List of 188 Japanese Particles
List of 188 Japanese Particles
List of 188 Japanese Particles
16 に (ni) Indicates the surface of a object where some action takes place
21 より (yori) Indicates a starting point in time or place but more formal than kara (20)
47 でも (demo) Together with an interrogative word it means “anything”, “anyone”, any time”
51 は (wa) + が (ga) Indicates the relation between an object / subjects and a verb or adjective
53 を (wo/o) Used with an verb expressing emotions, it indicates the cause of this emotion
64 ところ (tokoro) Indicates that an action takes place, just took place or is about to take place
65 が (ga) Indicates the subject of subordinate clause when it is different from the subject of the main
clause
66 から (kara) conjunction meaning “after” or “since”
81 たら (tara) Used as a conjunction to indicate that one action takes place before the action described in
the main sentence
82 ところ (tokoro) Used as a conjunction to indicate a condition that brings about a discovery
93 とか (toka) Indicates that a list of two ore more things or actions is not exhaustive
100 とも (tomo) Used with numbers and counters to mean “both” or “all”
101 ながら (nagara) Used with numbers and counters to mean “both” or “all”
102 しか (shika) Used with a negative verb to indicate limits on conditions or quantities meaning “only”
103 しかない (shika nai) used with a verb meaning “to have no choice but to”
107 に (ni) Indicates the one acting or the one acted upon
110 だの (dano) Indicates two or more items or actions of a longer list (similar to toka とか)
111 だの (dano) Indicates a pair of opposite actions or states
115 ても (temo) Indicates an approximate limit with the meaning of “at the most”
120 くらい (kurai) Expresses an extent of an action or condition similar to ぐらい gurai
121 ほど (hodo) Indicates the extend of an action or condition
134 にしては (ni shite wa) Indicates a generally agreed upon standard
148 かないうちに (ka nai uchi “no sooner had”, “hardly had”
ni)
149 ばかり (bakari) Indicates the only action left to do
154 ともあろうひと (tomo aroo To express that someone did something not to be expected
hito)
155 どころか (dokoro ka) “far from”, “not to mention”
170 かしら (kashira) At the end of a sentence to express uncertainty, a request or a question and mainly used by
women
171 かな (kana) At the end of a sentence to express uncertainty, a request or a question and mainly used by
men
172 な (na) At the end of a sentence and used by men to confirm a statement
176 の (no) At the end of a sentence to express a question or soften a command, used by women
178 さ (sa) At the end of a sentence to indicate slight emphasis, used by men
180 こと (koto) At the end of a sentence to express a suggestion or invitation, used by women
183 ものか (monoka) At the end of a sentence to express a negative determination, used by men
184 や (ya) At the end of a sentence to soften a statement, request or suggestion, used by men
186 やら (yara) At the end of a sentence to indicate a rhetorical question with a negative implication
187 ぜ (ze) At the end of a sentence to add for to sentence, used by men
188 ぞ (zo) At the end of a sentence to add force to a sentence or to express a question to oneself