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    PPI UK Inggris - Pratiwi Eka Putri

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    1) Cassava peel is a potential source of bioethanol as it contains high levels of starch and fiber. Acid hydrolysis and yeast fermentation can convert the cellulose in cassava peel into glucose and then ethanol. 2) In experiments, cassava peel was hydrolyzed using sulfuric acid at 120°C for 30 minutes, producing 28.8 g/L of glucose. Fermentations were conducted for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. 3) The 96 hour fermentation produced the highest ethanol concentration of 2.06% v/v, demonstrating that longer fermentation durations increased ethanol yields up until an optimum point.

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    PPI UK Inggris - Pratiwi Eka Putri

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    pratiwi
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    1) Cassava peel is a potential source of bioethanol as it contains high levels of starch and fiber. Acid hydrolysis and yeast fermentation can convert the cellulose in cassava peel into glucose and then ethanol. 2) In experiments, cassava peel was hydrolyzed using sulfuric acid at 120°C for 30 minutes, producing 28.8 g/L of glucose. Fermentations were conducted for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. 3) The 96 hour fermentation produced the highest ethanol concentration of 2.06% v/v, demonstrating that longer fermentation durations increased ethanol yields up until an optimum point.

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    PPI UK Inggris_Pratiwi Eka Putri

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    1) Cassava peel is a potential source of bioethanol as it contains high levels of starch and fiber. Acid hydrolysis and yeast fermentation can convert the cellulose in cassava peel into glucose and then ethanol. 2) In experiments, cassava peel was hydrolyzed using sulfuric acid at 120°C for 30 minutes, producing 28.8 g/L of glucose. Fermentations were conducted for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. 3) The 96 hour fermentation produced the highest ethanol concentration of 2.06% v/v, demonstrating that longer fermentation durations increased ethanol yields up until an optimum point.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    22 views2 pages

    PPI UK Inggris - Pratiwi Eka Putri

    Uploaded by

    pratiwi
    1) Cassava peel is a potential source of bioethanol as it contains high levels of starch and fiber. Acid hydrolysis and yeast fermentation can convert the cellulose in cassava peel into glucose and then ethanol. 2) In experiments, cassava peel was hydrolyzed using sulfuric acid at 120°C for 30 minutes, producing 28.8 g/L of glucose. Fermentations were conducted for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. 3) The 96 hour fermentation produced the highest ethanol concentration of 2.06% v/v, demonstrating that longer fermentation durations increased ethanol yields up until an optimum point.

