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EN BANC
ZENMOND D. DUQUE, A.M. No. P-16-3505

Complainant, [Formerly OCA IPI No. 13-4134-P)
Present:
BERSAMIN, CJ,
CARPIO,
PERALTA,
DEL CASTILLO,
PERLAS-BERNABE,
- versus - LEONEN,
JARDELEZA,
CAGUIOA,
REYES, JR., A.B.,
GESMUNDO,
REYES, JR., J.C.,
HERNANDO, and
CESAR C. CALPO, COURT CARANDANG, JJ.
STENOGRAPHER III,
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, Promulgated:
BRANCH 16, CAVITE CITY,
January 22,
Respondent.
x -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
DECISION
PERCURIAM:
This refers to the May 28, 2013 Complaint-Affidavit 1 filed by

Zenmond D. Duque (complainant) against Cesar C. Calpo (respondent),
Court Stenographer III,. Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Cavite City, Cavite,
Branch 16, before the Office of the Court Administrator (OCA) for
1
Rollo, pp. 1-5.
DECISION 2 A.M. No. P-16-3505
[Formerly OCA IPI No. 13-4134-P)
malfeasance, grave misconduct, dishonesty, and conduct unbecoming of a

public official in the judiciary.
Respondent filed a Comment, 2 dated September 6, 2013 on the

complaint-affidavit. In his comment, respondent neither denied nor admitted
receiving any amount from complainant and giving the latter a copy of any
decision.
Considering the conflicting statements of the parties and seriousness of

the charges, the Court referred the administrative complaint for investigation
to the Executive Judge of the RTC of Cavite City, Cavite. 3
In his June 14, 2016 Report, 4 the investigating judge, Executive Judge
Agapito S. Lu, declared that after conducting hearings, he obtained the
following information:
Complainant, a member of the Philippine Coast Guard, alleged that

sometime in September 2010, he met respondent through a common friend.
After opening up about his marital problems to respondent, the latter
voluntarily offered his services to help complainant secure an annulment order
from the court. As payment, complainant paid respondent the total amount of
One hundred fifty thousand pesos (P150,000.00) in three equal installments,
evidenced by receipts duly signed by respondent. 5
Sometime within the last week of October or first week of November

2010, respo_ndent accompanied complainant to the office of a certain Dr.
Macario S. Barinque in Mandaluyong City for a psychological examination.
A few weeks later, complainant received a copy of the psychological
examination results. 6
Months passed but there was no progress in the annulment case. A year
later, sometime in November 2011, respondent gave a copy of the Decision7
issued by the RTC ofDasmariiias City, Cavite, Branch 90, docketed as Civil
2
Id. at 62-63.
3
ld. at 81-82; Resolution dated July 7, 2014.
4
Id. at 242-225.
5
Id. at 6, 7 and 17.
6
Id. at 8-16.
7
Id. at 18-29.
Case No. DAS-815-11, penned by Executive Judge Perla V. Cabrera-Faller

(Judge Cabrera-Faller), granting complainant an annulment of his marriage.
Suspicious of the veracity of the decision, complainant followed the

advice of a lawyer and sought to verify its authenticity. To his dismay,
complainant learned that there was no such case and that Judge Cabrera-Faller
had not issued any such decision. He also learned that her signature therein
was a forgery.
Complainant confronted respondent of his discovery, who begged

complainant not to file any case against him and promised to return the money.
Despite several demands and time to comply, respondent failed to fulfill

his promise. On April 10, 2013, complainant sent a demand letter requiring
respondent to pay the amount within five ( 5) days from receipt thereof,
otherwise, complainant would file the appropriate criminal and administrative
cases. But the demand fell on deaf ears, hence, the present administrative
complaint.
During the investigation, respondent admitted to receiving the amount

of Pl 50,000.00 from complainant. He explained that he used the money for
the processing fee, filing fee, psychological examination fee, and lawyer's fee.
However, respondent denied that he handed the subject decision to
complainant.
After the hearings, the investigating judge determined that it was

respondent who offered his services to complainant for the annulment of the
latter's marriage for a fee ofP150,000.00, which respondent did not deny. The
investigating judge also resolved that respondent manufactured and falsified
the decision purportedly rendered by the RTC of Dasmarifias City, Cavite,
Branch 90 and forged the signature of Judge Cabrera-Faller appearing
thereon. Considering that the acts of respondent clearly constitute grave
misconduct, the investigatingjudge recommended the dismissal of respondent
from service and all of his benefits forfeited therefor. I
The OCA Recommendation
In its October 28, 2016 Report and Recommendation, 8 the OCA

concurred with the findings of the investigating judge and accordingly found
respondent guilty of grave misconduct and recommended his dismissal from
service, with forfeiture of retirement benefits, except accrued leave credits,
and perpetual disqualification from re-employment in government service.
The OCA subscribed to the findings of the investigating judge that
respondent's act of receiving money from a litigant to facilitate the annulment
of his marriage amounted to grave misconduct.
The OCA further explained that respondent, as a court stenographer,

was not authorized to collect or receive any amount of money from any
litigant. The act of collecting or receiving money from a litigant constituted
grave misconduct in office.
The Court's Ruling
The Court adopts and accepts the findings and recommendation of the
OCA.
Misconduct is a transgression of some established and definite rule of

