A.

Contoh Soal TOEFL Structure

1. _____ the demands of aerospace, medicine, and agriculture, aengineers, are creating exotic
new metallic substances.
(A) Meet
(B) Being met are
(C) To meet
(D) They are meeting

2. _______ James A. Bland, “Carry Me Back to Old Virginny” was adopted is the state song of
Virginia in 1940.
(A) Was written b
(B) His writing was
(C) He wrote the
(D) Written by

3. Mary Garden, ______ the early 1900’s was considered one of the best singing actresses of
her time.
(A) a soprano was popular
(B) in a popular soprano
(C) was a popular soprano
(D) a popular soprano in

4. In the realm of psychological theory Margaret F. Washburn was a dualist _____ that motor
phenomena have an essential role in psychology.
(A) who she believed
(B) who believed
(C) believed
(D) who did she believe

16. On Ellesmere Island in the Arctic one fossil forest consist of a nearly hundred
A B
large stumps scattered on an exposed coal bed.
C D

17. The surface conditions on the planet Mars are the more like the Earth’s than are
A B C
those of any other planet in the solar system.
D

18. The midnight sun is a phenomenon in which the Sun visible remains in the sky
A B C
for twenty-four hours or longer.
D

19. The Humber River and its valley form a major salmon-fishing, lumbering, hunting,
A B C
and farmer region in western Newfoundland, Canada.
D
Pembahasan Soal dan Jawaban
A. Structure
1. Jawab : (C) To meet
Keyword : the demands of aerospace
Pembahasan : Pola infinitive phrase: to infinitive + object of to infinitive
Kalimat tersebut menyatakan tujuan atau maksud. Maka dibutuhkan to
infinitive phrase.
Sehingg pilihan phrase yang tepat untuk mengisi rumpang tersebut adalah to
meet.

2. Jawab : (D) Written by

Keyword : James A. Bland
Pembahasan : Kalimat di atas membutuhkan Adjective Phrase untuk menerangkan kata
benda “Carry Me Back to Old Virginny”.
Frasa ajektif yang paling tepat adalah Written by. Mengapa disebut frasa
ajektif, karea past participle (v3) yang
tidak ditemani bentuk be atau have adalah sebuah ajektif.

3. Jawab : (D) a popular soprano in

Keyword : Mary Garden
Pembahasan : Kalimat pada soal membutuhkan Appositive Phrase. Mary Garden dan
appositive phrase (a popular soprano)
memiliki makna yang sama. Maka jawaban yang tepat adalah a popular
soprano in.

4. Jawab : (B) Who believed

Keyword : a dualist
Pembahasan : Pola adjective clause : (Conj. + S + V).
Untuk menerangkan kata benda a dualist maka klausa yang tepat adalah who
believed.

B. Written Expression.
16. Jawab : (B) a nearly
Keyword : hundred large stumps
Pembahasan : a nearly -> nearly
Kata “a nearly” tidak memerlukan indefinite article/determiner “a”, karena kata
benda stumps adalah plural.

17. Jawab : (B) The more

Keyword : the planet Mars
Pembahasan : the more -> more
Pola comparative: more ___ than ___
Maka seharusnya tidak perlu definite article “the” tapi cukup “more” saja.

18. Jawab : (B) visible remains

Keyword : the sun
Pembahasan : visible remains -> remains visible
Kata the sun dalam anak kalimat di atas memerlukan predicate bukan noun
phrase (visible remains).
Yang tepat seharusnya remains visible.

19. Jawab : (D) farmer

Keyword : and
Pembahasan : farmer -> farming
 Konjungsi and digunakan untuk menghubungkan kelas kata yang sederajat.
Karena sebelum “and” bentuk
katanya adalah gerund maka kata farmer seharusnya diubah dalam bentuk
gerund juga yaitu farming.

Reading Comprehension Passage 1

Robert Moog was an American inventor who developed the Moog Synthesizer. It
was one of the first synthesizers to gain widespread use as a musical instrument.
Moog’s synthesizers were an important pa Line of musical innovation in rock and
jazz music in the 1960s and 1970s. Robert Arthur Moog was born in Queens, a
borough of New York City 75 years ago. He became fascinated with electronics as a
teenager, particularly an early electronic music instrument called the theremin. Moog
studied physic and electrical engineering at Queens College and Columbia
University, both in New York City and later received a Ph.D. in engineering physic
Cornel University in Ithaca, New York. In 1954, while still an undergraduate student,
Moog formed his own company to sell theremins and theremin kits.

Soon after, Moog began working on a keyboard instrument that could replicate the
sound of any musical instrument electronically. Working with American composer
Herbert Deutsch, Moog introduced the prototype Moog Synthesizer at a convention
in 1964. The device represented a significant advance over previous electronic
synthesizer because of its use of new semiconductor technology, which
made it smaller and considerably cheaper than earlier machines. The Moog, as it
was known, was soon in demand by musician all over the world.

In 1964, Moog began a collaboration with American composer and organist Walter
Carlos (now Wendy Carlos), who released the bestselling electronic music album
Switched-On Bach in 1968. Rock groups such as the Beatles and Yes and jazz
musicians such as Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea began incorporating Moog
Synthesizer into their recordings, a trend that increased when the company
introduced the compact and portable Minimoog in 1970. A Moog Synthesizer was
also prominently featured on the soundtrack to the movie A Clockwork Orange in
1971. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2008

1. The word “prominently” in paragraph 3 can easily be replaced by …

(A) significantly
(B) perfectly
(C) accurately
(D) excellently

Jawab: (A) significantly

Keyword: featured on
Pembahasan:
• prominently = significantly = menonjol
• perfectly = sempurna
• accurately = akurat
• excellently = baik
2. The passage describes theremin as a/an …

(A) prototype of Moog Synthesizer

(B) initial electronic music instrument
(C) musical instrument to replicate the sound
(D) instrument of electronic tool

Jawab: (B) initial electronic music instrument

Keyword: instrument called theremin
Pembahasan: Initial electronic music instrument. Dapat dilihat pada bacaan
‘particularly on early electronic music instrument called theremin.

