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    Site Selection

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    The document discusses site selection criteria and procedures for carbon dioxide capture and storage projects. It outlines commonly used geological criteria for screening potential storage sites, including adequate reservoir properties, multiple caprock barriers, and stable geological structures with no pathways for leakage. The document also describes the multi-step process for site selection, including screening of regions, ranking and selection of preferred sites, and detailed site characterization. The goal is to identify sites that can safely and permanently store captured CO2 underground.

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    Site Selection

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    mardirad
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    The document discusses site selection criteria and procedures for carbon dioxide capture and storage projects. It outlines commonly used geological criteria for screening potential storage sites, including adequate reservoir properties, multiple caprock barriers, and stable geological structures with no pathways for leakage. The document also describes the multi-step process for site selection, including screening of regions, ranking and selection of preferred sites, and detailed site characterization. The goal is to identify sites that can safely and permanently store captured CO2 underground.

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    The document discusses site selection criteria and procedures for carbon dioxide capture and storage projects. It outlines commonly used geological criteria for screening potential storage sites, including adequate reservoir properties, multiple caprock barriers, and stable geological structures with no pathways for leakage. The document also describes the multi-step process for site selection, including screening of regions, ranking and selection of preferred sites, and detailed site characterization. The goal is to identify sites that can safely and permanently store captured CO2 underground.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views14 pages

    Site Selection

    Uploaded by

    mardirad
    The document discusses site selection criteria and procedures for carbon dioxide capture and storage projects. It outlines commonly used geological criteria for screening potential storage sites, including adequate reservoir properties, multiple caprock barriers, and stable geological structures with no pathways for leakage. The document also describes the multi-step process for site selection, including screening of regions, ranking and selection of preferred sites, and detailed site characterization. The goal is to identify sites that can safely and permanently store captured CO2 underground.

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    UNFCCC SBSTA

    Technical Workshop on modalities and procedures


    for carbon dioxide capture and storage in geological formations
    as clean development mechanism project activities

    Site selection:
    Technical site selection criteria
    and information needs

    Dr. Gabriela von Goerne, Geologist Abu Dhabi, 2011 September 07-08
    Outline

    Brief introduction to criteria of geological storage site selection

    • Commonly used site selection criteria


    • Steps in a site selection process

    • Information needs 

    • How site selection relates to other activities around geological


    storage of CO2

    • Timelines

    Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Site selection criteria - Basis

    Site selection is key for a CCS project.


    The poorer the selection was and the less is known the more uncertain (more
    risky – environmentally, economically) a project will be.

    Goal of a site selection process is to find a suitable geological site for CO2
    storage.

    Suit able: Permanent, safe retention of the foreseen amounts of CO2 (and
    displaced brine) in deep geological formations - without impact on human, health,
    environment, and climate.
    Process t o be comparat ive: Use of internationally standardized methodologies,
    Approval schemes, Best Practice (esp. important in cases of trans-boundary
    projects).

    -1- Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Timeline - life cycle of a CCS project

    SITE SELECTION OPERATION Post closure / Long t erm liabilit y

    Operat or Public

    Construct Long-term
    Screening Characterization Injection Closure Post Closure
    Pilot Injection Stewardship
    1 2 3 4

    Baseline Monitoring „Standard“ Monitoring Post Monitoring Low Intensity Monitoring

    Ext ended Monit oring Ext ended Monit oring

    3 - 10 3-6 x 10‘s 2-3 x 10‘s 100‘s


    +X
    Approximate duration in years

    Conditions before CO2 injection


    End of Post Closure cannot be predicted in
    advance - depends on behaviour of the system,
    stable conditions, demonstrate long-term safety
    Permit s issued by Regulat or / Nat ional Aut horit y:
    1 Ex plorat ion permit
    2 St orage Permit
    3 (Post ) Closure Permit (Decommissioning,
    Reduced Monit oring)
    4 Transfer of responsibilit y

    -2- Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Site selection: Starting point

    Site selection actually starts with a need / a will to reduce climate-related emissions
    – CO2

    CO2- intensive facility (e.g. steel, cement, refinery, natural gas processing, ammonia
    coal-fired power plant), look for

    Substitute

    Energy efficiency

    Renewable energy

    CCS

    By assessing all options (alternatives, economics, environmental impact, climate


    benefit, feasibility) one may come to the conclusion that CCS is the option of choice
    – to capture – transport – and permanently store CO2 in deep geological formations.

    → Amount of CO2 that will need to be transported and stored „somewhere“


    (from one or more sources, it might be of interest to watch for partner)

    -3- Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Site selection - Steps

    • Statement of storage aims

    • Geological site screening

    • Ranking (short list)

    1
    • Site characterisation

    • Site design and planning


    2

    • (Site construction)

    -4- Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Site selection: Screening

    → Assess opportunities for storage sites within a region and produce a short-list of
    sites that, based on a first evaluation of existing data, are promissing to serve as a
    safe storage site.

