08 Chlorine Training - Mackenzie PDF

Brenntag Canada Inc.
Chlorine Safe Handling

Gander Workshop, NL.
March 21, 2007
Agenda
• Introduction
• Product Characteristics
• First Aid
• Storage & Transportation
• Handling
• Preventative Measures
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Chlorine Releases
• Summary
• Application of A and/or B Kit

Uses of Chlorine
• Water Purification
• Sewage Treatment
• PVC Plastic Manufacture
• Chemical Intermediate
• Metal Precipitate
Characteristics of Chlorine
• Liquefied Compressed Gas

• Sold in Bulk - Railcars, Trucks and Barges
• Large Packages - Tonners
• Small Packages - Cylinders
• Greenish/Yellow Gas (when concentration > 1000ppm)
• Amber Liquid (while liquid is boiling)
• Potent bleach like smell (subjective 0.02 – 0.3 ppm
perception)
Characteristics of Chlorine Cont…

Hazard Identification
• WHMIS Symbols:
- A-Compressed Gas
- C-Oxidizer
- D-1A-Very Toxic (Acute Effects)
- D-2A-Very Toxic (Chronic Effects)
- E-Corrosive
Hazard Identification Cont…
• Liquefied Compressed Gas

• Boiling Point Liquid to Gas
-34degC
• Freezing Point
-101degC
• Heavier than air (2.5:1) lies in low areas
• 1 volume liquid = 460 volume gas
• Vapor pressure in cylinder at 20degC is about
85psig (temperature dependant)
• Slightly soluble in Water
• Accelerates burning (like oxygen)

- avoid sparks, high temperature, open flames
• Chemically reactive
- combines with water to form acid that will react with
steel (avoid high humidity)
- reacts with organics, combustibles and nitrogen
based products (sometimes violently)
- avoid hydrocarbons, cleaning solvents, paints &
thinners, oil, grease, etc.
• Dry chlorine is NOT Corrosive

• Wet Chlorine (reacted with moisture in Air) IS
Corrosive
• Chlorine reacts with moisture to form hydrochloric or
hypochlorous acid which can/will corrode most steels
• Chlorine gas combines with moisture on skin and in
eyes to cause burning and irritation
First Aid Procedures
• Inhalation
• Skin Contact
• Eye Contact
Note: Please refer to MSDS for additional information.

Inhalation
• 30 ppm shortness of breath, chest pain, possible

vomiting
• 40 - 60 ppm severe irritation of lungs, fluid
collecting
• Prolonged exposure above 50 ppm:
unconsciousness & death
• 100 ppm may cause lethal dose
• Average Lethal Dose: 300 - 400 ppm for 30 minutes
Inhalation Cont...
• Move victim to fresh air

• Give Artificial Respiration if breathing has stopped
• Give CPR if there is no pulse
• Administering of Oxygen should only be done by
trained professionals
• Seek medical attention immediately
Skin Contact
• Gaseous Contact
- Itching will develop as acid is formed on the skin
- Flush area with a continuous stream of tepid water for
20 minutes and seek medical attention
- Do NOT use ointments without medical direction
• Liquid Contact
- Liquid will boil to gas drawing heat from skin and
generating a gaseous exposure
- Treat area for frostbite and chemical exposure with a
continuous stream of tepid water for 20 minutes and
seek medical attention
Eye Contact
• Acids produced in eyes can cause blindness

• Flush eyes with tepid running water for 20 minutes
holding eyes open
• Do not transport victim until flushing has completed
Storage Area
• Store Containers in a dedicated, well marked, secure

area that allows full access to containers
• Ideal temperature is between 10 and 27degC and away
from heat sources
• Detector equipped (low level mounting)
• Adequate ventilation
• Secure container in position
Transportation
• TDG 2.3(8) - Poison Gas, Corrosive

• Packaging Group: X
• UN1017
• Marine Pollutant
• Reportable Release Quantity is 10lbs
• Railcar shipments are chlorine alone/RC
• Tonner truck shipments maybe combined with sulphur
dioxide and/or anhydrous ammonia
• Cylinders are delivered by common carrier van trucks
• Cylinders must be stored and transported in an upright
position.
Container Handling
• Container Valves
• Cylinder Features & Design
• Cylinder Handling
• Tonner Features & Design
• Tonner Handling
Cylinder Valves
• Valve Wrench
• Valves
• Metal/metal contact seal
• Packing gland material and packing nut tension
• Outlet plug valve leak containment
• Valve Threads
• Fusible plug pressure relief (cylinder only)
Valve Opening Procedure

• Verify valve is closed
• Remove Outlet cap and check that the outlet valve face
is clean and smooth
• Connect the “pigtail” using proper yoke and a new
washer
• Tighten connection, close upstream valve - preparing
to allow a small amount of chlorine into the line
• Open the valve momentarily and close
• Check for leaks using full strength aqua ammonia
VAPORS
• Open the valve one complete turn and leave the
wrench on the valve
Valve Closing Procedure

• Close cylinder valve after verifying that the cylinder is
empty
• Allow the system to draw any chlorine remaining in line
from the valve connection area and then close the
upstream valve
• Loosen the yoke connection and check for leaks with
ammonia VAPOR
• Disconnect cylinder and protect process line from
moist air pick up
• Reapply Outlet cap with a “blind” gasket tightly
• Apply valve “bonnet” before returning cylinder to
empty pile
Cylinder Features & Design