3. The pronoun “it” paragraph 2 refers to…

(A) electronic synthesizer

(B) a keyboard instrument
(C) prototype of Moog Synthesizer
(D) new semiconductor technology

Jawab: (C) prototype of Moog Synthesizer

Keyword: intoduced yhe prototype
Pembahasan: Prototype of Moog Synthesizer. Jika dilihat dari bacaan pada
paragraf 3, Moog memperkenalkan sebuah prototype Moog Synthesizer.

4. According to the passage, all of the following are true about The Moog,
EXCEPT…

(A) it was invented by Robert Moog

(B) it was first introduced in 1964
(C) it initiated new technology which was smaller and cheaper than previous
(D) it was the first synthesizer in the world

Jawab: (D) it was the first synthesizer in the world

Keyword: made it smaller and considerably than
Pembahasan: it was the first synthesizer In the world. Karena dalam bacaan
ke-18-19 dituliskan bahwa sebelumnya sudah diciptakan mesin synthesizer
“which made it smaller and considerably cheaper than earlier machine”.

5. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses…

(A) collaboration between The Moog and other musicians

(B) the description of compact and portable Mini Moog
(C) the improvement of Moog Synthesizer
(D) trend in the music industry about synthesizer

Jawab: (C) the improvement of Moog Synthesizer

Keyword : Moo Sythesizer was also prominently
Pembahasan: Yang paling mungkin dibahas dalam paragraf selanjutnya
adalah the improvement of Moog synthesizer.

6. The main idea of paragraph three is …

(A) the Moog’s collaboration in music field
(B) the Moog in the movie soundtrack
(C) the introduction of Minimoog
(D) the collaboration of The Moog with music groups

Jawab: (A) the Moog’s collaboration in music field

Keyword: Moog began a collaboration
Pembahasan: the Moog’s collaboration in music field. Dalam bacaan dituliskan
bahwa Moog mulai berkolaborasi dengan berbagai musisi dalam berbagai
genre musik.

Reading Comprehension Passage 2

Throughout history, people have been the victim of pickpockets. Today, pick
pocketing is the one of the most rapidly increasing crimes. Pickpockets are
increasing in number and developing better methods to Line practice their skill.
Approximately one million Americans lose money to pickpockets every year, and
none is really safe from a skilled pickpockets. His victims, or ‘marks’ as they are
called, can be rich or poor, young or old.

During the eighteenth century, pickpockets were hanged in England, large crowds of
people would gather watch the hanging, which was supposed to be a warning to
other pickpockets. However, in time the practice was discontinued. The reason:
while people were attentively watching the hanging of a pickpockets, other
pickpockets skillfully stole the money of spectators.

Police official say that the most efficient pickpockets come from South America.
Many of these expert pickpockets are trained in special school called ‘Jingle Bell
Schools’. A pickpocket’s graduate from J. B. S when he is able to steal a wallet from
a dresses dummy (mannequin) that has bells inside its pockets.
Even the most well dressed, respectable person may be a pickpocket. Some of the
favorite places of pickpockets are banks, airports, racetrack, supermarkets,
elevators, and train and bus stations. Oftentimes a pickpocket will work with another
pickpockets as his partner. Another kind of pickpockets works outside or inside bars
and specialize in stealing from women is called a ‘purse snatcher’.

To avoid being the victim of a pickpocket, it’s important to be very cautious and alert
when in the midst of large gathering of the people.

7. The best title for the passage would be…

(A) Pickpockets are well dressed

(B) Jingle Bell Schools
(C) Pickpockets
(D) The hanging of pickpockets

Jawab: (C) Pickpockets

Keyword: have been the victim of pickcpockets
Pembahasan: Keseluruhan bacaan di atas berisi tentang pickpocket
(pencopet).

8. The hanging of pickpockets were not continued because …

(A) they were large crowd of people
(B) it was against humanity
(C) the police were not at the hanging
(D) it was not effective to stop pickpocketing

Jawab: (D) it was not effective to stop pickpocketing

Keyword: other pickpockets skillfully stole the money
Pembahasan: Pada paragraf 2 dijelaskan bahwa ketika para pencopet
digantung, pencopet yang lain beraksi di antara kerumunan penonton.

9. Pick pocketing is … crime.

(A) an old
(B) a modern
(C) a temporary
(D) a contemporary

Jawab: (A) an old

Keyword: during the 18th century
Pembahasan: Pencopetan merupakan kejahatan lama sejak abad ke-18.

10. The passage mentions that pickpockets steal in/from the following, except

(A) crowded places

(B) the shops
(C) drunkards
(D) women

Jawab: (C) drunkards

Keyword: his victims can be rich or poor, young or old
Pembahasan: Berdasarkan bacaan, drunkard tidak disebutkan.

11. South Americans pickpockets are the most efficient ones because …

(A) they are well-trained

(B) they are handsome
(C) they are well-dressed
(D) they are respectable

Jawab: (A) they are well-trained

Keyword: the most efficient pickpockets come from South America
Pembahasan: Di Amerika Sealtan terdapat sekolah untuk para pencopet.

