Practice Questions: Multiple Choice - Choose Single Answer: 1

Practice Questions
Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 1

Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one
response is correct.
The realistic approach to photography has been perfected in the past by such masters as Henri Carties
Bresson and Bill Brandt. But while you can learn a great deal from looking at the work of others, any
success you can hope to achieve in this field has to come from developing an individual approach. The
main requirement for any photographer has little to do with technical matters. You must develop an
awareness of the world around you and the people who inhabit it, and you should learn to notice when a
situation may develop to a point where you will be able to take a good picture.
The best real - life photography depends on

A. going out and searching for unusual situations.
B. becoming highly skilled in camera techniques.
C. being able to tell when a good situation might arise.
D. having a camera which is easy and quick to use.

Jules was not always so poor. A long time ago he was in the Navy, and like many who have been to sea for
a long time, he has stayed slim and fit. Despite the strict organization on board ship, he loved the life, and
had the opportunity to see many countries. He visited Poland and Russia, in South Africa he realized what
he valued in each country was the people he met. He was always astonished and delighted by the ways in
which the people he met differed from one country to another. Someday, he hopes, everyone will see the
world as he does. After many happy years in the Navy, he had to retire.
When Jules was in the navy he

A. only visited three countries.
B. enjoyed the strict life on board ship.
C. liked meeting people from different countries.
D. was very well paid for the job he did.
111
Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish - brown to sand - color and nearly
white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber - shaped - hence
their name and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables
them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents. Although they
have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent
and live at a low metabolic rate - feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine
organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply.
Why is the shape of sea cucumbers important?

A. It helps them to digest their food
B. It helps them to protect themselves from danger.
C. It makes it easier for them to move through the mud.
D. It makes them attractive to fish.

Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short -lived local
storms like the Edmonton tornado, which damaged property valued exceeding 250 million, because the
available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to recognize the subtle
atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather -balloon
observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles.
With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather
conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Computers and weather
B. Dangerous storms
C. Weather forecasting
D. Satellites
112
A new British medical instrument called the magnetic scanner gives information about the body which
current machines, such as the brain scanner and the more recent body, scanner, cannot provide. And
unlike existing machines the new machine does not use X--ray radiation waves, which makes it much safer
for patients. Unlike existing scanners, a magnetic scanner can show the side or the back of a suspect part
of the body. Used on, for example, a lung with suspected damage, it can turn the image of the lung to give
a series of different views. The image is not simply worked out in the computer's "imagination"; the
magnetic scanner actually examines every side of the lung.
What is the author’s conclusion about magnetic scanner machine?

A. It looks at a diseased part of the body from all directions.
B. It can look right through a diseased part of the body.
C. It sends waves round the diseased part of the body.
D. It uses a computer to "imagine" different views of the body.

By three o'clock in the afternoon there was nothing left for Hilliard to do. He had been to the Army and
Navy Stores and gone slowly from counter to counter buying what he needed. The war had brought out
a fever like that of Christmas among manufacturers and salesmen, there were so many possible things to
buy, expressly for the soldiers in France. Hilliard watched people buying them, mothers, aunts, sisters,
wives, who had no idea what might be really suitable, who wanted to send something extra, who were
misled by the advertisements and the counter staff into ordering useless gifts to be packed up and sent.
What is the author’s conclusion about counter staff? They are

A. well- informed
B. hurried
C. unreliable
D. unclear
113
Steamships were first introduced into the United States in 1807, and John Molson built the first steamship
in Canada (then called British North America) in 1809. By the 1830’s dozens of steam vessels were in use
in Canada. They offered the traveler reliable transportation in comfortable facilities, a welcome
alternative to stagecoach travel, which at the best of times could only be described as wretched.
This commitment to dependable river transport became entrenched with the investment of millions of
dollars for the improvement of waterways which included the construction of canals and lock systems.
The Lachine and Welland canals, two of the most important systems were opened in 1825 and 1829,
respectively. By the time that Upper and Lower Canada were united into the Province of Canada in 1841.
The public debt for canals was more than one hundred dollars per capita. But it may not seem such a great
amount if we consider that improvements allowed steamboats to remain practical for most commercial
transport in Canada until the mid– nineteenth century.
Which of the following most accurately main purpose of the passage?

A. To contrast travel by steamship and stagecoach
B. To criticize the level of public debt in nineteenth century Canada
C. To describe the introduction of steamships in Canada
D. To show how Canada surpassed the United States in transportation improvements.

The late 1980’s found the landscape of popular music in America dominated by a distinctive style of rock
and roll known as Glam Rock or Hair Metal, so called because of the over-styled hair, makeup, and
wardrobe worn by the genre’s ostentatious rockers. Bands like Poison, White Snake, and Motley Crue
popularized glam rock with their power ballads and flashy style, but the product had worn thin by the
early 1990’s. The mainstream public, tired of an act they perceived as symbolic of the superficial 1980’s,
was ready for something with a bit of substance.
The author’s description of glam rockers indicates that they

A. cared more about the quality of their music than money.
B. were mainly style over substance.
C. were unassuming and humble.
D. were songwriters first, and performers second.
114
Researchers suggest that there are creatures that do not know what light means at the bottom of the sea.
They don’t have either eyes or ears; they can only feel. There is no day or night for them. There are no
winters, no summers, no sun, no moon, and no stars. It is as if a child spent its life in darkness in bed, with
nothing to see or hear. How different our own life is! Sight shows us the ground beneath our feet and the
heavens above us – the sun, moon, and stars, shooting stars, lightning, and the sunset. It shows us day
and night. We are able to hear voices, the sound of the sea, and music. We feel we taste, we smell. How
fortunate we are!
What is the passage mainly talk about?

