Wildlife Azad Kashmir - Biodiversity - Conservation Biology

6/27/2019 Wildlife Azad Kashmir | Biodiversity | Conservation Biology
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Wildlife Azad Kashmir
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Wildlife Information AJ
A brief of Protected areas and biodiversity of Azad S

Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K)
Naeem Iftikhar Dar
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife AJK
1. Introduction
Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K) covers an area of 1.330 million ha.
put to different uses. The cultivated area is 0.173 million ha (13%). Share of was
million ha (44%) and the forest cover 0.567 million ha, which is about 43% of th
of AJ&K. The
significance forest/rangeland
for harboring a varietyecosystem in animal
of plant and AJ&K life,
is of great biological
diversity of habitat
livelihood to millions of people. This forest and rangeland ecosystem mostly occ
in the temperate regions of Himalayan Mountains.
Since the use and misuse of this ecosystem is, directly or indirectly, linked with
therefore, it is appropriate to give a brief overview of demographic data of AJ&K
human population of 3.050 million (2000), growing at a rate of 2.3%/annum. Ab
population lives in urban areas and 88% is rural. Population density is 229 preso
literacy is 55%. Male and female ratio is nearly equal.
Total Human Population 3.400 million

Growth rate 2.3% per annum
Population Structure:
Urban 12%
https://www.scribd.com/doc/98394432/Wildlife-Azad-Kashmir# 1/21
- Urban 12%
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-
Rural
Male/female ratio
 88%
1:1
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
Population Density 258 persons/km2
Literacy Rate 60%
Source: Termizi, S.S.H (2001). Forestry Statistics of Azad Kas
In view of low socio-economic conditions and rural living, the people keep a g
livestock as a part of household economy to meet domestic needs of milk, meet,
surplus heads for sale. The total number of livestock in AJ&K is 2.414 million he
this livestock with respect to major categories is given as under:
Parasitology AJK Adoptations

Major GE9261 Robotics
Categories M.phil Thesis- No. of
Neelum Valley
Heads Impact of Armed
(Million)
(Final Thesis)
- Cattle and syllabus
Buffaloes Saadullah Ayaz-… Kashmir
1.018 Conflict on…
- Sheep and Goats 1.327 (84% Goats)
- Camels, horses, mules & donkeys 0.069 (83% Donkeys)
Total 2.414
-1-
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The number of cattle and buffaloes is 1.018 million (42%), sheep and goats are 1
camel, horses, mules and donkey are 0.069 million (3%). Goats are 84% of the to
goats, while donkeys are 83% of total of camels, horses, mules and donkeys. Goa
kept for milk and meat, while donkeys are solely used as beasts of burden. Large
and donkeys is in view of difficult terrain and lack of communication infras
mechanical transport.
p
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Biodiversity in AJ&K
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2.1 Forest Vegetation
The forests cover 43% of total land a reas, and are found on high mountains
Himalayas. Conifers dominate the tree growth, while some broad-leaved species
of forest canopy. Under growth comprises of a rich layer of shrubs, grasses a
important tree, shrub and medicinal plant species are given as under:
Important conifers:
Parasitology AJK Adoptations GE9261 Robotics M.phil Thesis- Neelum Valley Impact of Armed
(Final Thesis) - syllabus
Chir pine Saadullah
( Pinus Ayaz-…
roxburghii) Kashmir Conflict on…
- Blue pine ( Pinus wallichiana)
- Deodar (Cedrus deodara)
- Spruce ( Picea smithiana)
- Fir ( Abies pindrow)
- Barmi (Taxus wallichiana)
Barmi is an endangered conifer of global significance, because of its recently

cancer properties.
Important Broad leave associates:
- Tarkana ( Acer caesium)

- Bankhor ( Aesculus indica)
- Phulai ( Acacia modesta)
- Sum ( Fraxinus excelsior )
- Akhrot ( Juglans regia)
- Kao (Olea ferruginea)
- Kangar ( Pistacia integrrima)
- Kala Kat ( Prunus padus)
- Batangi ( Pyrus pashia)
- Bagnoo/Palach ( Populus ciliata)
- Oaks (Quercus spp.)
3
3
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Important shrubs:
- Sumblu ( Berberis lycium)

- Kainthi ( Indigofera gerardiana)
- Phut ( Lonicera quinquilocularis)
- Pashair ( Parrotia jacquemontiana)
- Peemar ( Plectranthes rugosis)
- Guchh (Vibernum nervosum)
- Timber ( Zanthoxylum armatum)
Important Medicinal Herbs:

(Final Thesis) A large quantity of medicinal
syllabus Saadullah Ayaz-… Kashmir Conflict
herbs are collected from the forest areas of AJ&K, which areon…
used as
home remedies for various human and livestock ailments or are traded through formal and
informal channels. Many of these medicinal herbs are of national and international importance.
Some important drug species of plants are given as under:
- Aconite ( Aconitum spp.)

