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    Animal Behavior Ethologi

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    Eva Rahmawati
    Animals display a variety of behaviors that help them survive. They move to find food, mates, or avoid predators [1]. Animals are both predators that hunt prey, and prey that are hunted [2]. Some have adaptations like camouflage or warning colors to avoid capture, while others use tools or learned behaviors [3]. Their behaviors are influenced by biological clocks, instincts, learning, and environmental factors like seasons.

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    Animal Behavior Ethologi

    Uploaded by

    Eva Rahmawati
    21 views3 pages
    Animals display a variety of behaviors that help them survive. They move to find food, mates, or avoid predators [1]. Animals are both predators that hunt prey, and prey that are hunted [2]. Some have adaptations like camouflage or warning colors to avoid capture, while others use tools or learned behaviors [3]. Their behaviors are influenced by biological clocks, instincts, learning, and environmental factors like seasons.

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    Perilaku hewan

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    Animals display a variety of behaviors that help them survive. They move to find food, mates, or avoid predators [1]. Animals are both predators that hunt prey, and prey that are hunted [2]. Some have adaptations like camouflage or warning colors to avoid capture, while others use tools or learned behaviors [3]. Their behaviors are influenced by biological clocks, instincts, learning, and environmental factors like seasons.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views3 pages

    Animal Behavior Ethologi

    Uploaded by

    Eva Rahmawati
    Animals display a variety of behaviors that help them survive. They move to find food, mates, or avoid predators [1]. Animals are both predators that hunt prey, and prey that are hunted [2]. Some have adaptations like camouflage or warning colors to avoid capture, while others use tools or learned behaviors [3]. Their behaviors are influenced by biological clocks, instincts, learning, and environmental factors like seasons.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Animal Behavior

    Animals move, but they move for a reason most of the time. They may be searching for food, or they may
    be moving to avoid being food for another animal. They may be looking for a mate, suitable nest sites, new
    territory, or many other reasons. Animals must do many things for their survival.

    Animals are predators and prey organisms. Sometimes they are hunting for food, other times they are being
    hunted for food. Some animals have special adaptations to capture and avoid being captured. Bees often
    are yellow and black, which are warning colors to other organisms to avoid them. Some animals have
    enough “intelligence” to make tools and use them to capture prey. Example: Some chimpanzees have
    learned to poke sticks into ant hills and the ants will attack the stick. The chimpanzee will remove the stick
    with the ants and eat the ants. The stick serves as the chimpanzee’s tool.

    RECALL:
    Predator—an animal that captures and eats another animal
    Prey—an animal that is captured and eaten by another animal

    Some animals have camouflage that enables them to blend into their environment and “hide” from the
    predators. Examples: new born deer (fawns) have spots that appear as sunlight spots hitting the ground
    and caterpillars look like twigs. The insects known as walking sticks look like small sticks. Some insects
    look like the leaves they feed around in order to avoid detection by predators.

    Some animals have other defense mechanisms to avoid being prey. Bright colors often signal the organism
    is poison. The poison dart frogs have toxins that can easily kill other animals. Most poison frogs are brightly
    colored. Some animals may be able to spray a chemical onto an attacker.

    Skunks have the ability to spray an irritant and fowl smelling fluid onto potential predators. The Turkey
    Vulture is capable of projectile vomiting onto another organism if it feels threatened.

    Instincts

    Some animals have innate behaviors (do things based on their genetic make-up). Innate behaviors are
    directly influenced by their genes from their parents. Innate behaviors do not have to be learned.

    Learned Behavior

    Some animals must learn certain skills. Humans must learn to walk, birds must learn to fly, and lions are
    taught to hunt by the members of the pride they belong to. Many animals learn by watching their parents or
    members of the same species.
    Seasonal Behavior: Migrations

    Many animals have the capability of moving great distances when conditions turn unfavorable. We call this
    long distance journey a migration. In North America, the waterfowl (ducks, geese, cranes, etc.) migrate from
    the arctic tundra to the southern United States and northern Mexico during the winter. These same
    waterfowl will return to the arctic tundra to nest, raise their young, and spend the summer months.

    In Africa, the Serengeti plains animals (giraffe, wildebeest, zebra, gazelle, etc.) live in the southern part of
    the plains for the rainy season because the grass is lush and green and available for food. During the
    drought season, the animals must migrate to new habitat in the north. This is many of hundreds of miles
    they must travel (migrate). The predators also must make the migration to follow their food sources.

