1248 PDF
1248 PDF
1248 PDF
Cinzia Buratti, Irene Costarelli, Franco Cotana, Luca Crisostomi and Francesco Fantozzi
University of Perugia – Biomass Research Centre
Via M.Iorio 8, 06128 Perugia, Italy
Tel.: +39.075.5004209 Fax. +39.075.5153321
e-mail: cburatti@crbnet.it; costarelli@crbnet.it, cotana@crbnet.it, crisostomi@crbnet.it, fanto@crbnet.it
ABSTRACT: The use of renewable energy sources is becoming important to reduce global warming and to
provide fuel supply. Biomass fuels have to be used in a clean and more efficient way; so, it’s important to
know their chemical and physical characteristics, in order to choose the best energetic conversion process.
The Biomass Research Centre, founded in 2003 by the Italian Ministry of Environment and the University of
Perugia, realized a laboratory to study physical and chemical characteristics of biomass. Laboratory aims to
create a database for Italy, with data of ultimate analysis, proximate analysis and lower calorific value, in
compliance with Italian Standard UNI, European CEN/TS and American Technical Norms ASTM. The main
samples analyzed are residual and forestry biomass, collected from Umbria Region, and solid biofuels such
as pellets and chips. Archive and experimental data are periodically updated and increased.
Keywords: Biofuels standardisation, Biomass composition, Biomass characteristics
4 EXPERIMENTAL DATA
70 10 5
100 100 10
9 4,5
90 60
8 4
80 90 8 50 7 3,5
70
60 40 6 3
80 6
%
50 5 2,5
%
%
30
%
40 70 4 4 2
30 20 3 1,5
20 60 2 2 1
10
10 1 0,5
0 50 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
M o i s t ur e ( w b ) Ash (db)
100 20 HHV (db) HHV (db) HHV (db)
80 19 25
25
60 18 19
%
40 17
20 16
17
0 15 20 20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 14
15
13
12
11 13
15 15
10
MJ/kg
V o lat i l e ( d b ) 9
MJ/kg
11
8
100 7 9 10
90 6 10
80 5 7
% 4
70
3 5
5
60 2
5
50 1
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2
0 2 4 % 6 8 10 12
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0
Figure 6: Proximate Analysis of Black Locust samples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 10
MJ/kg
20
17
75 5
%
50
%
70 20
40 4 15
20
65 3
30 13
20 60 2 15
MJ/kg
11
10 55 1 15
MJ/kg
0 50 0 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 7
5 3
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
80
10 5
70 4,5
Figure 12: LHV of Poplar, Black Locust and Vine
9
60 8 4 pruning samples
7 3,5
50
6 3
40 All results were compared with data from Literature
%
5 2,5
%
10 Hydrogen(daf)
11
10
5 DATA BASE
8
9
8
6 7
%
4
6
5
A data base for data collection was implemented, in
2 4
3
order to record all measured data.
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
2
1 Each record is divided into three parts: in the first one
0 1 %2 3 4
the sample characterization is done (identifying code,
biomass group, sample description); in the second one
Figure 9: Ultimate Analysis of Black Locust samples the sample origin is recorded (site, address of the
supplier, quantity, sample preparation description); in the compared with data from Literature and a good
third one results of analysis are reported. agreement was found.
Data can be looked up with a research key (i. e. for A data base for data collection was implemented, in
kind of biomass, origin, CHN range contents, C/N ratio, order to record all measured data.
Moisture range values, etc.).
7 NOMENCLATURE
Table VI: Results for Poplar samples and comparison
with [13, 14] CRB: Biomass Research Centre;
Parameter CRB laboratory Literature data wb: wet bases;
Moisture (% wb) 30.17 – 50.13 7.60 – 9.60 db: dry bases;
Ash (% db) 2.620 – 6.120 1.80 – 3.40 daf: dry ash free;
Volatile (% db) 83.58 – 88.96 73.6 – 74.4 FC Fixed carbon (%)
FC (% db) 7.690 – 12.10 14.3 – 16.5 HHV: Higher Heat Value (MJ/kg);
HHV (MJ/kg) 20.25 – 24.48 18.4 – 20.7 LHV: Lower Heat Value (MJ/kg).
LHV (MJ/kg) 18.65 – 22.62 18.0 – 19.3
RSD: Relative Standard Deviation
C (% daf) 50.90 – 60.41 49.2 – 49.6
H (% daf) 6.080 – 8.870 7.20 – 8.00
N (% daf) 0.100 – 1.620 0.10 – 0.20 8 REFERENCES