A. How changes in the seasons are perceived by the deep-sea creatures.
B. How wonderful our lives were and will be.
C. The differences among creatures of the earth and those of the sea.
D. The superiority of human beings over some creatures in terms of senses.

Autism is a brain development disorder that impairs social interaction and communication and causes
restricted and repetitive behavior, all starting before a child is three years old. The genetics of autism are
complex and it is generally unclear which genes are responsible for it. Autism affects many parts of the
brain but how this occurs is also poorly understood. Autism is strongly associated with agents that cause
birth defects. Other proposed causes, such as childhood vaccines, are controversial and the vaccine
hypotheses lack convincing scientific evidence. The number of people known to have autism has increased
dramatically since the 1980s. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their child’s life. Early
behavioral cognitive intervention can help children gain self-care, social and communication skills but
there is no cure for it. Few children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, but same
become successful and an autistic culture has developed, with same seeking a cure and others believing
that autism is a condition rather than a disorder.
It can be understood from the passage that

A. autistic children cannot hear the sounds and are unable to talk with others.
B. even if the treatment for autism starts early, the child doesn’t have any chance to recover
completely.
C. when they become an adult all autistic people can live as actively as normal people do.
D. people with autism should be encouraged to live on their own.
115
Grossly misunderstood and represented as a revolutionary, liberal, romantic, and bohemian artist,
Rembrandt has lived for over 400 years now through his art. During this time period, many views and
opinions have oscillated from praise to scathing remarks and vice versa.
The extent of Rembrandt’s fame can be understood by the following incident: in the year 1670, the Sicilian
collector Antonio Ruffo received a letter from the artist Abraham Breughel with a request to get some
original masterpieces from Italy. Ruffo had to apologize stating that no painter had been able to exhibit
an ability to paint as extraordinary as Rembrandt, who had already died by then.
Which of the following, most accurately summarizes the opinion of the author in the text?
A. The author tried to prove that Rembrandt has not been completely understood by the critics.
B. The Rembrandt art lived for 400 years and was unique in its time.
C. He tried to portray that even though Rembrandt was highly regarded in the art world, his prowess
and mettle was understood by only a few.
D. Rembrandt never believed in self-praise and publicizing, rather he was a silent artist.

Theories are divided about the cause of the Permian mass extinctions. Some hypothesize that the impact
of a massive asteroid caused a sudden disappearance of species. However, a look at the carbon-isotope
record suggests that existing plant communities were struck down and re-found several times. To produce
such a pattern would require a succession of asteroid strikes thousands of years apart. Other theorists
have proposed that volcanic explosions raised the carbon dioxide level leading to intense global warming.
One problem with this theory is that it cannot explain the massive marine extinctions at the end of the
Permian period. A new theory posits that rising concentrations of toxic hydrogen sulfide in the world’s
oceans plus gradual oxygen depletions in the surface waters caused the extinctions in the surface waters
caused the extinctions. Fortunately, this theory is testable. If true, oceanic sediments from the Permian
period would yield chemical evidence of a rise in hydrogen sulfide consuming bacteria.
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. present several hypotheses concerning the cause of the Permian mass extinctions
B. discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the asteroid hypothesis of the Permian mass extinctions
C. propose that theories regarding the cause of the Permian mass extinctions be tested.
D. argue that Permian mass extinctions could not have been caused by a volcanic explosion.
116
Jupiter has 2.5 times more mass than all the other planets of the solar system combined and is 11 times
as large as Earth in diameter. Jupiter is so large that scientists believe it almost became a star: as the
gasses and dust contracted to form the planet, gravitational forces created tremendous pressure and the
temperature inside the core, as high as tens of thousands of degrees. But there was not enough mass
available to create the temperature needed to start a fusion reaction such as that of the Sun (above
27,000,000 Fahrenheit, or 15,000,000 Celsius, at the Sun’s core); thus Jupiter has been cooling down ever
since. Even so, Jupiter radiates about as much heat as it receives from the Sun.
Which of the following is the main concern of the passage?

A. The size of Jupiter relative to other planets in the solar system
B. Differences between the sun and Jupiter
C. How Jupiter’s mass has affected its development
D. The temperature at which a planet’s core can start a fusion reaction

Then, the author again uses the method of intrigue. He notices that the following information will be more
interesting than the previous abstracts. This helps him to maintain readers’ attention throughout the
whole article and provide newsworthy data. Here, J. Sachs speaks about women’s attitude toward
children. In fact, most women in Bangladesh have or want to have 1-2 children. None of them desire to
have many kids. Such a position is very similar to the outlook of developed countries. This fact witnesses
the other similarity between Bangladesh and prosperous states. In addition, it shows that Bangladesh has
all chances to become even more successful. The author represents this story in a very detailed way. Such
a great attention to trifles forms the atmosphere of reality and informality in the article. As a result,
readers begin to treat the narrator favorably and believe in the truthfulness of his words.
What point is the writer making in this paragraph?