action, more particularly, unlawful behavior or gross negligence by the public
officer. 9 It is intentional wrongdoing or deliberate violation of a rule of law or
standard of behavior and to constitute an administrative offense, the
misconduct should relate to or be connected with the performance of the
official functions and duties of a public officer. 10 In order to differentiate gross
misconduct from simple misconduct, the elements of corruption, clear intent
to violate the law, and not a mere error of judgment, or flagrant disregard of
established rule, must be manifest in the former. 11
On the other hand, dishonesty means "a disposition to lie, cheat,

deceive or defraud; untrustworthiness; lack of integrity, lack of honesty,
probity or integrity in principle; lack of fairness and straightforwardness;
disposition to defraud, deceive or betray." 12 !
8
Id. at 229-231.
9
Judge Tolentino-Genito v. Pineda, A.M. No. P-17-3756, October 10, 2017.
JO Id.
JI Id.
12
Geronca v. Magalona, 568 Phil. 564-570 (2008).
Respondent's actuations clearly demonstrate an intent to violate the law

or a persistent disregard of well-known rules. 13 Respondent deceived
complainant into believing he had the power to obtain an annulment order in
complainant's favor. Receiving money from complainant, on the
consideration that he can obtain a favorable decision from the court, falsifying
a court decision, and forging the signature of the trial court judge, undeniably
constitute grave misconduct and serious dishonesty.
A public servant is expected to exhibit, at all times, the highest degree

of honesty and integrity and should be made accountable to all those whom
he serves. 14 The same principle applies from the judge to the least and lowest
of the judiciary's employees and personnel. 15 Unfortunately, respondent failed
to exact the same integrity, propriety, decorum, and honesty. Without a doubt,
therefore, respondent patently committed grave misconduct and dishonesty.
Sec. 46, Rule 10 of the Revised Rules on Administrative Cases in the

Civil Service, promulgated on November 8, 2011, classifies grave misconduct
and serious dishonesty as grave offenses. 16 Accordingly, the imposable
penalty for grave misconduct and serious dishonesty is the extreme penalty of
dismissal from service. Sec. 52(a) of the same Rules states that the penalty of
dismissal shall carry with it the cancellation of eligibility, forfeiture of
retirement benefits, and perpetual disqualification from holding public office
and bar from taking civil service examinations. 17
WHEREFORE, respondent CESAR C. CALPO, Court Stenographer

III, Regional Trial Court of Cavite City, Cavite, Branch 16, is found GUILTY
of grave misconduct and serious dishonesty. He is hereby DISMISSED from
service, with FORFEITURE of all benefits, except accrued leave credits, if
any, and PERPETUALLY DISQUALIFIED from re-employment in any
government instrumentality, including government-owned and controlled
corporations, without prejudice to the filing of appropriate criminal and civil
cases.
SO ORDERED.!
13
Gacadv. Judge C/apis, Jr., 691 Phil. 126, 140 (2012).
14
Judge To/entino-Geni/o v. Pineda, supra note 9.
15 Id.
16
Revised Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service, Rule l 0, Sec. 46.
17
Revised Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service, Rule 10, Sec. 52(a).
WE CONCUR
~
Associate Justice
#"
- ~t'~ /JJI. VJ.,M/"

MARIANO C. DEL CASTILLO ESTELA MJ PERLAS-BERNABE
Associate Justice Associate Justice
FRAN~A
Associate Justice
S. CAGUIOA ANDRE
Asso
{j t.4
REYES, JR.
e Justice
t-o /
cn EC.~S,JR.
ssociate Justice
RAM~."tER;fANDo
Associate Justice Associate Justice
,.,,.,.

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3aepuhhr of tbe llbtlipptnes

ZENMOND D. DUQUE, A.M. No. P-16-3505

This refers to the May 28, 2013 Complaint-Affidavit 1 filed by

malfeasance, grave misconduct, dishonesty, and conduct unbecoming of a

Respondent filed a Comment, 2 dated September 6, 2013 on the

Considering the conflicting statements of the parties and seriousness of

Complainant, a member of the Philippine Coast Guard, alleged that

Sometime within the last week of October or first week of November

Case No. DAS-815-11, penned by Executive Judge Perla V. Cabrera-Faller

Suspicious of the veracity of the decision, complainant followed the

Complainant confronted respondent of his discovery, who begged

Despite several demands and time to comply, respondent failed to fulfill

During the investigation, respondent admitted to receiving the amount

After the hearings, the investigating judge determined that it was

The OCA Recommendation

In its October 28, 2016 Report and Recommendation, 8 the OCA

The OCA further explained that respondent, as a court stenographer,

The Court's Ruling

Misconduct is a transgression of some established and definite rule of

On the other hand, dishonesty means "a disposition to lie, cheat,

Respondent's actuations clearly demonstrate an intent to violate the law

A public servant is expected to exhibit, at all times, the highest degree

Sec. 46, Rule 10 of the Revised Rules on Administrative Cases in the

WHEREFORE, respondent CESAR C. CALPO, Court Stenographer

- ~t'~ /JJI. VJ.,M/"

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