Reading Comprehension Passage 3

The cause of tooth decay is acid, which is produced by bacteria in the mouth. The
acid removes minerals from tooth enamel, allowing tooth decay to begin; the saliva
in your mouth encourages remineralization and Line neutralizes the acid. The rate at
which bacteria in the mouth produce acid depends on the amount of plaque on the
teeth, the composition of the microbial flora, and whether the bacteria of the plaque
have been “primed” by frequent exposure to sugar. To keep your teeth healthy, a
regular dental hygiene program should be followed.
Removing plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss temporarily reduces the
numbers of bacteria in the mouth and thus reduces tooth decay. It also makes the
surfaces of the teeth more accessible, enabling saliva to neutralize acid and
remineralise lesions. If fluoride is present in drinking water when teeth are forming,
some fluoride is incorporated into the enamel of the teeth, making them more
resistant to attack by acid. Fluoride toothpaste seems to act in another way, by
promoting the remineralization of early carious lesions.

In addition to a regular dental hygiene program, a good way to keep your teeth
healthy is to reduce your intake of sweet food. The least cavity- causing way to eat
sweets is to have them with meals and not between. The number of times you eat
sweets rather than the total amount determines how much harmful acid the bacteria
in your saliva produce. But the amount of sweets influences the quality of your
saliva. Avoid, if you can, sticky sweets that stay in your mouth a long time. Also try to
brush and floss your teeth after eating sugary foods. Even rinsing your mouth with
water is effective. Whenever possible, eat foods with fiber, such as raw carrot sticks,
apples, celery sticks, etc., that scrape off plaque, acting as a toothbrush. Cavities
can be greatly reduced if these rules are followed when eating sweets.

12. What does this passage mainly discuss?

(A) Good nutrition

(B) Food with fiber
(C) Ways to keep your teeth healthy
(D) Fluoridization and cavities

Jawab: (C) Ways to keep your teeth healthy

Keyword: to keep your teeth healthy
Pembahasan: Bacaan tersebut membahas tentang cara menjaga gigi Anda
sehat (Ways to keep your teeth healthy).

13. According to the passage, all of the following statements about plaque are true
EXCEPT…

(A) it consists of acid producing bacteria

(B) it is not affected by eating sweets
(C) it can be removed from teeth by brushing and flossing
(D) it reduces the positive effect of saliva

Jawab: (B) It is not affected by eating sweets

Keyword: have been primed by frequent exposure to sugar
Pembahasan: Pernyataan tentang plak berdasarkan bacaan tersebut kecuali:
“It is not affected by eating sweets.”

14. We can infer from the passage that one benefit of fluoride to healthy teeth is…

(A) It strengthens tooth enamel

(B) it stimulates saliva production
(C) it makes teeth whiter
(D) It Is a replacement for brushing and flossing in dental care
Jawab: (A) it strengthens tooth enamel
Keyword: making them more resistant to attarck by add
Pembahasan: Kita bisa menyimpulkan satu manfaat dari fluoride untuk gigi,
yaitu memperkuat enamel gigi (It strengthens tooth enamel.)

15. The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to …

(A) dental floss

(B) bacteria
(C) removal of plaque
(D) plaque

Jawab: (C) removal of plaque

Keyword: removing plaque
Pembahasan: “it” paragraf ke 2 menunjukkan removal of plaque
(menghilangkan plak).

16. What can be concluded from the passage about sweets?

(A) All sweets should be avoided.

(B) Sweets should be eaten with care.
(C) It is better to eat sweets a little at a time throughout the day.
(D) Sticky sweets are less harmful than other sweets.

Jawab: (B) Sweets should be eaten with care.

Keyword: Avoid, if you can, sticky sweets
Pembahasan: Simpulan tentang “sweets” (permen) adalah sweets should be
eaten with care. (Sweets harus dimakan dengan hati-hati).

17. The word “scrape off” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to…

(A) repel
(B) rub together with
(C) remove
(D) dissolve

Jawab: (C) remove

Keyword: acting as a toothbrush
Pembahasan: Kata “scrape off” yang terdekat dalam arti untuk remove.
• repel = mengusir
• rub together with = gosok bersama-sama dengan
• remove = menghapus
• dissolve = larut

18. According to the passage, the value of eating foods with fiber is that …

(A) they contain Vitamin A

(B) they are less expensive than a toothbrush
(C) they are able to remove the plaque from your teeth
(D) they contain no sugar
Jawab: (C) they are able to remove the plaque from your teeth
Keyword: that scrape off plaque
Pembahasan: Menurut bagian ini, nilai makan makanan dengan serat adalah
bahwa “they are able to remove the plaque from your teeth” (mereka mampu
menghilangkan plak dari gigi Anda).

19. The author of the passage states that the amount of acid produced by the
bacteria in your saliva increases …

(A) with the amount of sweets you eat

(B) with the number of times you eat sweets
(C) if you eat sweets with your meals
(D) if you eat sticky sweets

Jawab: (B) with the number of times you eat sweets

Keyword: the amount of sweets influences the quality of your saliva
Pembahasan: Jumlah asam yang diproduksi oleh bakteri dalam air liur akan
meningkat seiring dengan jumlah permen yang dimakan. (with the number of
times you eat sweets.)

Reading Comprehension Passage 4

Until recently,mostAmericanentrepreneursweremen. Discrimination against women
in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had
kept the number of women entrepreneurs Line small. Now, however, businesses
owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this
figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an
official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s was the decade
of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the
woman entrepreneur”.