A. Bangladesh is undeveloped country.
B. In the near future, all this will help Bangladesh to become a strong and prosperous country.
C. People begin to set new priorities and follow new manners of living.
D. The main changes in the life of the country are connected with the idea of changed child-bearing
conceptions amongst the Bangladeshi women.
117
‘Bronze’ is not only used to refer to the typical alloy of copper and tin which often also contains lead or
zinc. It is also used to refer to other metals, including brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc. In any
case, bronze is a strong and enduring material which can capture fine and complex details within a casting
mould. This dark reddish-brown metal has been used in European countries since antiquity. It has been
used to create tools, weapons, sculpture, and decorative works. These applications continued throughout
the medieval period. In the 15th century, for example, there was a deliberate revival of the forms and
techniques of ancient Greece and Rome. How is bronze cast? There are two basic ways: sand casting, a
simple technique that uses moulds made of compact, fine sand; and lost-wax casting, which, on the other
hand, is a complex process using wax models. Furthermore, there is also the “direct” method, in which
the original wax model is used, and, therefore, destroyed; finally, there is also the “indirect” method, in
which plaster moulds are taken from the original wax, which makes them suitable to be reused many
times.
Which of the following most accurately summarizes the opinion of the author in the text?
A. Bronze, which can be made of brass, has been used, since before modern times, to shape several
useful objects.
B. Bronze was used in ancient Greece and Rome to capture the beauty of certain traditions.
C. Casting bronze requires this metal to be composed of at least four alloys.
D. The religious use of cast bronze was widespread throughout Europe in the Middle Ages.

Wool clothing is the result of the efforts ancient humans made to survive after their survival in cold
weathers was threatened. In the Neolithic Period, people used animal pelts to keep themselves warm, as
they are durable and warm. From these pelts they developed the basic tools to make wool. Thus,
Babylonians were using proper woolen clothing by 4000 B.C. They used to rear wool-bearing herds and
very soon identified that sheep were the best to yield fine quality wool. Wool trade prospered enormously
between the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
A. Wool has come a long way since ancient times, and technology has helped it grow.
B. Necessity is the mother of invention. Thus the creation of wool clothing.
C. Any animal can be reared to later grow wool, still, the best wool is always borne by sheep.
D. The Neolithic Period was richer than the Babylonian period in terms of wool manufacturing.
118
Although he was not the only creator to engage in the use of cable as a means of transportation, Andrew
Hallidie is considered the father of the cable car. Hallidie and his father both held several patents for the
manufacture and use of cable. Each of the different cable car lines once had its own powerhouse, or
sometimes several, to drive the cable used on the line. The first power sources were steam engines
powered by enormous amounts of coal each day, thus each powerhouse was equipped with boilers to
heat the water needed to produce steam. Out on the streets, along their routes, cable cars travel on steel
tracks set above a channel enclosing the cable. At the top of the channel is a slot through which the cable
car’s grip grabs the cable moving below. Cable cars in San Francisco, for instance, have gone through a
series of evolutionary changes since the first line opened in 1873. Such modifications have involved the
mechanical equipment and design of the cars themselves, as well as the ones applied along the track and
in the powerhouses. One of the first changes was made to the grip itself. In addition, cable cars employ a
series of mechanisms to assist in braking the car and regulating its speed.
What point is the author making in the paragraph?

A. There are no wheels in cable cars, since they only use cables to move.
B. The innovation in the manufacturing of cable cars has not stopped yet.
C. The original cable car did not guarantee much safety, so it was only used to transport goods.
D. The engines in cable cars require a lot of energy to start, so their ignition is always kept on.

A new ‘super-Earth’ has been discovered that could have a life-supporting climate and water. The planet,
given the catchy name HD 40307g, was discovered in a multi-world solar system 42 light years from the
Sun and lies at exactly the right distance from its star to allow liquid surface water. It orbits well within
the star’s “habitable” or “Goldilocks” zone, the region where temperatures are neither too hot nor too
cold to sustain life. Professor Hugh Jones, from the University of Hertfordshire said: “The longer orbit of
the new planet means that its climate and atmosphere may be just right to support life. Just as Goldilocks
liked her porridge to be neither too hot nor too cold but just right, this planet or indeed any moons that
is has lie in an orbit comparable to Earth, increasing the probability of it being habitable.” The ‘super earth’
is one of six planets believed to circle the dwarf star HD 40307 in the constellation Pictor. All the others
are located outside the habitable zone, too close to their parent star to support liquid water.
Why is it thought that the planet may be able to support life?

A. It has been shown to have water.
B. It is 42 light years from the Sun.
C. It orbits its own star at the perfect distance.
D. It has several moons.
119
Purses, women’s favourite accessory, have a rich history. Early dwellers used to carry these small pouches
to transport valuables like seeds, medicines, or pious religious items. In the 15th century, grooms used to
gift their brides a purse that was a small pouch elaborately embroidered to depict a love saga. Most of
the designer purses today have taken the designs from older African tote bags. It is said that these old
purses were considered as very personal objects used to carry comfort items. Usually, they were used
during journeys. In the 16th century, there were small leather pouches used for carrying money; they
were looped to the waist, and they were carried as a luxury, with perfumed handkerchiefs and other
endearing objects.

A. Purses are a vital part of a wedding, in which precious things are gifted by a groom to a bride.
B. Since the beginning, purses have been an object for storing personal items, and they hold
importance for their comfortable handling.
C. Purses have not evolved yet in terms of design, as they still resemble ancient African pouches.
D. We need to revolutionize the trends in the making of purses and clutches, as they are not merely
an accessory, but a daily need.

