Module 7 - Derivatives of Expo Functions

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
MODULE 7
DIFFERENTIATION OF
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
Laws of Exponent
The laws of exponent are listed below for your quick reference. Let a, b, m, and n
be non-zero numbers or quantity.
I. am ∙ an = a m + n
am
II. = am – n
an
III. am ∙ bm = (ab)m
IV. (am)n = amn
V. a0 = 1
1
VI. a-n =
an
Radicals
Radicals abide by the laws of exponent since they can be expressed exponentially.
√𝑎𝑚 where n is the index of the radical (always positive) and am is the radicand
𝑛
√am = am/n “nth root of am”

n
I.
√an = an/n = 1
n
II.
n n n
III. √a ∙ √b = √ab
n
√a n a
IV. n = √
√b b
Differential Calculus | Derivatives of Exponential Functions | Page 1 of 7

Derivatives of Exponential Functions
Let u and v be a differentiable function of x and a ≠ 0, 1.
d du
I. ( au ) = au ∙ ln a ∙
dx dx
d du
II. ( eu ) = eu ∙
dx dx
d d
III. ( uv ) = uv ∙ ( v ln u )
dx dx
Proof of I and II:
For au, let y = au
ln y = ln au Take ln of both sides.
ln y = u ln a
d d
( ln y ) = ( u ln a ) Differentiate both sides with respect to x.
dx dx
1 d du
∙ (y) = ln a ∙ ln a is a constant.
y dx dx
dy du
= y ln a ∙ Replace y by au, since given.
dx dx
d du
∴ ( au ) = au ln a ∙
dx dx
For eu, simply replace a by e. Then,
d du du du
∴ ( eu ) = eu ln e ∙ = eu ∙ 1 ∙ = eu ∙
dx dx dx dx
Remarks on the three formulas:

All of the three formulas copy the given exponential functions.

EXAMPLE 1. Find y’ of y = 53x – 2
Here a = 5 and u = 3x – 2
dy d
∴ = ( 53x – 2 )
dx dx
d
= 53x – 2 ln 5 ∙ ( 3x – 2 )
dx
= 53x – 2 ln 5 ∙ 3 Note that 5 is “protected” inside ln.
= 53x – 2 ( 3 ln 5 ) Be careful! Baka mamaya ln 15 sagot niyo dyan.
or 53x – 2 ln 125 Ans.
2 + 2x
EXAMPLE 2. Find y’ of y = 4x
2 + 2x d
∴ y’ = 4x ln 4 ∙ ( x2 + 2x )
dx
2
= 4x + 2x
ln 4 ∙ ( 2x + 2 ) Grouping symbols!
2+
= 4x 2x
( 2x + 2 ) ln 4 Ans.
You can still express the answer into different equivalent forms by applying laws of
exponent and properties of logarithm, but be careful and be sure you do not disobey any
mathematical rule and law.
2 +2x)
= 22(x ∙ 2 ( x + 1 ) ∙ 2 ln 2
2 + 4x + 1 + 1
= 22x ( x + 1 ) ln 2
2 + 4x
= 22x +2
( x + 1 ) ln 2 Ans.
2 + 2x
or = 22(x + 1)
( x + 1 ) ln 2
2 + 2x
= 4x +1
( x + 1 ) ln 2 Ans.

EXAMPLE 3. Find y’ of y = (5b)sin x Note: 5 is included in the base. This is not the
same as 5bsin x
d
∴ y’ = (5b)sin x
dx
d
= (5b)sin x ln 5b ∙ ( sin x )
dx
d
= (5b)sin x ln 5b ∙ cos x ∙ (x)
dx
= (5b)sin x cos x (ln 5b) Ans.
EXAMPLE 4. Find the first derivative of y = ecsc x
d
∴ y’ = ( ecsc x )
dx
d
= ecsc x ∙ ( csc x )
dx
= ecsc x ∙ (-csc x cot x)
= - ecsc xcsc x cot x Ans.
EXAMPLE 5. Find the first derivative of y = xex. This takes the form u ∙ v
d
∴ y’ = ( xex )
dx
d d
=x∙ ( ex ) + ex ∙ (x)
dx dx
= xex + ex
= ex ( x + 1 ) Ans.