    Geological evaluation on progressively more and more detailed scales (top-down


    approach)
    Country and state-scale screening – Basin scale – Site assessment

    Initial acquisition of data:



    National Geological Surveys

    National Mining Authority (and/or others – Water, Nature Conservation
    Authorities, Ministries)

    Suppliers such as oil / gas companies

    Exchange / communication between project developer / operator and authorities.


    Inclusion of regional / local communities / stakeholders as early as possible – CCS
    is also a national task.

    -5- Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Geological criteria include

    - A reservoir rock with adequate porosity, thickness (for storage capacity)


    and permeability (parameter for injectivity) at sufficient depth (> 800 m)

    - The reservoir rock must be capped by one, better more tight, low
    permeable cap rocks (multibarrier system)

    - A geological structure with no natural


    or man-made leakage pathway,
    no hydraulic contact to drinking water
    horizons, and
    sufficiently stable to avoid
    compromising the storage integrity.

    -6- Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Other criteria include

    • Natural resources (e.g. drinking water, geothermal heat)?


    (sites where other natural resources are present with current or
    potential future value may be ruled out – this is not a developers
    decision)
    • Competing underground use or synergies possible?
    • Public acceptance?
    • Area remote or densely populated?
    • Co-benefits (EOR)?
    • Geological structure onshore – offshore?
    • Existing infrastructure (depleted oil/gas fields)?
    (advantages – disadvantage (abandoned, old wells)

    -7- Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Site selection –Ranking and selection

    1. Ranking of sites

    Ranking factors (example, not comprehensive)


    • Storage Capacity (will meet the requirements of the source(s)
    • Injectivity potential (will influence an injection strategy, number of wells etc.)
    • Site logistics (source-sink not too far, possible pipeline route viable)
    • Reservoir depth, water column (in case of offshore geological storage)
    • Containment (seal and trap good, no fractures, faults – no leakage to be expected)
    • Existing natural resources (no resources that could be compromised)
    • Existing data basis, quality

    2. Selection of highest ranked storage sites (documentation)


    Communication between developer, regulator, local communities / public

    3. Apply for an Exploration Permit to undertake a detailled site characterisation


    of the selected site (scale depends on characterisation status / existing data basis)
    Documentation, analysis and results of existing data, Exploration Plan – what work will be
    done? (will normally be granted for a limited period of time by the regulator / authority)

    -8- Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Site selection – site characterisation

    Aim: Detailled analysis ( e.g. seismic surveys, groundwater analysis, drilling,


    sample analysis, acquire baseline data) to decide about suitability / non-suitability
    of the site

    Characterisation steps
    1: Data Collection (incl. Baseline monitoring)
    - Geology, geophysics, geochemistry, hydrology, geomechanics -
    2: Building a three-dimensional static geological earth model
    3: Characterisation of the storage dynamic behaviour
    4. Sensitivity characterisation, uncertainties, risk assessment (RA),
    environmental impact assessment (EIA)

    Questions to be answered:
    Are there potential leakage pathways?
    How large will the influenced area be? (CO2 plume, pressure built-up)
    Could CO2 and/or displaced brine move upward into drinking water horizons? Impact
    How will the system behave in the future (injection / post injection)?

    -9- Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Site selection – Final Step

    High confidence that the site will behave as expected


    - storage capacity, injectivity
    - no leakage of CO2, no upward movement of CO2 / brine
    - no environmental impacts

    Apply for a Storage Permit (2)

    Stakeholder / public consultation has


    been undertaken / documented
    Injection strategy, site management
    Monitoring Plan
    Remediation Plan
    RA, EIA
    2
    Financial Plan, Reporting ...

    It is not just the operator,


    the State is also in responsibility ...

    - 10 - Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Timeline (CDM)

    SITE SELECTION

    Source: Pollak, M., Wilson, E. (2009): Risk goverrnance for geological storage of CO2 under the clean development mechanism. Climate Policy, 9, 71-87)

    - 11 - Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07


    Concluding remarks

    • A comprehensive site selection process is key (so not a guarantee) for


    permanent and safe storage of CO2
    • It requires extensive knowledge / expertise on a developers as well as a
    regulators / permitting authorities site
    - independent experts (an international working group?) evaluating all
    applications / reports during the site selection process (and over the whole
    project) migt assist the process
    - Site selection based on risk-based approach including Environmental
    Impact Assessment
    - Standardized criteria and procedures are needed

    - 12 - Abu Dhabi - 2011 September 07

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