The rebellious Adolf Hitler was unlucky enough to have been caught in the radar of his angry father’s
wrath at frequent intervals. Brought up in a normal middle-class family, domination was latent in his
father’s personality. That had an immense impact on Adolf’s way of life and thought. A school dropout at
16, he replayed wars and battles in his mind. This was contrary to the ambition of taking up a career as an
artist, which was always instantly overruled by his father. His failed attempt to get through the Vienna
Academy led him to live a bohemian lifestyle painting postcards. In this period, the streak of ideology and
desire to unite Germany with Austria germinated. Though he had never thought of joining the military,
when the war started, he enlisted himself and fought for Germany.
A. Hitler had a violent streak since his father died; before that, he was a simple obedient boy during
his childhood.
B. Hitler's arrogance and exasperation regarding trivial things was inherited from his family tree.
C. Hitler's depressed childhood, because of his father's haughty attitude towards him, germinated
the seeds of rebelliousness.
D. Hitler would have been displaying his rebelliousness through his paintings, had he not taken up
fighting for Germany in the war.
120
Natural extracts from herbs and plants have also been used to make hair dye for ages. Initially, they were
used to treat hair problems and nourish the scalp. Later, it was found that some of these herbs, like henna,
actually brought a tinge of colour to the hair that looked good. So, the colouring of hair became a trend,
but it also had its side effects. Natural colours were used to coat the virgin hair with its hue, but, in some
cases, people were allergic. Also, these colours did not last after multiple washes, and it was becoming
difficult to obtain a consistent colour every time. Archaeologists opine that the Neanderthals, the ancient
Gauls, and the Saxons coloured their hair and body with vibrant colours to scare their enemies. In
Babylonia, gold dust was sprinkled on the hair; the Greeks, the Romans and the Egyptians found different
ways to get their hues. A complete spectrum of hair dyes and colours has evolved till modern times.

A. Hair colouring trends started in the Western European countries by accident.
B. Hair colouring is in practice since ancient times, though it originally wasn't the purpose behind
using ingredients from herbs and plants.
C. There has been a tradition of using natural extracts from herbs and plants to make hair colour for
many centuries.
D. Hair colouring wasn't as popular as skin colouring, since it used to scare the enemies away.

Tanks, first used in World War I, have a great relevance and importance even today. They have been
instrumental in letting countries establish their victory over others. These vehicles carry armour,
firepower, and are capable of moving in all terrains. They can cause heavy casualties and herculean
damages. William Foster & Co., in September 1915, constructed an initial vehicle called “Little Willie”, that
was a prototype of the British-made tank. Then, it was named landship; but later, because of its
resemblance to a water tank, it was renamed tank. Afterwards, in 1917, the French used tanks for the first
time, and later produced many on their own. The Germans produced ally lookalike tanks, but among the
thousands of ally tanks in the battlefield, the Germans only had twenty tanks of their own. Be it as it may,
the initial pieces of manufactured tanks weren’t reliable. Hence, due to the war field terrains, it became
necessary to upgrade and improve these machines.
A. Tanks are the most powerful objects that can be captured after an enemy land is seized.
B. Even though the initial designs of tanks were not flawless, they were copied by different countries.
C. Tanks were initially small moving vehicles loaded with arms and ammunition, which were later
designed and developed to move in geographically challenging locations.
D. Any tank that was captured from the enemy land was kept at research centers, in order to develop
an exact lookalike.
121
For thousands of years, men and women on every continent, and in pretty much every culture, have worn
lengths of fur, soft hide, or woven fabric for warmth, to soak up sweat, for ceremonial or religious reasons,
as protection from wind and dust, as a mark of status, or simply to appear attractive. The history of scarves
is a very difficult thing to write -which may explain why so few people have attempted it! The history of
fashion and costume can be opaque at the best of times, but scarves present an extra problem in that you
first have to define what a scarf is, for it's an accessory that has taken myriad forms over the centuries. In
what way does a scarf differ from a shawl, a sash, a stole, or a simple length of fabric worn on the body?
For example, if we define the scarf as a printed silk square, then scarves have really only been around
since the late 19th century. If we define the scarf as a piece of fabric (or feathers, or fur) worn around the
neck for warmth or to offset one's décolletage, then scarves certainly date back at least to the 17th
century. If, however, we define the scarf as a piece of fabric ‘tied around or draped across the body’, then
scarves date back much further.

A. The history of scarves has been quite vague, but researchers have applied special archeological
techniques to come up with some concrete information.
B. Scarves in earlier ancient countries were mostly made out of rough hardened animal skin.
C. Scarves have been worn by males as well as females, and there has been a variety of fabrics
available for both.
D. Modern-day scarves are better in size and in quality; thus, one can use them with ease indoors as
well as outdoors.