- Jhalla Lubbar ( Atropa acuminata)
- Jhaoo Safaid ( Artemisia spp.)
- Soranjan Talkah (Colchicum leutum)
- Kanees ( Dioscorea deltoidea)
- Ratan Jot (Geranium wallichianum)
- Ajwain Khorasani ( Hyoscyamus niger )
- Ban Kakri ( Podophyllum emodi)
- Rewand Cheeni ( Rheum emodi)
-- Kuth
Behman Surkh (Saussurea lappa)
(Saxifraga ligulata)
- Neer Pattar (Skimmia laureola)
- Mushk Bala (Valeriana jatamansi)
- Banafsha (Viola spp.)

Important Wildlife Species
The wilderness areas in AJ&K, because of diversity of climate, physiography and vegetation
provide habitats for a variety of important wildlife species. The best known of these animal species
are:
- Leopard (Snow and Common)

- Himalayan ibex
- Grey goral
- Musk deer
- Rhesus monkey
- Grey langur
- Black bear
Related
Parasitology - Adoptations
AJK Yellow-throated Martin
GE9261 Robotics M.phil Thesis- Neelum Valley Impact of Armed
(Final Thesis) - Palm civet
syllabus Saadullah Ayaz-… Kashmir Conflict on…
- Pheasants (Western Horned Tragopan, Koklas, Monal & Kaleej).
- Partridges (Black and Grey)
- Peacock etc.
3. Wetlands in AJ&K
The Wetland of AJK comprise of storage dam, rivers, lakes, streams, brooks and springs. T
important and main rivers are Neelum, Jhelum and Poonch along with their tributaries. Althou
these rivers originate from the areas beyond LoC, but whole of AJK is drained through these riv
in to Mangla Reservoir. The water levels in these rivers fluctuate with the season. In addition, sm
lakes like Rati Gali Sar, Dharian Sar and Patlian Sar also add to the number of wetlands. T
Mangla reservoir is the biggest wetland in AJ&K with a size of 25,500 ha (Iftikhar, 1998). Th
water bodies and rivers are important wetlands, providing habitat for thousands of migratory bi
and water fowls. About 67 fish species are also found in these rivers and lakes. Among these f
Brown and Rainbow trout are exotics species and are introduced in cold and fresh water in
upper reaches of rives and stream. The main threat to these wetlands and associated waterfowl
fish population is the pollution from chemicals and solid waste.
The economically important of these fish are Brown and Rainbow trout and Chinese carps (ex
Mahasheer, Cat fish and Major carps (indigenous). For the propagation of the most valuable f
trout, three cold water fish hatcheries at Salkhala, Kuttan and Dowarian are established. For
water fisheries, one seed production and distribution center is established in Chikar, Muzaffa
There are 230 fish ponds in private sector throughout AJK. The fish from these water bodie
source of protein for the local people, as well as, income for the private entrepreneurs and Go
AJK. Only from Mangla Water Reservoir, fishing is leased out to the contractors, earning reven
Rs.938 million per annum (Anonymous, 2004).
4. Threats to Biodiversity in AJ&K
Biodiversity is defined as the sum of all different species of animals, plants, fungi and micr
organisms living on earth and the variety of habitats in which they live. In these, it compri
species diversity and ecosystem diversity. Because of high variation in altitude and climat
territory of AJ&K has a rich diversity of species and ecosystems. Conservation of biodivers
very essential to maintain the ecological balance and to sustain the production, protectio
social benefits for the life and prosperity of mankind.
The forest ecosystems and biodiversity in AJ&K are under very heavy use by the human bein
their livestock, living in and around these areas. If the present pace of direct and indirect h
uses continued, the forest ecosystems and associated biodiversity in AJ&K are doomed to be
completely extinct, in near future. Over population of human beings and their livestock, po
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decline of forests and associated biodivers
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these areas. Therefore, at least some biologically critical areas are to be protected by limitin 
human uses of fauna and flora and to sustain their ecological, protection and production func
Some major threats to the biodiversity and ecosystems in these areas are given as under:
(Final Thesis) syllabus Saadullah Ayaz-… Kashmir Conflict on…
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6/27/2019 Wildlife Azad Kashmir | Biodiversity | Conservation Biology

Download 1 of 15   Search document 

A brief of Protected areas and biodiversity of Azad S

Total Human Population 3.400 million

Parasitology AJK Adoptations

- Sheep and Goats 1.327 (84% Goats)

- Camels, horses, mules & donkeys 0.069 (83% Donkeys)

Trusted by over 1 million members

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2.1 Forest Vegetation

Barmi is an endangered conifer of global significance, because of its recently

Important Broad leave associates:

- Tarkana ( Acer caesium)

- Sumblu ( Berberis lycium)

Important Medicinal Herbs:

- Aconite ( Aconitum spp.)

- Leopard (Snow and Common)

4. Threats to Biodiversity in AJ&K

Trusted by over 1 million members

Start Free Trial

Trusted by over 1 million members

Start Free Trial

Reward Your Curiosity

No Commitment. Cancel anytime.

Share this document

Biodiversity Conservation Biology Grazing Livestock Ecology

Documents Similar To Wildlife Azad Kashmir

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Our blog Purchase help

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