babcock, L.E., compilers. 2018. Geologic Time Scale v. 5.0: Geological Society of America. The Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic are the Eras of the Phanerozoic.
https://www.geosociety.org/GSA/Education_Careers/Geologic_Time_Scale/GSA/timescale/home.aspx (visited: 2018/08/15)