Norma Jeane Mortenson was born at 9:30 a.m. on 1st June, 1926, at California's Los Angeles General
Hospital to Gladys Pearl Monroe Baker. Norma Jeane's childhood was an unhappy one, characterized by
neglect, a series of foster homes, and emotional heartache. Her mother began working full-time shortly
after Norma Jeane's birth, in an effort to make ends meet. Norma Jeane set her sights higher and began
to dream of becoming a movie star. The first studio she worked for decided to change her name to Carol
Lind, however, the name didn't fit her and it was eventually scrapped. Ben Lyon then suggested the name
Marilyn, because it reminded him of his favorite actress: Marilyn Miller. Norma Jeane was pleased with
the suggestion and added the last name Monroe, which was her mother's maiden name. It was then that
Hollywood launched the new face and name - Marilyn Monroe.
A. Marilyn Monroe had a humble start of her life, which kept her agonized all her life.
B. Even after her below average upbringing, Marilyn made it big in the movie industry.
C. Marilyn's self-motivation and perseverance to hold on helped her sail through adversities.
D. Marilyn's mother played a detrimental role in her life.
122
By 1784, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was internationally renowned as the composer of The Marriage of
Figaro, and consequently received a commission from the Prague Opera House to compose another
opera. The resulting product was Don Giovanni, which tells the tale of a criminal and seducer who
nevertheless evokes sympathy from audiences, and whose behavior fluctuates from moral crisis to
hilarious escapade. While Don Giovanni is widely considered to be Mozart’s greatest achievement,
eighteenth century audiences in Vienna, Mozart’s own city, were ambivalent at best. The opera mixed
traditions of moralism with those of comedy, a practice heretofore unknown among the composer’s
works, creating a production that was not well liked by conservative Viennese audiences. Meanwhile,
however, Don Giovanni was performed to much acclaim throughout Europe.
What can be understood by the passage?

A. Relate the story of a somewhat likable antihero.
B. Discuss how a work of art has been met by diverging responses.
C. Give a history of the work of Mozart.
D. Make a case for the renown of Don Giovanni.

Many of us have become aware that statistically, the majority of Americans are overweight. Although we
hear this often in the media, not everybody may realize the implications of this fact for health care and
ultimately for our national economy. Not only is excess weight associated with heart disease, a number
of different cancers, and other problems; it especially is associated with diabetes. In 2011, 28.5 million of
American citizens had diabetes. An additional 66 million Americans had pre-diabetic symptoms. In 2011,
medical costs for diabetics were $174 billion per year. Research from a health insurance company
projected that by 2020, diabetes would cost America $3.4 trillion per year. The federal government would
pay over 60% of that total. Accordingly, some organizations have recommended that losing weight by
reducing our intake of high-calorie foods could help save the government money by lowering the risk, and
hence the incidence, of diabetes. As a result, improving our physical health also can improve our fiscal
health.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of this passage?
A. More than 28 million Americans had diabetes in 2011.
B. Losing weight reduces diabetes risk, thereby saving government expense.
C. The federal deficit must be reduced to allow for medical expense.
D. Diabetes has become an American epidemic unrelated to weight.
123
So far, we have been looking at the work of humanist historians in the Renaissance and the new way in
which they approached their subject. Not only did they use close reading of ancient texts, as you would
expect, but they also did a lot of research in the archives. That is, they didn't just read the historians that
came before them, they looked for real documents. For example, they studied the records of cases that
went to court, official letters that had survived, and so on to get a fuller picture of how people really lived
and went about their business. These same techniques of historical research were used in what we can
call "legal humanism". The idea here was to get as accurate a picture as possible of the law and its practice
in ancient, especially Roman, times. Legal historians did this with a view to refining the laws and applying
them to the present historical situation. Legal scholarship's original desire to recover and purify the
heritage of the ancient world later came to be distorted by political views, but even here, in the 16th
century, such intense study could lead to unexpected conclusions. For example, in France, inquiries meant
to uncover and apply the legal wisdom of the Romans ended by uncovering a Roman law so pure that it
was totally alien. This law, in fact, belonged to the past and to a different society, and was therefore
unusable.
What was the ultimate aim of legal scholarship?

A. To purify the ancient legal system.
B. To promote humanism in general.
C. To apply Roman law to their own society.
D. To perfect techniques of historical research.

Traditional research has confronted only Mexican and United States interpretations of Mexican-American
culture. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it, passing
from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people, a
charter minority on our own land. When the Spanish first came to Mexico, they intermarried with and
absorbed the culture of the indigenous Indians. This policy of colonization through acculturation was
continued when Mexico acquired Texas in the early 1800’s and brought the indigenous Indians into
Mexican life and government. In the 1820’s, United States citizens migrated to Texas, attracted by land
suitable for cotton. As their numbers became more substantial, their policy of acquiring land by subduing
native populations began to dominate. The two ideologies clashed repeatedly, culminating in a military
conflict that led to victory for the United States. Thus, suddenly deprived of our parent culture, we had to
evolve uniquely Mexican-American modes of thought and action in order to survive.
The author’s purpose in writing this passage is primarily to

A. suggest the motives behind Mexican and United States intervention in Texas.
B. document certain early objectives of the Mexican-American society.
C. provide a historical perspective for a new analysis of Mexican-American culture.
D. appeal to both Mexican and United States scholars to give greater consideration to economic
interpretations of history.
124
The social sciences are less likely than other intellectual enterprises to get credit for their
accomplishments. Arguably, this is so because the theories and conceptual constructs of the social
sciences are especially accessible: human intelligence apprehends truths about human affairs with a
particular facility. And the discoveries of the social sciences, once isolated and labeled, are quickly
absorbed into conventional wisdom, whereupon they lose their distinctiveness as scientific advances. This
under-appreciation of the social sciences contrasts oddly with what many see as their over-utilization.
Game theory is pressed into service in studies of shifting international alliances. Evaluation research is
called upon to demonstrate successes or failures of social programs. Models from economics and
demography become the definitive tools for examining the financial base of social security. Yet this rush
into practical applications is itself quite understandable: public policy must continually be made, and
policymakers rightly feel that even tentative findings and untested theories are better guides to decision-
making than no findings and no theories at all.
The author is primarily concerned with

A. advocating a more modest view, and less widespread utilization, of the social sciences.
B. dissolving the air of paradox inherent in human beings studying themselves
C. explaining a peculiar dilemma that the social sciences are in.
D. maintaining a strict separation between pure and applied social science.