What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn
advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding
obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a
management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an
MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found
out that isn’t going to happen, so they go out on their own”.

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” fields: cosmetics and
clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a
$22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra
Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When
Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly
newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at
home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she
succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-
science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and
sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns
$66.9 million of stock.
Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do.
They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money;
the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard.
Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing;
there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

20. What is the main idea of this passage?

(A) Women today are better educated than in the past, making them more attractive
to the business world.
(B) The computer is especially lucrative for women today.
(C) Women are better at small businesses than men are.
(D) Women today are opening more businesses of their own.

Jawab: (D) Women today are opening more businesses of their own.
Keyword: businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion
Pembahasan: Gagasan utama bacaan tersebut adalah Wanita masa kini makin
banyak yang membuka usaha sendiri.

21. The word “excluded” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to…

(A) not permitted in

(B) often invited to
(C) decorators of
(D) charged admission to

Jawab: (A) not permitted in

Keyword: form most executive suites
Pembahasan: Kata “excluded” = dikecualikan”pada paragraf ke 2 adalah
memiliki arti terdekat dengan not permitted in = tidak diizinkan dalam.
• often invited to = sering diundang untuk.
• decorators of = dekorator dari.
• charged admission to = dibebankan masuk ke.

22. All of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the
business world EXCEPT…

(A) women were required to stay at home with their families

(B) women lacked ability to work in business
(C) women faced discrimination in business
(D) women were not trained in business

Jawab: (B) women lacked ability to work in business

Keyword: more women earn advanced degrees in business
Pembahasan: Berlkut Ini adalah yang disebutkan dalam bacaan sebagai
kekurangan wanita di dunia bisnis KECUALI wanita tidak
memiliki kemampuan untuk bekerja dalam bisnis (women lacked ability to
work in business).

23. In paragraph 2, “that” refers to …

(A) a woman becomes chairman of the board
(B) women working hard
(C) women achieving advanced degrees
(D) women believing that business is a place for them

Jawab: (A) a woman becomes chairman of the board

Keyword: they become chairman of the board
Pembahasan: Kata “that” pada paragraf ke 2 mengacu padaa woman becomes
chairman of the board (wanita yang menjadi ketua dewan).

24. According to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in the 1970s…

(A) were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management

(B) were still more interested in education than business opportunities
(C) had fewer obstacles in business than they do today
(D) were unable to work hard enough to succeed in business

Jawab: (A) were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management

Keyword: women believed if they got an MBA
Pembahasan: Menurut bacaan, Charlotte Taylor percaya bahwa perempuan
pada 1970-an kurang yakin tentang peluang mereka dalam manajemen bisnis
(were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management).

25. The author mentions the “shoebox under the bed” in the third paragraph in order
to…

(A) show the frugality of women in business

(B) show the resourcefulness of Sandra Kurtzig
(C) point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig’s business were
limited
(D) suggest that the company needed to expand

Jawab: (C) point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig’s
business were limited
Keyword: to hold the company’s cash
Pembahasan: Penulis menyebutkan “shoebox under the bed” dalam paragraf
ketiga untuk menunjukkan bahwa pada awalnya sumberdaya keuangan dari
bisnis Sandra Kurtzig’s terbatas (point out that initially the financial resources
of Sandra Kurtzig’s business were limited).

26. In the third paragraph, the word “this” refers to…

(A) women becoming entrepreneurs

(B) women buying cosmetics and clothing
(C) women working in “women’s fields”
(D) women staying at home

Jawab: (C) women working in “women’s fields”

Keyword: women entrepreneurs worked in women’s fields
Pembahasan: Kata “this” pada paragraf ke 3 mengacu pada perempuan yang
bekerja di “bidang perempuan” (women working in “women’s fields”).
27. The expression “keep tabs on” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to …

(A) recognize the appearance of

(B) keep records of
(C) provide transportation for
(D) pay the salaries of

Jawab: (B) keep records of

Keyword: let weekly newspapers
Pembahasan: Ungkapan “keep tabs on = mengawasi” pada paragraf ke
3 memiliki arti terdekat dengan keep records of (menyimpan rekaman).
• recognize the appearance of = mengakui tampilan
• provide transportation for = menyediakan transportasi untuk
• pay the salaries of = membayar gaji

28. The word “hurdles” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by…

(A) fences
(B) obstacles
(C) questions
(D) small groups

Jawab: (B) obstacles

Keyword: especially problem in raising money
Pembahasan: Kata “hurdles = rintangan” dalam paragraf terakhir dapat
digantikan dengan kata obstacles (hambatan).
• fences = pagar
• obstacles = hambatan
• questions = pertanyaan
• small groups = kelompok kecil

29. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that businesses
operated by women are small because …

(A) women prefer a small intimate setting

(B) women can’t deal with money
(C) women are not able to borrow money easily
(D) many women fail at large businesses

Jawab: (C) women are not able to borrow money easily

Keyword: especially problem in raising money
Pembahasan: Bisnis yang dioperasikan oleh wanita masih kecil karena mereka
tidak dapat meminjam uang dengan mudah (women are not able to borrow
money easily).