ex + e-x
EXAMPLE 6. Find y’ of y =
2
ex + e-x 1
y= = ( ex + e-x )
2 2
1 d d
∴ y’ = [ ( ex ) + ( e-x ) ] Grouping symbols!
2 dx dx
1 d
= [ ex + e-x ∙ ( -x ) ]
2 dx
ex − e-x
= Ans.
2
EXAMPLE 7. Find y’ of y = xx. This one takes the form uv
d
∴ y’ = ( xx )
dx
d
= xx ∙ ( x ln x )
dx
d d
= xx [ x ∙ ( ln x ) + ln x ∙ (x)] → Product Rule
dx dx
1 dx
= xx [ x ∙ ∙ + ln x ]
x dx
= xx ( 1 + ln x ) Ans.
EXAMPLE 8. Find y’ of xy = exy
d d
( xy ) = ( exy )
dx dx
d
xy' + y = exy ( xy )
dx
xy' + y = exy ( xy' + y ) Warning! Do not cancel out xy’ + y
xy' + y = exyxy' + exyy

xy' – exyxy' = exyy – y
y' ( x – exyx ) = y ( exy – 1 )
y ( exy −1 )
y' =
x( 1 − exy )
y ( exy − 1 )
=
x [-1( exy −1 )]
y
=– Ans.
x
EXAMPLE 9. Use the chain rule to find y’, given y = 5au and u = ln sin x.
dy d
∴ = ( 5au )
du du
d
=5∙ ( au )
du
= 5au ln a
du d
∴ = ( ln sin x )
dx dx
1 d
= ∙ ( sin x )
sin x dx
1
= ∙ cos x
sin x
= cot x
dy du
∴ y’ = ∙
du dx
= 5au ln a ∙ cot x
= 5aln sin x (cot x) ln a Ans.
Note: You must group the terms properly so that it will be understood kung ano ang nasa
loob LANG ng ln, ng cotangent, ng arcsine, and other functions.

Exercise 7.1
Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________________________
Course, Year and Section: ________________________
I. Find y’.
1. y = 5x4x
2. y = ( 1 – ex )10
3. y = xsin x

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DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

IV. (am)n = amn

√am = am/n “nth root of am”

Differential Calculus | Derivatives of Exponential Functions | Page 1 of 7

Proof of I and II:

For au, let y = au

ln y = ln au Take ln of both sides.

For eu, simply replace a by e. Then,

Remarks on the three formulas:

Differential Calculus | Derivatives of Exponential Functions | Page 2 of 7

= 53x – 2 ln 5 ∙ 3 Note that 5 is “protected” inside ln.

= 53x – 2 ( 3 ln 5 ) Be careful! Baka mamaya ln 15 sagot niyo dyan.

or 53x – 2 ln 125 Ans.

Differential Calculus | Derivatives of Exponential Functions | Page 3 of 7

= (5b)sin x cos x (ln 5b) Ans.

EXAMPLE 4. Find the first derivative of y = ecsc x

= ecsc x ∙ (-csc x cot x)

= - ecsc xcsc x cot x Ans.

Differential Calculus | Derivatives of Exponential Functions | Page 4 of 7

EXAMPLE 7. Find y’ of y = xx. This one takes the form uv

EXAMPLE 8. Find y’ of xy = exy

xy' + y = exy ( xy' + y ) Warning! Do not cancel out xy’ + y

xy' + y = exyxy' + exyy

Differential Calculus | Derivatives of Exponential Functions | Page 5 of 7

y' ( x – exyx ) = y ( exy – 1 )

= 5aln sin x (cot x) ln a Ans.

Differential Calculus | Derivatives of Exponential Functions | Page 6 of 7

Differential Calculus | Derivatives of Exponential Functions | Page 7 of 7

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