Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 290 views

    Fluids Exp 2

    Uploaded by

    Ely Reyes
    The document describes an experiment to determine the specific gravity of fluids using a U-tube manometer. The experiment involves measuring the heights of water and test liquids (diesel, kerosene, oil) in the U-tube to calculate specific gravity. Three trials were conducted for each liquid, increasing the liquid height each time. Specific gravities were calculated by taking the ratio of the water and liquid heights. The oil was found to have the highest specific gravity, followed by diesel then kerosene. Some errors observed included bubbles forming in the water and contamination between liquids. The document provides the objective, procedure, results, and conclusion of the experiment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Fluids Exp 2

    Uploaded by

    Ely Reyes
    290 views9 pages
    The document describes an experiment to determine the specific gravity of fluids using a U-tube manometer. The experiment involves measuring the heights of water and test liquids (diesel, kerosene, oil) in the U-tube to calculate specific gravity. Three trials were conducted for each liquid, increasing the liquid height each time. Specific gravities were calculated by taking the ratio of the water and liquid heights. The oil was found to have the highest specific gravity, followed by diesel then kerosene. Some errors observed included bubbles forming in the water and contamination between liquids. The document provides the objective, procedure, results, and conclusion of the experiment.

    Original Description:

    hy

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document describes an experiment to determine the specific gravity of fluids using a U-tube manometer. The experiment involves measuring the heights of water and test liquids (diesel, kerosene, oil) in the U-tube to calculate specific gravity. Three trials were conducted for each liquid, increasing the liquid height each time. Specific gravities were calculated by taking the ratio of the water and liquid heights. The oil was found to have the highest specific gravity, followed by diesel then kerosene. Some errors observed included bubbles forming in the water and contamination between liquids. The document provides the objective, procedure, results, and conclusion of the experiment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    290 views9 pages

    Fluids Exp 2

    Uploaded by

    Ely Reyes
    The document describes an experiment to determine the specific gravity of fluids using a U-tube manometer. The experiment involves measuring the heights of water and test liquids (diesel, kerosene, oil) in the U-tube to calculate specific gravity. Three trials were conducted for each liquid, increasing the liquid height each time. Specific gravities were calculated by taking the ratio of the water and liquid heights. The oil was found to have the highest specific gravity, followed by diesel then kerosene. Some errors observed included bubbles forming in the water and contamination between liquids. The document provides the objective, procedure, results, and conclusion of the experiment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Experiment No.

    2
    SPECIFIC GRAVITY DETERMINATION
    1. Objective(s):
    The activity aims to determine the specific gravity of fluids using U-tube manometer
    2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

    The students shall be able to:


     Determine the specific gravity of fluids using U-tube manometer
     Expand the knowledge on other uses of U-tube manometer in other experiments.
     Apply the techniques and skills in using U-tube manometer to professional engineering
    practice

    3. Discussion:

    Specific gravity of a fluid is the dimensionless ratio of specific weight Y or density P of a


    fluid to the specific weight Ys or density Ps of the standard substance.

    For liquids and solids, the standard substance is pure water at 4 °C at which temperature,
    its specific weight, Ys is equal to 9.81 kN/m3, and Ps is equal to 1000 kg/m3 are at their
    maximum values. With these constants, equation 1.1 may be used to compute the specific
    weight and density of a fluid given its specific gravity S. For gases, the temperature and
    pressure has Ys=12.7 N/m3 and Ps=1.29 kg/m3.

    The specific gravity should not be confused with the density since these are two
    properties of a substance, the first one being dimensionless and the second having the
    dimension kg/m3 or gm/cm3. In the SI units, however, these two are numerically equal if the
    density is expressed in gm/cm3. For example, water has specific gravity of unity and density
    of 1 gm/cm3.

    4. Resources/ Instrument Required:

     U-tube Manometer
     Ruler
     Glass Funnel
     Rubber Tubing
     Oil, Kerosene, Diesel
     Beaker / Erlenmeyer Flask

    5. Procedure:

    1. Pour a quantity of distilled water in the U-tube glass manometer.


    2. Add a quantity of oil inside the U-tube glass manometer until it stands.
    3. Measure the heights of oil inside the U-tube.
    4. Using the formula derived below, determine the unknown specific gravity of your
    desired liquid.
    5. Points 1 and 2 are exposed to the atmosphere, therefore gage pressure is zero.
    6. If fluid 1 has known specific gravity, then
    Ρ1 = Ρw (1.1)
    y1h1 = ywhw (1.2)

    (SG) ywh1 = (1)ywhw (1.3)


    SG = (1) hw (1.4)
    h1
    7. Repeat procedures 1 to 4 with other liquids. For heavy liquids, use mercury as
    standard fluid.