30. The author’s attitude about the future of women in business is …

(A) skeptical
(B) optimistic
(C) frustrated
(D) negative
Jawab: (B) optimistic
Keyword: but the situation is changing
Pembahasan: Sikap penulis tentang masa depan wanita dalamm bisnis adalah
optimis (optimistic)

50 Contoh Soal TOEFL Reading Comprehension

Lengkap dengan Kunci Jawaban dan
Pembahasan Part B
Oleh Pustaka Bahasa InggrisDiposting pada Januari 4, 2019

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Dear Readers,

Artikel hari ini adalah lanjutan dari artikel sebelumnya tentang Contoh Soal TOEFL
Reading Comprehension. Simak contoh sebelumnya di sini:

Read More
50 Contoh Soal TOEFL Reading Comprehension Lengkap dengan Kunci Jawaban dan
Pembahasan Part A

Di sini saya akan genapkan contoh soal tersebut menjadi 50 sesuai dengan
judulnya: 50 Contoh Soal TOEFL Reading Comprehension Lengkap dengan
Kunci Jawaban dan Pembahasan.

Yuk langsung saja kita simak dan pahami bersama-sama.

 Table of Contents [show]
50 Contoh Soal TOEFL Reading Comprehension Lengkap dengan Kunci
Jawaban dan Pembahasan Part B

Reading Comprehension Passage 5

This rapid transcontinental settlement and these new urban industrial circumstances
of the last half of the 19“’ century were accomp

anied by the development of a national literature of great abundance and variety.

Line New themes, new forms, new subjects, new regions, new authors, new
audiences all emerged in the literature of this half century. As a result, at the onset of
World War I, the spirit and substance of American literature
had evolved remarkably, just as its center of production had shifted from Boston to
New York In the late 1880s and the sources of its energy to Chicago and the
Midwest. No longer was it produced, at

least in its popular forms, in the main by solemn, typically moralistic men from New
England and the Old South; no longer were polite, well-dressed, grammatically
correct, middle-class young people the only central characters in its narratives no
longer were these narratives to be set in exotic places and remote times; no
longer, indeed, were fiction, poetry, drama, and formal history the chief acceptable
forms of literary expression; no longer, finally, was literature read primarily by young,
middle class women. In sum, American literature in these

years fulfilled in considerable measure the condition Walt Whitman called for inl867
in describing Leaves of Grass: It treats, he said of his own major work, each state
and region as peers “and expands from them, and includes the world … connecting
an American citizen with the citizens of all nations.” At the same time, these years
saw the emergence of what has been designated “the literature of argument,”
powerful works in sociology, philosophy, psychology, many of them impelled by the
spirit of exposur

e and reform. Just as America learned to play a role in this half century as an
autonomous international political, economic, and military power, so did its literature
establish itself as a producer of major works.

31. The main idea of this passage is …

(A) that the new American literature was less provincial than the old
(B) that World War I caused a dramatic change in America
(C) that centers of culture shifted from East to West
(D) that most people were wary of the new literature

Jawab: (A) that the new American literature was less provincial
Keyword: were accompanied by the development of a national literature
Pembahasan: Gagasan utama dari bacaan ini adalah sastra Amerika baru
kurang kedaerahan dari yang lawas (that the new American literature was less
provincial than the old).

32. It can be inferred from lines 1-3 that the previous passage probably discussed …

(A) the Importance of tradition to writers

(B) new developments in industrialization and population shifts
(C) the fashions and values of 19th century America
(D) the limitations of American literature to this time

Jawab: (B) new developments In Industrialization and population shifts

Keyword: the rapid transcontinental settlement and these new urban Industrial
Pembahasan: Yang dapat disimpulkan dari kalimat 1 adalah perkembangan
pergeseran industrialisasl dan populasi yang baru (new developments in
industrialization and population shifts).

33. The word “evolved” is closest in meaning to…

(A) became famous

(B) turned back
(C) diminished
(D) changed

Jawab: (D) changed

Keyword: had shifted from
Pembahasan: evolved – berevolusi became famous = menjadi terkenal turned
back = berbalik diminished = berkurang changed = berubah

34. The word “it” refers to…

(A) the population

(B) the energy
(C) American literature
(D) the manufacturing

Jawab: (C) American literature Keyword: the spirit and substance of American
literature
Keyword: the spirit and substance of American literature
Pembahasan: Kata “it” mengacu pada sastra Amerika (American literature).

35. The word “exotic” is closest in meaning to…

(A) urban
(B) unusual
(C) well-known
(D) old-fashioned

Jawab : (B) unusual Keyword Pembahasan

Keyword: exotic places and remote times
Pembahasan: Kata “exotic” = eksotis arti yang terdekat unusual = tidak biasa
• urban = perkotaan
• unusual = tidak biasa
• well-known = terkenal
• old-fashioned = kuno

36. The author uses the word “indeed” for what purpose?

(A) to emphasize the contrast he is making

(B) for variety in a lengthy paragraph
(C) to wind down his argument
(D) to show a favorable attitude to these forms of literature

Jawab: (A) to emphasize the contrast he is making

Keyword: no longer
Pembahasan: Penulis menggunakan kata ” indeed = benar” untuk
menekankan kontras (to emphasize the contrast he is making).

37. The phrase “these years” in line 17 refers to …

(A) 1850-1900
(B) the 1900s
(C) the early 1800s
(D) the present

Jawab: (A) 1850-1900

Keyword: in late 1880s
Pembahasan: Ungkapan “these years = bertahun-tahun” dalam mengacu pada
1850-1900.

38. It can be inferred from the passage that Walt Whitman…

(A) disliked urban life

(B) was disapproving of the new literature
(C) wrote Leaves of Grass
(D) was an international diplomat

Jawab: (C) wrote Leaves of Grass Keyword: in describing Leaves of Grass

Keyword: in describing Leaves of Grass
Pembahasan: Hal yang dapat disimpulkan tentang Walt Whitman adalah
menulis Leaves of Grass.