The American people have an incorrect understanding of what it means to be at war. At least so argues
T.H. Pickett in his conservative interpretation of American military history. Pickett does present a wealth
of examples along with a refreshing candid argument that America often goes to war for an abstract ideal
such as the democratization of societies, world peace, liberty, or freedom. For instance, the Spanish –
American War of 1898 was ostensibly a consequence of national enthusiasm for the cause of Cuban
liberty. And, more obviously, America’s entry into World War I stemmed from a desire to “make the world
safe for democracy.” Although these observations are supportable, Pickett overstates the cause typically
lead to a war hysteria in which American leadership can no longer enforce any measured policies.
Which of the following best states the author’s main point?

A. Pickett provides a cogent rationale for why America engages in warfare; however, he draws
conclusions that the author does not fully support.
B. Pickett’s study is valuable primarily because it provides a thorough understanding of the causes
of American warfare.
C. The rationale for American warfare is well documented.
D. Pickett’s analysis of American military history provides the definitive historical record of the
period from the Spanish-American War to World War I.
125
At one time, one could only trace one’s family ancestry by writing letters, visiting courthouses, and
begging relatives for any crumb of information. However, today with the World Wide Web, the task has
become much simpler. Much of the archived history of our lives and our ancestors’ lives is readily available
on-line. In addition, there are specific software programs in existence that will walk you through the
process of creating a family tree and take you to appropriate Internet sites for record information. Another
alternative is hiring someone or some company to do your tree for you. Depending on your dedication
and time, a method is available for you. You might think about tracing your family roots. It is fun for many
and will let you in on your family’s past. Even if you find a skeleton in the closet, maybe you could just
ignore that twig of your family tree.
It can be inferred from the passage that

A. When we trace our family’s history, we may find bad as well as good things.
B. Tracing our family tree is not worth the effort.
C. The records we must search in order to come up with a family tree have changed due to the
World Wide Web.
D. Tracing one’s family tree is worthwhile for everyone.

Did you know that the surface of the water is elastic? When you venture deep into the Amazon Jungle,
you may encounter a lizard-like creature that runs across the top of the water. He does not swim the
water; he runs it like it is a solid surface. It is amazing to see! The combination of his light weight, the
speed at which he runs, and the surface of the water giving slightly he maintains his precarious balance
on top of the water.
Identify the statement below that gives the most accurate statement of the central idea of this passage.
A. Lizards in the Amazon Jungle are different from those in America.
B. The elasticity of the water’s surface is one component of the lizard’s ability to run on water.
C. All lizards are able to run on water if it has elasticity.
D. Water in the Amazon Jungle has elasticity because of the hot climate.
126
According to the United States Centers of Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, everybody
who is at least six months old should get a flu shot this year. This recommendation was first made last
year. The AARP Bulletin reports that a vaccine called Fluzone High-Dose is now available, designed
especially for people aged 65 years and older. Because older people produce less robust immune
responses than younger people, scientists have produced this vaccine to give them better protection
against the influenza virus. This is important because cases of the flu can involve very serious
complications for older persons.
Which of the following choices best identifies the main idea of this passage?
A. There is now a special high-dose flu shot just for older people.
B. Everyone over six months old should get a flu shot this year.
C. People over 65 years of age are more likely to contract the flu.
D. Due to complications, no flu shot can protect an older person.

Caffeine is a natural ingredient in coffee, cocoa, tea, and chocolate, and is added to some prescription and
non-prescription drugs. Despite being “natural,” Caffeine is also a powerful drug which greatly affects the
body. In healthy, rested people, a dose of 100 milligrams (about one cup of coffee) increases alertness,
banishes drowsiness, quickens reaction time, it enhances intellectual and muscular effort, and increases
heart and respiratory rates. Drinking one to two cups of coffee an hour before exercise encourages the
body to preserve glycogen and burn fat, something that results in greater endurance. In addition, caffeine
masks fatigue. In doses above 300 milligrams, caffeine can produce sleeplessness, nervousness, irritability,
headaches, heart palpitations, and muscle twitches. Caffeine is also habit-forming, and those who try to
suddenly stop after heavy use may experience such withdrawal symptoms as headaches, lethargy,
irritability, and difficulty in concentrating.
A. Caffeine is a powerful drug that affects the body in numerous ways
B. Caffeine is good to drink before working out.
C. Caffeine is linked to various health concerns.
D. Caffeine is a strong drug that only enhances the body when used.
127
When you want to hang the American flag over the middle of a street, suspend it vertically with the blue
field (called the union) to the north and east-west street. When the flag is displayed with another banner
from crossed staffs, the American flag is on the right. Place the staff of the American flag in front of the
other staff. Raise the flag quickly and lower it slowly and respectfully. When flying the flag at half-mast,
hoist it to the top of the pole for a moment before lowering it to mid-pole. When flying the American flag
with banners from states or cities, raise the nation’s banner first and lower it last. Never allow the flag to
touch the ground.
What main point is the author trying to make?

