The document discusses and compares different types of gears, including spur gears, helical gears, worm gears, planetary gears, and continuously variable transmissions (CVTs). Spur gears are the simplest type but produce high noise and stress, while helical gears mesh more gradually and produce less noise. Worm gears can reduce speed and increase torque but have high power losses. Planetary gears transfer torque in the most compact form. CVTs provide smoother shifting and better fuel efficiency than traditional automatic transmissions but are more complex.
The document discusses and compares different types of gears, including spur gears, helical gears, worm gears, planetary gears, and continuously variable transmissions (CVTs). Spur gears are the simplest type but produce high noise and stress, while helical gears mesh more gradually and produce less noise. Worm gears can reduce speed and increase torque but have high power losses. Planetary gears transfer torque in the most compact form. CVTs provide smoother shifting and better fuel efficiency than traditional automatic transmissions but are more complex.
The document discusses and compares different types of gears, including spur gears, helical gears, worm gears, planetary gears, and continuously variable transmissions (CVTs). Spur gears are the simplest type but produce high noise and stress, while helical gears mesh more gradually and produce less noise. Worm gears can reduce speed and increase torque but have high power losses. Planetary gears transfer torque in the most compact form. CVTs provide smoother shifting and better fuel efficiency than traditional automatic transmissions but are more complex.
The document discusses and compares different types of gears, including spur gears, helical gears, worm gears, planetary gears, and continuously variable transmissions (CVTs). Spur gears are the simplest type but produce high noise and stress, while helical gears mesh more gradually and produce less noise. Worm gears can reduce speed and increase torque but have high power losses. Planetary gears transfer torque in the most compact form. CVTs provide smoother shifting and better fuel efficiency than traditional automatic transmissions but are more complex.
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DISCUSSION
1.Spur gear & Helical gears: Cutaway model
Spur gear: Spur gears are a type of cylindrical gear, with shafts that are parallel and coplanar, and teeth that are straight and oriented parallel to the shafts. They’re arguably the simplest and most common type of gear easy to manufacture and suitable for a wide range of applications.The teeth of a spur gear have an involute profile and mesh one tooth at a time. The involute form means that spur gears only produce radial forces (no axial forces), but the method of tooth meshing causes high stress on the gear teeth and high noise production. Because of this, spur gears are typically used for lower speed applications, although they can be used at almost any speed.
Figure 1: Spur Gear
Advantages Straightforward design. They offer constant velocity ratio. Spur gears highly reliable Transmission efficiency is high than other gear system. They are compact and easy to install
Disadvantages Limited center distance Gear teeth experience a large amount of stress Spur gears take significant stress They are extremely loud and concentrate stresses They cannot be used for long distance power transmission Spur gear drives are costly when compared to belt drives.
Applications Used in vehicle engines Material handling equipments Used in railway trains Mechanical clocks and watches Gear motors and gear pumps Metal cutting machines
Helical gears Helical gears and spur gears are two of the most common gear types and can be used in many of the same applications. Spur gears are simple and inexpensive to manufacture, but helical gears offer some important advantages over spur gears. The teeth of a helical gear are set at an angle (relative to axis of the gear) and take the shape of a helix. This allows the teeth to mesh gradually, starting as point contact and developing into line contact as engagement progresses. One of the most noticeable benefits of helical gears over spur gears is less noise, especially at medium- to high-speeds. Also, with helical gears, multiple teeth are always in mesh, which means less load on each individual tooth. This results in a smoother transition of forces from one tooth to the next, so that vibrations, shock loads, and wear are reduced
Figure 2 : Helical Gear
Advantages Preferred for heavy load applications. Less noise Non parallel shaft can handle. Strength is higher than the spur gear. Disadvantages The main disadvantage of helical gear is that there is difficulty in production due to its intricate teeth and maintaining constant helix angle and pressure angle The helical gear efficiency is lower than the other gear systems. Higher manufacturing cost than the spur gear. Application Used in fertilizer industries and printing industries. Used in steel rolling mills. Used in textile industries,plastic industries.
Worm gear model
A worm gear is a gear consisting of a shaft with a spiral thread that engages with and drives a toothed wheel. Worm gears are an old style of gear, and a version of one of the six simple machines. Basically, a worm gear is a screw butted up against what looks like a standard spur gear with slightly angled and curved teeth. It changes the rotational movement by 90 degrees, and the plane of movement also changes due to the position of the worm on the worm wheel. They are typically comprised of a steel worm and a brass wheel.
Figure 3: Worm gear
Advantages They can be used for reducing speed and increasing torque It has self locking it will restrict the reverse movement. Worm gear drives operate silently and smoothly Disadvantages Manufacturing cost Is high Worm and worm gear set will have heavy power losses. Cost of raw material to manufacture the worm gear is high. It has heavy power losses. If speed reduction ratio is large, worm teeth sliding action will create lots of heat. Application Hoisting and lifting applications Gates and Conveyor Belts Tuning Instruments How can make worm gear is reversible To get reversible rotating motion it is necessary to connect ac motor to the worm of the worm and worm gear system.
Planetary gear model
Planetary gear is a gear with the input shaft and the output shaft aligned. A planetary gear is used to transfer the largest torque in the most compact form. The planetary gear system consists of mainly three components: The sun gear The planet gear and the planet gear’s carrier The ring gear Each of these three components can be the input, the output or can be held stationery. Choosing which piece plays which role determines the gear ratio for the greatest. Figure 4: Planetary gear Advantages Power transmission efficiency will be quiet good. It has higher torque transmission capability and will have a lower inertia. Driven and driver equipment can arrange in same gear system. Longer gear life at similar loads Compact size and low weight – as much as 50% reduction with same torque output. High power density – several planets share the load rather than one gear, the more planets the more sharing.
Disadvantages Cost of planetary gear system is higher than the normal gear system. Designing and manufacturing is very complex Gearing should be accurate. Noisier Operation – some planetary gearheads are noisy. Gearing must be accurate to assure load sharing High bearing loads can lead to early wear in dead stud or sleeve bearing construction
Application Automation assembly and automation system Used in clocks and toys Continues variable transmission(CVT) model
Figure 5: Continues variable transmission
A continuous variable transmission, or CVT, is a type of automatic transmission that provides more useable power, better fuel economy and a smoother driving experience than a traditional automatic transmission. Advantages Compact design. Quick and better acceleration. Fuel efficiency. Smooth shifting Disadvantages Cost and maintains is hard Different driving experience. Not long lasting Applications A high power/density belt A set of Cone pulleys. Hydraulic Actuator. Mechanical torque sensor. Microprocessor. Torque Converter or Multi-layered clutch (replacing conventional clutches). References 1.Rattan, S. (2014). Theory of machines. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill Education (India) Private. 2. En.wikipedia.org.(2019).Gear. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear [Accessed 26 Mar. 2019].