39. All of the following can be inferred from the passage about the new literature
EXCEPT…

(A) it was not highly regarded Internationally

(B) it introduced new american themes, characters, and settings
(C) itbrokewithmanyliterarytraditionsofthepast
(D) it spoke to the issue of reform and change

Jawab: (A) it was not highly regarded internationally

Keyword: 50 did its literature establish itself
Pembahasan: Simpulan di atas adalah benar tentang “new literature” literatur
baru kecuali sangat tidak dihargai secara internasional (It was not highly
regarded internationally).
40. This passage would probably be read in which of the following academic
courses?

(A) European history

(B) American literature
(C) Current events
(D) International affairs

Jawab: (B) American literature

Keyword: substance of American literature
Pembahasan: Bagian ini mungkin akan dibaca di mana di kelas sastra
Amerika.

Reading Comprehension Passage 6

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual
becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the
average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example. Line rank among the most
healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to
them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into
contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few
weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop.
Sometimes it’s hard to figure out if you have a food allergy since it can show up so
many different ways.

Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes,
hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most
common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate,
oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are
not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months.

Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing
tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common
foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine,
pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental
and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating
their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin.

Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially
colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds,
green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin
Feingold, who has written the book Why your Child is 30 Hyperactive. Other
researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

41. The topic of this passage is…

(A) reactions to foods

(B) food and nutrition
(C) infants and allergies
(D) a good diet
Jawab: (A) reactions to foods
Keyword: an individual becomes sensitive to a substance
Pembahasan: Topik dari bacaan tersebut adalah reaksi terhadap makan
(reactios of foods).

42. According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to foods is due to
…

(A) the vast number of different foods we eat

(B) lack of a proper treatment plan
(C) the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems
(D) the use of the prepared formula to feed babies

Jawab: (C) the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems

Keyword: it can show up so many different ways
Pembahasan: Menurut bagian ini, kesutitan dalam mendiagnosis alergi
terhadap makanan adalah karena kemiripan gejala alergi dengan masalah lain
(the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems).

43. The word “symptoms” in line 8 is closest in meaning to …

(A) indications
(B) diet
(C) diagnosis
(D) prescriptions

Jawab: (A) indications

Keyword: could be caused by many other problems
Pembahasan:
• symptoms = gejala
• indications = indikasi
• diet = diet
• diagnosis = diagnosis
• prescriptions = resep

44. The phrase “set off” is closest to the meaning …

(A) relieved
(B) identified
(C) avoided
(D) triggered

Jawab: (D) triggered

Keyword: by foods containing
Pembahasan: Ungkapan “set off” adalah paling mirip dengan arti triggered =
dipicu
• relieved = lega
• identified= diidentifikasi
• avoided= dihindari

45. What can be inferred about babies from this passage?

(A) They can eat almost anything.
(B) They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
(C) They gain little benefit from being breastfed.
(D)They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early.

Jawab: (B) They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.

Keyword: many of these allergies will not develop. If these foods are not fed to
an infant until
Pembahasan: Simpulan tentang bayi adalah mereka harus memiliki pola
makanan yang dibatasi dengan hati-hati (They should have a carefully
restricted diet as infants).

46. The word “hyperactive” is closest in meaning to …

(A) overly active

(B) unusually low activity
(C) excited
(D) inquisitive

Jawab: (A) overly active

Keyword: children who are hyperactive
Pembahasan: Kata “hiperaktif” mirip dengan overly active (terlalu aktif)
• overly active = terlalu aktif
• unusually low activity = aktivitas luar biasa rendah
• excited = bersemangat
• inquisitive = ingin tahu

47. The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related
to allergies has to do with the infants…

(A) lack of teeth

(B) poor metabolism
(C) underdeveloped intestinal tract
(D) inability to swallow solid foods

Jawab: (C) underdeveloped intestinal tract

Keyword: until her or his intestines mature
Pembahasan: Dinyatakan dalam bacaan bahwa alasan bahwa bayi perlu
menghindari makanan tertentu yang berhubungan dengan alergi karena
saluran pencernaan yang belum berkembang baik.

Reading Comprehension Passage 7

A curfew is a specific type of law instituted by those In power. It is one that requires
citizens to be off the streets and out of public places at specified hours.

There are active curfew laws in some communities in the United States today; these
laws are currently functioning. The existing curfew laws generally refer to minors.
These laws usually indicate the hour when the children must be off the streets and
out of public unless they are with their parents.
Curfew laws have a long tradition. William of Normandy introduced the custom to the
British Isles after his invasion there in 1066. At curfew time, a bell was rung.
The pealing of the bell indicated that citizens should extinguish any burning fires
and clear the streets for the night. The word curfew actually developed at this time
from the Norman French expression couvre-feu or cover the fire.

48. The word “minors” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by …

(A) children
(B) communities
(C) public
(D) citizens

Jawab: (A) children

Keyword: generally refer to minors
Pembahasan: Minors = belum dewasa
• children = anak-anak
• communities = komunitas
• public = publik
• citizens = warga

49. Look at the word “pealing” in paragraph 3. This word is closest in meaning to
which of the following?

(A) ringing
(B) uncovering
(C) breaking
(D) burning

Jawab: (A) ringing

Keyword: a bell was rung
Pembahasan: Pealing = bunyi
• ringing = dering
• uncovering = mengungkap
• breaking = pemecahan
• burning = pembakaran

50. Citizens should extinguish any burning fires, (paragraph 3). Word extinguish is
closest in meaning to…

(A) put in
(B) put on
(C) put off
(D) put out

Jawab: (D) put out

Keyword: should extinguish any burning fire
Pembahasan: Extinguish = padam
• put in =memasukkan
• put on = memakai
• put off =menunda
• put out = memadamkan
Pola Soal Modal

Modal adalah kata kerja bantu atau auxilliary verb atau helping verb, yang terdiri dari : shall, should,
will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, need, dare dan used to. Kata-kata tersebut diatas
ditempatkan sebelum kata kerja (verb) atau sesudah subjek.