    The monarch butterflies in the United States migrate to a specific area in Mexico for the winter. There can
    be over 4 million Monarch butterflies per acre at this time of year in Mexico.
    Hibernation

    Some organisms hibernate or go into hibernation during cold periods of the year. The bodily function of
    these organisms slows down dramatically. Many of the organisms’ heart rate drops to almost zero and
    some may have their temperature drop to just above freezing. Bears undergo hibernation for weeks at a
    time during the winter. This is the time of year they also give birth and the mother bear will lose many
    pounds of fat providing food for her own body and producing mild for her cubs.

    Estivation

    On the other extreme of hibernation, we have some animals that undergo estivation during extreme hot
    periods of the year. These organisms are often desert dwellers. Examples include mice and desert ground
    squirrels. During estivation, the organism’s systems almost completely shut down (heart rate drops and they
    produce little or no urine, which conserves water).

    Biological Clocks or Rhythms

    Have you ever noticed squirrels or chipmunks “putting food up” for the winter? Have you ever thought to
    yourself, “Self, how do the animals know when it is time to put food up for the winter or migrate to a better
    location?” Well, the answer is biological clocks and circadian rhythms.

    An organism’s biological clock is the internal control of natural cycles. Much research has been done on
    these “clocks” and scientists think the length of daylight and night may have a major control over an animal
    knowing when to migrate, or put up food for the winter.
    Another biological clock is known as a circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythms control daily cycles. Have you
    ever been in the routine to get up early and then have a day you could sleep late and wake up early any
    way? That is due to your circadian rhythm. If you notice, you often get sleepy at about the same time each
    day.

    Some animals may have seasonal cycles that tell them when to hibernate, estivate, look for a mate, breed,
    or many other behaviors that different animals seem to carry out on a seasonal basis.

    How do animals know where to migrate to? What path to take?

    There has also been many hours spent on researching how animals know what path to follow when they
    make their migratory journeys. Scientists believe several ways are used by animals to know the path.
    Animals must navigate as humans did before the technology Global Positioning Systems and other man
    made devices were available. Many scientists think some organisms travel based on the location of the
    stars and sun in the sky.

    Some scientists believe the organisms become familiar with landmarks (lakes, mountains, or other fixed
    objects) to navigate by. Many bees and pigeons seem to use this method. Some birds appear to recall
    large landmarks like mountain ranges and rivers.

    There is also some evidence that some animals especially certain bird species use the magnetic properties
    of the Earth to navigate by. An analogy would be a person using a compass to travel through a forest. It
    appears that some birds may have a built in compass because scientists have discovered very small
    magnetic crystals in the heads of some birds.
    Animal Behavior Study Guide
    Answer the following questions in your science notebook. Remember to use complete
    sentences!

    1. Animals are _________ and __________ organisms.


    2. __________ - an animal that captures and eats another animal.
    3. __________ - an animal that is captured and eaten by another animal.
    4. Some animals have __________ that enables them to blend into their environment and
    “hide” from the predators.
    5. __________ colors often signal the organism is poisonous.
    6. Some animals have __________ behaviors (do things based on their genetic make-up).
    These behaviors are also called instincts.
    7. Many animals have the capability of moving great distances when conditions turn
    unfavorable. We call this long distance journey a __________.
    8. Some organisms __________ or go into hibernation during cold period of the year.
    9. On the other extreme of hibernation, we have some animals that undergo __________
    during extreme hot period so the year.
    10. An organism’s __________ clock is the internal control of natural cycles.
    11. __________ rhythms control daily cycles.
    12. Some scientists believe the organisms become familiar with __________, which are
    recognizable locations.
    13. There is also some evidence that some animals especially certain bird species use the
    __________ properties of the Earth to navigate.
    14. List 2 instincts predators have and why these are important.
    15. List 2 instincts prey have and why these are important.
    16. Explain how instinct and learned behavior help and organism survive. Give two
    examples of each: instinct and learned behavior.
    17. How is migration beneficial?
    18. Compare and contrast hibernation and estivation.
    19. How do biological clocks or rhythms help an organism survive?
    20. What factors in the environment affect animal behavior?

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