A. The American flag is the symbol of American freedom.
B. The American flag has fifty stars.
C. Placing the American flag inappropriately will draw government intervention.
D. The American flag should be flown differently in certain situations.

Impressionism was “born” in 1874 when an art critic reviewed the exhibition of several artists at Nader’s
photography studio in Paris. Very unimpressed with Monet’s 1872 printing entitled “Impression Sunrise,”
the critic used the term impression and later the word impressionist derogatorily. The name stuck and
was worn almost as a badge of honor by the artists who used methods and style similar to Monet’s, and
Monet became known as the Father of Impressionism. One might think that this radical departure from
the accepted norm rose full blown in Monet and that his comrades merely followed his lead. This
oversimplification is natural for laypersons, but it is akin to saying Darwin discovered evolution or Freud
discovered the unconscious mind. While all three men are indisputably tied to the concepts with which
we identify them, their true genius and claim to being discovered or “Father of ……” lies more in their
ability to synthesize rather than to create.
A. Monet became known as the Father of Impressionism after a critic reviewed 1874 exhibition in
Paris.
B. Monet’s genius, like that of Darwin or Freud, lies more in the ability to synthesize than in the
ability to create.
C. Oversimplification is natural for the layperson viewing Monet’s art.
D. A derogatory name can sometimes be worn as a badge of honor as it was for Monet and his
fellow artists.
128
Sometimes too much of a good thing can become a very bad thing indeed. In an earnest attempt to
consume a healthy diet, dietary supplement enthusiasts have been known to overdose. Vitamin C, for
example, long thought to help people ward off cold viruses, is currently being studied for its possible role
in warding off cancer and other diseases that cause tissue degeneration. Unfortunately, an overdose of
vitamin C – more than 10,000 mg. – on a daily basis can cause nausea and diarrhea. Calcium supplements,
commonly taken by women, are helpful in warding off osteoporosis. More than just a few grams a day,
however, can lead to stomach upset and even kidney or bladder stones. Niacin, proven useful in reducing
cholesterol levels, can be dangerous in large doses to those who suffer from heart problems, asthma, or
ulcers.
What point is the writer making in this paragraph?

A. supplements taken in excess can be a bad thing indeed.
B. dietary supplement enthusiasts have been known to overdose.
C. vitamins can cause nausea, diarrhea, and kidney or bladder stones.
D. people who take supplements are preoccupied with their health.

Most children have an interest in learning to play a musical instrument at one point or another during
their growing-up years. Parents need to take advantage of that urge to play when it appears. Some very
small children become intrigued with music because they see their parents or their older siblings play. The
Suzuki method of instruction capitalizes on that early willingness to learn by involving the parent and the
child in the child’s instructions. Elementary-aged youngsters often are exposed to stringed instruments or
band instruments in their school music classes. Because kids like to do what other kids do, parents who
are not musicians themselves can take advantage of both instruction and enthusiasm. It is at the middle
school level, however, that peer pressure can really work to the benefit of parents who want to hear the
sound of music around the house.
A. most children have an interest in learning to play a musical instrument during their growing-up
years.
B. some very small children become intrigued with music because they see their parents or siblings
play.
C. at various points, parents can take advantage of their children’s desire to play a musical
instrument.
D. middle-school children take delight at selecting and learning to play an instrument along with
their friends.
129
The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society or to draw attention to the
importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants have set out their wares at daybreak and
communal festivities have been celebrated, people have been in rough agreement with their neighbors
as to the time of day. The value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever. Were it not for public
acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be unbearably chaotic: the massive daily
transfers of goods, services, and information would proceed in fits and starts; the very fabric of modern
society would begin to unravel.
A. In modern society, we must make more time for our neighbors.
B. An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the smooth functioning of society.
C. The traditions of society are timeless
D. Society judges people by the times at which they conduct certain activities.

These resolutions, demanding in effect that slavery be thus safeguarded-almost to the extent of
introducing it into the free states-really foreshadowed the Democratic platform of 1860 which led to the
great split in that party, the victory of the Republicans under Lincoln, the subsequent secession of the
more radical southern states, and finally the Civil War, for it was inevitable that the North, when once
aroused, would bitterly resent such pro-slavery demands.
Which of the following best summarizes the main message of this text?
A. Differing opinions on slavery contributed to the Civil War.
B. The North expected and demanded Civil War.
C. The radical southern states instigated the Civil War.
D. Disputes between political parties had little effect on the Civil War.
130
Discussions on drug addiction should not only be concerned with drug addicts but also with the vast
majority of non-addicts. Their family and social lives are insecure as our narcotics laws drive such people
to crime. A drug addict is almost never harmful when he is under the influence of drugs. That desperate
need for money to buy the next fix makes him dangerous as drugs are available in illegal black markets
where prices of such drugs are quite astronomical. The high cost of these drugs drives the drug addict to
steal, kill or rob people of their money.
Drug addicts take the path of crime because?

A. Law is almost powerless against them.
B. They become sadists because of drug consumption.
C. They need huge sums of cash to buy drugs.
D. It's difficult for them to not commit a crime.