1. Modal Shall
Dipakai untuk :
a. Menyatakan future dengan subjek I atau we
Contoh : I shall leave for America tomorrow.
b. Janji
Contoh : you shall have a motorbike.
c. Ancaman
Contoh : You shall be punished if you do that.

2. Modal Should
Dipakai untuk :
a. Bentuk lampau dari shaal, jika berada pada anak kalimat
b. Mengandung arti “seharusnya” dalam bentuk present
c. Mengandung arti “sebaiknya” (suggestion)
Contoh :
 I said that I should leave.
 You should obey your parents.
 If you are tired, you should take a rest.

3. Modal Will
Dipakai untuk :
a. Bentuk future
Contoh : I will go to Jakarta tomorrow.
b. Menyatakan janji
Contoh : I will come to your house if it doesn’t rain.
c. Polite request
Contoh : Will you open the window please!

4. Modal Would
Dipakai untuk :
a. Bentuk past dari will jika berada pada anak kalimat
Contoh :
- He says he will come.
- He said he would come.
b. Polite request
Contoh : Would you open the door, please?
c. Menunjukkan keinginan want jika beriringan dengan like (would like = want)
Contoh : Would you like a cup of tea? = Do you want a cup of tea?
5. Modal Can
Mengandung ati :
a. Ability dalam bentuk present
Contoh : I can speak English.
b. Permission
Contoh : Can I go out?

6. Modal Could
Mengandung arti :
a. Bentuk lampau dari can jika berada pada anak kalimat.
Contoh : I said that I could go with you.
b. Ability dalam bentuk lampau.
Contoh : When I was young I could play tennis well.
c. Permission (Izin yang lebih halus dari can)
Contoh : Could I borrow your pen?

7. Modal May
Mengandung arti :
a. Permission (Izin)
Contoh : May I go home now? (Bolehkah...)
b. Possibility (Kemungkinan)
Contoh : He may come late (Mungkin)

8. Modal Might
Mengandung arti :
a. Bentuk lampau dari may jika berada pada anak kalimat
Contoh : He said that he might go home (boleh)
b. Probability (kemungkinan)
Contoh : She might be late (mungkin)

9. Modal Must
Mengandung arti :
a. Harus
Contoh : You must study hard.
b. Pasti
Contoh : Andi bought a new car, he must be rich.

10. Modal Need

Dapat dipakai :
a. Sebagai kata kerja biasa
Contoh : Do you need a new book?
b. Sebagai kata kerja bantu
Contoh : Need to go so soon?
11. Modal Perfect
a. Misal :
I could have lifted the box just now.
= Saya bisa mengangkat peti itu (tetapi tidak saya lakukan).
Artinya suatu kemampuan di waktu lampau yang tidak dikerjakan.
b. Misal :
He might have gone by train early this morning.
= Mungkin dia pergi dengan kereta api tadi pagi.
Artinya suatu kemungkinan di watu lampau.
c. Misal :
I must have rained last night.
= Pasti tadi malam hujan (terbukti dengan jalan yang basah, misalnya).
Suatu kesimpulan atau kepastian di waktu lampau.
d. Misal :
I would have returned your bicycle.
= Saya ingin mengembalikan sepedamu (tetapi tidak bisa).
Suatu keinginan yang tidak terpenuhi.
e. Misal :
I should have given some money.
= Seharusnya saya memberi dia uang (tetapi tidak saya lakukan).
Suatu keharusan yang tidak terpenuhi.

Contoh Soal :

1. Look at this street, it is very muddy, it ... have rained heavily last night.
a. Will
b. Would
c. Could
d. Must

Jawaban : D

Key word : muddy; last night

Pembahasan : Pada kalimat terdapat kata muddy (berlumpur) dan frasa rained heavily last night
(hujan deras tadi malam) yang merupakan dugaan penyebab berlumpurnya jalan itu. Jadi rained
heavily last night menjadi kepastian (must).

2. The child ate up all the meal we had served. He ... very hungry.
a. Will have been
b. Could have been
c. Must have been
d. Would have been

Jawaban : C

Key word : ate up all; very hungry

 Pembahasan : Pada kalimat dikatakan si anak memakan semua masakan yang dihidangkan.
Karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa anak itu pasti (must) sangat kelaparan.

3. Alfred visited some countries in Asia, Europe and America. He bought luxurious things for his
wife and children. He ... a lot of money.
a. Could have
b. Would have
c. Ought have
d. Must have had

Jawaban : D

Key word : bought luxurious things

Pembahasan : Frasa bought luxurius things (membeli barang-barang mahal) sudah pasti (must)
dikaitkan dengan mempunyai banyak uang (a lot of money).

4. Berta : “Can I have your report soon?”

Jono : “Sure, I ... it before you go to the meeting.”
a. Will finished
b. Will have finished
c. Am going to finish
d. Am finishing

Jawaban : B

Key word : before you go

Pembahasan : Frasa before you go to the office (sebelum kau pergi ke kantor) menunjukkan
prediksi atas aktivitas yang terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Namun penggunaan before juga
menunjukkan suasana future perfect (telah selesai dilakukan di masa yang akan datang).