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    of 2

    1

    BIOETHANOL FROM CASSAVA PEEL BY ACID HYDROLYSIS AND


    FERMENTATION PROCESS
    Pratiwi Eka Putri and Pramudita Dian Nugrahadi
    Diponegoro University, Indonesia
    [email protected]
    BACKGROUND
    The number of fuel usage by the human always increase year by year that equal with increasing the number of
    resident in the world. This situation effected to decreasing the supply of the fossil fuel. Based on the IEA’s data
    (International Energy Agency), stockpile of the fuel will be hold out until about 41 years, natural gas about 67 years
    and coal about 192 years later. Indonesia’s government has created President’s rule No. 5 Year 2006 about The
    National Energy Wisdom as a strategy to saving the fuel supply, which is the target of the number biofuel utilization
    about 2% in 2010 and 5% in 2025. We can add 10% of bioethanol to decrease the number of fuel utilization such us
    gasoline (Prihadana, 2007). Bioethanol is one of alternative energy have high octane and can replace timbale to
    increasing octane value in bensin. Mixing up between the ethanol and gasoline will be adding oxygen into the fuel,
    so that the fuel can burn it perfectly dan decrease gas emission such us carbon monoxide (CO) (Saono et al., 1986).
    Bioethanol can produce from the sugar fermentation process of carbohydrate sources and fiber by using
    microorganisms. This study used cassava peel waste that have starch content and high fiber to be used as biethanol.
    Darmawan (2006) said that the total processing of cassava product resulting about 16% of cassava peel. Total
    percentage of the outside cassava peel (brown and crude) about 0,5 – 2% and the inside of cassava peel (white and
    smooth) about 8 – 15%. People usually use some cassava peel as a livestock feed, but in other peace become trash
    and make the environment unhealthy. The methodology to produce bioethanol from cassava peel has two steps, first
    step is acid hydrolysis process and then continued by fermentation process. Hydrolysis process is to converse
    cellulose in cassava peel into glucose. Acid hydrolysis will be cutting the polysaccharide bond and adding H O
    2
    element. Alcohol fermentation is one process to make alcohol by using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) activity.
    Ethanol fermentation process happened in anaerob condition, it is converting glucose into alcohol without oxygen,
    but to make starter need aerob condition which is oxygen needed to developing cell. The difference of fermentation
    duration will produced a difference ethanol content of bioethanol., so the purpose of this study was to determine the
    duration of optimum fermentation to produce the highest ethanol content.
    METHODOLOGY
    Cassava peel analyzed by proximate analyze at Laboratory of Nutrition and Animal Feed, Animal Husbandry and
    Agriculture Faculty, Diponegoro University. The cassava peel washed by clean water, copped, dried and mashed as
    like as powder. 500 g of cassava peel powder hydrolyzed by 5 l of H2SO4 0,3 M on 1200C for 30 minutes. Before
    fermented, hydrolyze liquid filtered, controlled the pH around 4,5 – 5 and added 3g/l nutrient KH2PO4 and
    (NH4)2SO4. 5 g of yeast inoculated by poured into 5% hydrolyze liquid of total volume, then aerated for 24 hours.
    Inoculum added to hydrolyze liquid remain and fermented in anerob condition. Variable of fermentation duration
    taken was 24; 48; 72; 96 and 120 hours. Fermentation result will formed 3 layers, it is protein, ethanol, and water,
    ethanol-water are 2 top layers.ethanol fluid taked by plastic hoses through a filter paper with 1 micron size to filter
    protein sediment. Ethanol-water layer separated with sediment of protein, then ethanol-water fluid analyzed by using
    as Chromatography (GC) to know production of ethanol content (% v/v). Then also do a density test to know a
    purity. All of the Bioethanol process was did at laboratory of chemical engineering, Diponegoro University
    RESULT
    Proximate analyze result of cassava peal showed that it is has water (68,1%), ash (1,8%), crude fat (1,31), crude
    fiber (11,1%), and crude protein (6,04%). It is showed that cassava peal could be a material of bioethanol because
    has high fiber. In hydrolysis process by using H SO 0,3 M has glucose content 28,8 g/l. In Hydrolysis process, H+
    2 4
    ion from H2SO4 will be changing fiber ion from cassava peal into free radical ion then free radical ion will bonded
    with OH- ion from water and reacted in 1200C for 30 minutes then produce glucose (Agu et al., 1997). Fermentation
    result of this research had done with the variable of fermentation duration taken was 24; 48; 72; 96 and 120 hours
    showed in the table 1 below :
    Table 1. Fermentation Result on Different Duration
    Fermentation Liquid Volume Liquid Density Ethanol Glucose
    pH
    Duration (ml) (g/ml) Content Content
    (hour) Before After Before After Before After (%v/v) (g/l)
    24 5310 5300 1,122 1,12 5 7 0,6 14,12
    48 5310 5505 1,122 1,119 5 6 0,99 13,01
    72 5310 5530 1,122 1,115 5 7 1,51 12,64
    96 5310 5581 1,122 1,11 5 6 2,06 12,51
    120 5310 5590 1,122 1,09 5 6 2,01 12,32
    The results showed that the duration of 96 hours produced the highest ethanol concentration of 2.06% v / v with a
    density of 1.11 g / ml. Based on Gas Chromatography (GC) analyze showed the number of ethanol content (% v/v)
    suitable with the fermentation duration has taken, while the number of ethanol content would be increasing if there
    is decreased glucose inside. The activity of microorganism also affecting the number of ethanol content result,
    which is the optimum condition of microorganism activity in position at logarithmic phase.
    REFERENCES
    Agu, R.,C., Amadife, A., E., Ude, C., M. dan Onyia, A. 1997. Combined heat treatment and acid hydrolysis of
    cassava grate waste (CWG) biomass for ethanol production. Elsevier Science Ltd, Britain, 17 : 91-96
    Darmawan.2006. Pengaruh kulit umbi ketela pohon fermentasi terhadap tampilan kambing kacang jantan. Jurnal
    Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan. IX (2) : 115-122.
    Prihandana, R. 2007. Bioetanol Ubi Kayu, Bahan Bakar Masa Depan. Jakarta : Agromedia Pustaka
    Saono, S., R.R. Hull and B. Dhamcharee. 1986. A Concise Indonesian Handbook of Indigenous Fermented Foods in
    the ASCA Countries. Jakarta : Institute of Sciences

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