    Data and Results:

    LIQUIDS TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3

    DIESEL 15.5 17.1 20.8

    WATER 12.9 14.2 17.2

    LIQUIDS TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3

    KEROSENE 7.4 11.1 14.8

    WATER 5.7 8.6 11.5

    LIQUIDS TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3

    OIL 8.1 9 14

    WATER 7.3 8.1 12.7


    Computations:

    FORMULA ON GETTING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE LIQUID

    SG = height of the water / height of the liquid

    FOR DIESEL
    TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
    SG = 12.9 / 15.5 SG = 14.2 / 17.1 SG = 17.2 / 20.8
    SG = .832 SG = .830 SG = .827

    FOR KEROSENE
    TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
    SG = 5.7 / 7.4 SG = 8.6 / 11.1 SG = 11.5 / 14.8
    SG = .770 SG = .775 SG = .777

    FOR OIL

    TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3


    SG = 7.3 / 8.1 SG = 8.1 / 9 SG = 12.7 / 14
    SG = .901 SG = .900 SG = .907

    SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF LIQUIDS

    LIQUIDS TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 AVERAGE

    DIESEL 0.832 0.830 0.827 0.830

    KEROSENE 0.770 0.775 0.777 0.774

    OIL 0.901 0.900 0.907 0.903


    Documentation:

    Observation:

    Experiment 2 is all about measuring the specific gravity of the liquid. In this
    experiment, there are three liquids that were used these are the diesel, kerosene and
    oil. The specific gravity was measured through the use of the U tube manometer and
    placing it with distilled water inside and the liquids that were being test. After that the
    water will have its height and also the liquids. The specific gravity will be obtained by
    the ratio of water and liquid in terms of the height. The height of the water and liquid
    was measured using the ruler. Three trials was conducted in this experiment
    increasing the height of the liquid in each trial.

    During the experiment, we observed that the most error usually formed when
    pouring a water in the U tube manometer was that in some trial there are forming a
    bubbles which means that there was an air. Also, another error that we noticed is
    using the rubber tubing, it mixed with the other liquid and may affect the accuracy of
    the result. Based on the date we gathered, the oil and the diesel have higher specific
    gravity compared to the kerosene. Also when we poured the oil in the rubber tubing
    we noticed that it flows slower compared to the diesel and the kerosene.

    Conclusion:

    Based from the result and the date we gathered after the experiment, we
    therefore conclude that out of the three liquid that we tested the oil is the highest in
    specific gravity compared to the other two which is the kerosene and the diesel. We
    also observed some errors that may affect the result and the accuracy of the data we
    gathered these was the bubbles that occurred during the experiment. Another is the
    instruments used were not clean at all that may somehow contaminated and mixing
    by other liquids. Overall, we have observed the experiment and we were able to get
    the result that we desired.
    TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
    MANILA CAMPUS

    FLUID MECHANICS
    CE 402
    CE41FA5

    SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF DETERMINATION


    EXPERIMENT NO.2

    SUBMITTED BY:

    1820079 Reyes, Elyssa _________________

    Members:

    1520181 Canales, Rogelio II R. _______________

    1720244 Dioco, Angelo M. _______________

    1511104 Delos Angeles, Michael _______________

    11410275 Peralta, William _______________

    1511225 Villarin, Jan Alexander _______________

    SUBMITTED TO:

    ENGR. GERARDO G. JUSTO


    DATE SUBMITTED:
    November 16, 2018
    8. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):

    BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT


    CRITERIA SCORE
    1 2 3
    I. Laboratory Skills
    Members
    Members do not Members always
    occasionally
    Manipulative Skills demonstrate demonstrate needed
    demonstrate
    needed skills. skills.
    needed skills
    Members are able
    Members are Members are able to
    Experimental to set-up the
    unable to set-up set-up the material with
    Set-up materials with
    the materials. minimum supervision.
    supervision.
    Members
    Members do not
    occasionally Members always
    demonstrate
    Process Skills demonstrate demonstrate targeted
    targeted process
    targeted process process skills.
    skills.
    skills.
    Members do not Members follow
    Members follow safety
    Safety Precautions follow safety safety precautions
    precautions at all times.
    precautions. most of the time.
    II. Work Habits
    Time Management Members finish ahead
    Members do not Members finish on
    / Conduct of of time with complete
    finish on time with time with
    Experiment data and time to revise
    incomplete data. incomplete data.
    data.
    Members do not Members have
    know their tasks defined Members are on tasks
    and have no responsibilities and have defined
    Cooperative and defined most of the time. responsibilities at all
    Teamwork responsibilities. Group conflicts are times. Group conflicts
    Group conflicts cooperatively are cooperatively
    have to be settled managed most of managed at all times.
    by the teacher. the time.
    Clean and orderly
    Clean and orderly
    Messy workplace workplace with
    Neatness and workplace at all times
    during and after occasional mess
    Orderliness during and after the
    the experiment. during and after the
    experiment.
    experiment.
    Members require
    Members require Members do not need
    Ability to do occasional
    supervision by the to be supervised by the
    independent work supervision by the
    teacher. teacher.
    teacher.
    Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
    (𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
    𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
    24
    × 100

    You might also like