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    The Melting and Freezing Points of Naphthalene

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    みゆ マイクロ
    1. The experiment aims to determine the melting and freezing points of naphthalene (C10H8) by heating and cooling it while measuring the temperature. 2. Naphthalene was heated from 60°C to 90°C and cooled from 90°C to 60°C while recording the temperature every 30 seconds. 3. The melting point was determined to be 80°C as the temperature remained constant during the phase change from solid to liquid. The freezing point was also determined to be 80°C as the temperature remained constant during the phase change from liquid to solid.

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    The Melting and Freezing Points of Naphthalene

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    みゆ マイクロ
    4K views5 pages
    1. The experiment aims to determine the melting and freezing points of naphthalene (C10H8) by heating and cooling it while measuring the temperature. 2. Naphthalene was heated from 60°C to 90°C and cooled from 90°C to 60°C while recording the temperature every 30 seconds. 3. The melting point was determined to be 80°C as the temperature remained constant during the phase change from solid to liquid. The freezing point was also determined to be 80°C as the temperature remained constant during the phase change from liquid to solid.

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    1. The experiment aims to determine the melting and freezing points of naphthalene (C10H8) by heating and cooling it while measuring the temperature. 2. Naphthalene was heated from 60°C to 90°C and cooled from 90°C to 60°C while recording the temperature every 30 seconds. 3. The melting point was determined to be 80°C as the temperature remained constant during the phase change from solid to liquid. The freezing point was also determined to be 80°C as the temperature remained constant during the phase change from liquid to solid.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4K views5 pages

    The Melting and Freezing Points of Naphthalene

    Uploaded by

    みゆ マイクロ
    1. The experiment aims to determine the melting and freezing points of naphthalene (C10H8) by heating and cooling it while measuring the temperature. 2. Naphthalene was heated from 60°C to 90°C and cooled from 90°C to 60°C while recording the temperature every 30 seconds. 3. The melting point was determined to be 80°C as the temperature remained constant during the phase change from solid to liquid. The freezing point was also determined to be 80°C as the temperature remained constant during the phase change from liquid to solid.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    EXPERIMENT:

    THE MELTING AND FREEZING POINTS OF


    NAPHTHALENE, C10H8.
    To determine the melting and freezing points of
    AIM
    naphthalene, C10H8.

    Problem How are the melting and freezing points of naphthalene


    Statement determined ?
    The higher the temperature, the more the naphthalene
    is to be melt.
    Hypothesis
    The lower the temperature, the more the naphthalene
    is to be freeze.

    Manipulated variable : Heat supplied


    Variables Responding variable : Temperature
    Fixed variables : Naphthalene

    Heating of Naphthalene :
    Thermometer, Boiling tube, Tripod stand, Stopwatch,
    Beaker, Bunsen burner, Wire gauze, Retort stand and
    clamp.
    Apparatus
    Cooling of Naphthalene :
    Thermometer, Boiling tube, Stopwatch, Retort stand
    and clamp, Conical flask

    Materials Naphthalene( C10H8 ), Tap water

    Figure
    Heating of naphthalene :
    1. A boiling tube is filled 3 cm height with naphthalene
    powder and a thermometer is placed into it.
    暂 停
    2. The boiling tube is suspended in a water bath as
    shown in the diagram and make sure the water level
    in the water bath is higher than naphthalene powder
    in the boiling tube.
    3. The water is heated and the naphthalene is stirred
    slowly with thermometer.
    4. When the temperature of naphthalene reaches 60°C,
    the stopwatch is started. The temperature of
    naphthalene is recorded at 30 seconds intervals until
    the temperature of naphthalene reaches 90°C.

    Procedure Cooling of naphthalene :


    1. The boiling tube and its content is removed from the
    water bath and put into a conical flask as shown in
    the diagram.
    2. The content in the boiling tube is stirred constantly
    with thermometer throughout cooling process to
    avoid supercooling ( the temperature of cooling
    liquid drops below freezing point, without the
    appearance of a solid ).
    3. The temperature of the naphthalene is recorded
    every 30 seconds interval until the temperature
    drops to 60°C.
    绘 制
    4. A graph of temperature against time is plotted for
    分 别
    the heating and cooling process respectively.
    Heating of naphthalene.
    Time / s Temperature / °C
    0
    30
    60
    90
    120
    150
    180
    210
    240

    Cooling of naphthalene.
    Time / s Temperature / °C
    0
    Data & 30
    Observation 60
    90
    120
    150
    180
    210
    240

    1. Why is solid naphthalene, C10H8 not heated directly


    with a Bunsen flame ?
    Discussion
    Because it is highly flammable substances.
    Then it may cause fire or explosion.
    2. Why is a water bath used to heat the naphthalene,
    C10H8 ?
    to ensure naphthalene heated evenly.

    3. During the cooling of naphthalene, C10H8, explain


    why
    a) The boiling tube must be placed in a conical flask.
    to ensure an even cooling and minimize the heat
    lose to surrounding.

    b) The naphthalene, C10H8 must be stirred


    continuously.
    to avoid supercooling.

    4. What happens to the temperature of naphthalene,


    C10H8 during
    a) Melting ?
    the temperature remains constant, because the
    heat energy absorbed by particles is used to
    overcome the forces between the particles so that
    solid turn into liquid.

    b) Freezing ?
    the temperature remains constant, because heat
    loss to surrounding is exactly balanced by the
    解 放
    heat energy liberated as particles attract one
    another to liquid turn into solid.

    5. The melting point of sugar is 184°C. The melting


    point of sugar cannot be determined using the
    apparatus shown in Figure. Why ? What apparatus
    can be used instead ?
    the boiling point of water is lower than the melting
    point of sugar. By the time the sugar start melt,
    蒸 汽
    probably the water is already turn into steam.
    Thus, a substance which has the boiling point or
    melting point should be used for this purpose such
    as oil bath and sand bath.

     The temperature remains constant during melting


    and freezing.
     The higher the temperature, the more the
    Conclusion
    naphthalene is to be melt.
     The lower the temperature, the more the
    naphthalene is to be freeze.
    o When handling naphthalene, C10H8, use a spatula to
    avoid skin contact.
    Precautions
    o Do not pour melted naphthalene, C10H8 solution into
    the sink. They will freeze and clog drains.

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