Dennis Tito, a renowned American engineer and multimillionaire is known for being the world's first space
tourist who funded his own trip to space. In year 2001, he spent more than a week in orbit as a crew
member of ISS EP-1. It was a visiting mission to the international space station after receiving an approval
from the Russian Federal Space Agency as a commercial spaceflight. Dennis, however was at the receiving
end of severe criticism from NASA right before the launch, especially from Daniel Goldin, the then NASA
administrator. He opined that it was quite inappropriate of a tourist to travel into space.
What was the main reason behind Goldin's criticism against Tito?
A. Goldin believed the price paid for the space ride was way too less
B. Dennis was not trained for a space ride.
C. Goldin believed that space travel was a serious business and not meant for tourism purposes.
D. The mission was not approved by the Russian Federal Space Agency.
131
Majority of us are wary of the fact that Americans are for long fighting with obesity. We often happen to
read articles and see video blogs on the internet highlighting the rising concern of obesity in the States.
Obesity itself is not the only concern as there are plenty of other diseases associated with it including
heart problems and diabetes. In 2011, about 29 million Americans had diabetes which is expected to 50
million by year 2020. Federal government is making efforts to promote education regarding obesity as by
2020, it will have to spend over $3.4 trillion every year to fight diabetes.
Which statement best describes the passage above?

A. About 29 million American citizens were suffering from diabetes in 2011.
B. The root cause of diabetes believed to be obesity.
C. Losing weight curbs the risk of diabetes and hence saves government's expense.
D. More than 50 million Americans will have diabetes by 2020.

Crime victims are often called to apprehend the offender who attempted to hurt, kill or rob them. Victim's
testimony is considered enough to establish guilt of the accused. There are times when victims do not
make reliable witnesses. This often happens because the victim is overcome with fear and hence he or
she either focuses on the weapon being used to cause harm or closes eyes due to shock. Consequently,
they cannot take see the attacker properly. In 2009, there were 300 such cases which rose to 379 in year
2015. While we can conclude that the testimony of crime victim is not always inaccurate, the conclusion
also demands that victim's identification is not the automatic proof of guilt.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea behind the passage?
A. Offenders often threaten victims to stay away from lodging a complaint.
B. Number of cases registered by victims dropped between 2009 and 2015.
C. Victims are not always able to correctly identify the offender
D. Wrong testimony of crime victims resulted in innocent people getting a sentence
132
The term camera obscura comes from the Latin words meaning “darkened room”. The first record of the
camera obscura principle goes back to Ancient Greece, when Aristotle noticed how light passing through
a small hole into a darkened room produced an image on the wall opposite, during a partial eclipse of the
sun. However, it may have been discovered much earlier than that. Stone Age men may have used the
principle of the camera obscura to produce the world's first cave drawings. The first modern camera to
be made was invented by Alexander Wolcott. His camera design was patented on May 8th, 1840. His
invention made it possible for candid photos to be taken and not fade away with time. Mr. Wolcott also
has the distinction of opening the first photography studio, known as Daguerrean Parlor, in New York.

A. The credit of inventing the first camera must not go to Alexander Wolcott as it all started much
before him.
B. Ancient times’ cameras took pictures, but there was no way to store them; so, we don't have any
records before Mr. Wolcott's pictures.
C. The basic principle that works behind capturing an image is to let light pass through a hole in a
particular way, in order to leave an impression on a surface.
D. Any revolution that took place, in terms of the invention and patenting of the camera, first
happened in America.

Crime has a lot to do with the psychology of a person. Forensic psychology, for example, studies the
general principles regarding the specific content and witness testimonials that are used in court to interact
appropriately with legal professionals. A forensic psychologist even evaluates civil litigants to determine
whether or not they have the capacity to participate in court. Thus, forensic psychology gets involved with
all types of court cases, not only criminal ones. A forensic expert, for instance, may be asked to present
himself in court as the witness for a civil matter. In this case, the cross-questioning may hamper the ability
of the court to make a decision, hence, a lot of credibility is required while testifying. A forensic
psychologist is a strong-minded professional and his mind is sufficiently trained in social, clinical and
organizational psychology.
Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the opinion of the author in the text?
A. A forensic psychologist is a type of legal expert that can solve issues involving a case even before
the defendant or the plaintiff have been properly represented.
B. A forensic expert's opinion may help a lawyer win a case even if the crime is committed by
someone else.
C. Forensic experts not only need to study theory, since research work and practical experience
matter more.
D. Any lawyer fighting a criminal litigation needs a forensic expert, or he might lose the case.
133

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The best real - life photography depends on

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When Jules was in the navy he

Why is the shape of sea cucumbers important?

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What does the passage mainly discuss?

What is the author’s conclusion about magnetic scanner machine?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 6

What is the author’s conclusion about counter staff? They are

Which of the following most accurately main purpose of the passage?

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The author’s description of glam rockers indicates that they

What is the passage mainly talk about?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 10

It can be understood from the passage that

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 12

The primary purpose of the passage is to

Which of the following is the main concern of the passage?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 14

What point is the writer making in this paragraph?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 16

What point is the author making in the paragraph?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 18

Why is it thought that the planet may be able to support life?

What point is the author making in the paragraph?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 20

What point is the author making in the paragraph?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 22

What point is the author making in the paragraph?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 24

What can be understood by the passage?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 26

What was the ultimate aim of legal scholarship?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 28

The author’s purpose in writing this passage is primarily to

The author is primarily concerned with

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 30

Which of the following best states the author’s main point?

It can be inferred from the passage that

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 32

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 34

What main point is the author trying to make?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 36

What point is the writer making in this paragraph?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 38

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 40

Drug addicts take the path of crime because?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 42

Which statement best describes the passage above?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 44

What point is the author making in the paragraph?

Multiple Choice – Choose Single Answer: 46

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