• 1/4” steel package with
approximately 80lb tare weight
(base dependant)
• Protective valve cover (bonnet)
• Capable of dispensing liquid or
gas (depending cylinder
orientation)
• High Temperature Pressure
relief device in valve (fuse
plug)
• Emergency Capping Kit A
Cylinder Handling
• Normal Transport & Hook Up
- Transport vertically and secured (cages, carts,
chains)
- Store and transport with bonnet and outlet cap in
position except while in use
- While in use, cylinder should be secured to prevent
falls and a wrench should be left on the valve for quick
closing if necessary.
• Emergency Cylinder Handling
- Isolate cylinder
- Correct leak at source
- Contain leak if not correctable (A Kit, Iron Lung)
Tonner Features & Design

• 3/8” steel package with approximate tare weight of
1400lbs
• Capacity of 2000lbs/907Kg
• protective valve cover (bonnet)
• capable of dispensing liquid (bottom valve) or gas (top
valve)
• 6 High Temperature Pressure relief devices in tonner
(fuse plugs)
• Emergency Capping Kit B
Tonner Handling
• Normal Transport & Hook Up

• Transport horizontally and secure to prevent rolling
• Store and transport with bonnet and outlet caps in
position
• Top valve dispenses gas, bottom valve dispenses
liquid
• Use proper Chlorine Wrench only for valve
operation (no cheating)
• Emergency Cylinder Handling
• Correct leak at source
• Contain leak if not correctable (B Kit)
Tonner Handling Cont…

Brenntag’s Preventative Measures
• All containers are cleaned, inspected & tested every 5

years
• New or reconditioned valves installed
• New Washers shipped with every tonner & cylinder
• Containers held for 24hrs before shipping
Personal Protective Gear
• Changing Bottles
- Low risk of contact - local rules govern
- Eye protection recommended (No contact lenses)
- Gloves to protect hands from impact and dirt
- Respirator fitted for corrosive gas readily accessible
- Steel toed shoes or boots
• Emergency Gear Minor Leaks
- Full face respirator plus equipment above
• Emergency Gear Major Leaks
- SCBA and possibly fully contained chemical suit
Accidental Release Measures
• Have an action plan and train to that plan

• Secure affected and potentially affected areas
• Inform people before taking any action yourself
• Assess extent of leak and/or problem
• Determine your ability to deal with it (equipment,
personnel, training)
• Deal with the situation
• Call supplier for advice
• Call Emergency Responders for Action - 911

Minor Valve & System Leaks
• Stop leak at source (upstream)

• If the valve can not be closed, apply outlet cap with
good gasket
• Inform supplier and carrier of problem by appropriately
marking container
• If leak can not be corrected, apply containment

• Chlorine Capping Kit A or B
• Inform supplier to make arrangements for return
Major Container or System Leaks
• Have an Emergency Action Plan Rehearsed

• Call Emergency Responders for Action - 911
• Secure the area to protect public and employees
• Call supplier for advice
Fire Fighting Measures
• Not Flammable
• Hazardous and Toxic Decomposition Products
• Fuse Plugs will melt if the container is involved in fire
(70degC or 165degF)
• Keep containers cool
• Use Extinguishing media appropriate for surrounding
material
Environmental Impact
• Chlorine will have an adverse effect on the

environment due to the properties that make it effective
(toxic and corrosive)
• It will kill anything if exposed in high enough

concentrations
Summary
• Chlorine is a hazardous chemical
• Treat it with respect by knowing the risks and proper

handling techniques
• Focus on preventing accidental releases
• Chlorine is handled safely by thousands of people

daily
• Nothing gives a residual like Chlorine !!

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Brenntag Canada Inc.

Chlorine Safe Handling

• Application of A and/or B Kit

• Liquefied Compressed Gas

Characteristics of Chlorine Cont…

Hazard Identification Cont…

• Liquefied Compressed Gas

Hazard Identification Cont…

• Accelerates burning (like oxygen)

Hazard Identification Cont…

• Dry chlorine is NOT Corrosive

First Aid Procedures

Note: Please refer to MSDS for additional information.

• 30 ppm shortness of breath, chest pain, possible

• Move victim to fresh air

• Acids produced in eyes can cause blindness

• Store Containers in a dedicated, well marked, secure

• TDG 2.3(8) - Poison Gas, Corrosive

Valve Opening Procedure

Valve Closing Procedure

Cylinder Features & Design

Tonner Features & Design

• Normal Transport & Hook Up

Tonner Handling Cont…

Brenntag’s Preventative Measures

• All containers are cleaned, inspected & tested every 5

Personal Protective Gear

Accidental Release Measures

• Have an action plan and train to that plan

• Call Emergency Responders for Action - 911

Minor Valve & System Leaks

• Stop leak at source (upstream)

• If leak can not be corrected, apply containment

Major Container or System Leaks

• Have an Emergency Action Plan Rehearsed

Fire Fighting Measures

• Chlorine will have an adverse effect on the

• It will kill anything if exposed in high enough

• Chlorine is a hazardous chemical

• Treat it with respect by knowing the risks and proper

• Focus on preventing accidental releases

• Chlorine is handled safely by thousands of people

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