5. Dina : “Roni, that is the most popular book nowadays.”

Roni : “Oh yes. It must have been written by a distinguished professor.”
From the dialogue we know that indeed a distinguished professor .. that book.
a. Wrote
b. Would write
c. Should write
d. Planned to write

Jawaban : A

Key word : It must have been written

Pembahasan : Frasa pada kata kunci menunjukkan bahwa proses penulisan buku ini telah
selesai. Satu-satunya pilihan jawaban yang menunjukkan proses itu telah selesai adalah wrote
(dalam bentuk lampau).

6. Mom and Dad just left for the airport twenty minutes ago, so they ... there yet.
 a. Can’t have gotten
b. Should’t have gotten
c. Had better have gotten
d. Could have gotten

Jawaban : B

Key word :just; so

Pembahasan : frasa just left berarti “baru saja pergi”. Kata sambung so menunjukkan
kesimpulan bahwa Ibu dan Ayah pastinya belum akan sampai di bandara (shouldn’t have
gotten).

7. Although research scientist had hoped that the new drug interferon ... to be a cure for cancer,
its applications now appear to be more limited.
a. Prove
b. Had proved
c. Would prove
d. Will prove

Jawaban : C

Key word : had hoped

Pembahasan : Karena pada anak kalimat terdapat harapan dalam bentuk past perfect (had
hoped), maka induk kalimatnya pasti berbentuk past future (would prove).

8. Henry will nor able to attend the meeting tonight because ...
a. He must to teach a class
b. He will be teaching a class
c. Of he will teach a class
d. He will have teaching a class

Jawaban : B

Key word : because

Pembahasan : Setelah kata sambung because kita membutuhkan klausa. Dari pilihan yang ada,
(A) tidak tepat karena must tidak diikuti to, (C) diawali dengan of, dan bentuk will have teaching
pada (D) tidak tepat. Satu-satunya yang berpola benar adalah he will be teaching a class.

9. The Theory of Continental Frift assumes that there ... long-term climatic changes in many areas
during the past.
a. Must have been
b. Must be
c. Must have
d. Must

Jawaban : A
 Key word : assumes; during the past

Pembahasan : Kata assume (menduga) mempunyai nuansa kepastian. Karena menyatukan

suatu kepastian yang terjadi di waktu lamau maka polanya adalah must have + V3.

10. The man standing over there asked me whether he ... the flowers from my garden.
a. Took
b. Might take
c. Ought to take
d. Would take

Jawaban : B

Key word : asked me; whether

Pembahasasn : kalimat tersebut menunjukkan permintaan izin dari laki-laki tersebut. Karena
kalimat ini berbentuk lampau, maka pilihan yang tepat adalah might take.

Kalimat conditional ada tiga tipe, yaitu :

Tipe I : Subject 1 + modal + V1 + complement + if + Subject 2 + Verb 1 + complement
 I will go if he gives me the money
 He can pass the exam if h studies hard.

Tipe I disebut juga future conditional sentence.

Tipe II : Subject 1 + past modal + V1 + complement + if + Subject 2 + Verb 2 + complement

 I would go if he gave me the money
 I don’t go because he doesn’t give me the money

Tipe II disebut present conditional sentence.

Tipe III : Subject 1 + past modal + have + V3 + complement + if + Subject 2 + had + Verb 3 +
complement
 I would have gone if he had given me the money.
 I didn’t go because he didn’t give me the money.

Tipe III disebut past conditional sentence.

Keterangan :

 Pada future conditional sentence, main clause-nya menggunakan will, can, must, may, to be
going to, have to, expect to ditambah kata kerja bentuk pertama (verb 1), sedangkan kata
kerja pada conditional clausenya dalam bentuk present tense.
 Pada present conditional sentence, main clausenya menggunakan would, could, might, was
going to, expect to ditambah kata kerja bentuk pertama (verb 1), sedangkan kata kerja pada
conditional clausenya dalam bentuk past present tense.
o If were rich, I would buy a new car.
 o Were I rich, I would but a new car.
o If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.
o Had I studied hard, I would have passed the exam.

Contoh pada kalimat negatif :

o I won’t pass the exam if I don’t study hard.

I won’t pass the exam unless I study hard.
Keterangan : unlss = if not

1. If the students ... late to submit the scholarship application to the board, they will not be listed
as candidates.
a. Be
b. Are
c. Were
d. Have

Jawaban: B

Keyword : will not be listed

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan kalimat conditional atau pengandaian tipe 1 karena ada
kata if dan will + V1. Jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah are karena tense-nya present.

2. If your brother ... here, he ... us with this works.

a. Is – would help
b. Was – will help
c. Were – will help
d. Were – would help

Jawaban : D

Keyword : If

Pembahasan : Pasangan yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut adalah pilihan D karena
sesuai dengan pola pengandaian tipe 2.

3. Aldo : Did you attend the meeting last Monday?

Fery : I would if I had been invited.
The underlined utterance means ...
a. Fery didn’t attend the meeting
b. Fery plants to attend the meeting
c. Fery knew abour the meeting and he attended the meeting
d. Fery was not invited to the meeting but he came

Jawaban : A

Keyword : I would if I had been invited

 Pembahasan : kalimat pada jawaban berarti “Saya mungkin akan datang jika diundang”. Jadi
Fery tidak datang pada pertemuan itu (Fery didn’t attend the meeting).

4. You ... the job if you were not late to the interview.
a. Would get
b. Would be gotten
c. Would have gotten
d. Would have been gotten

Jawaban : A

Keyword : were not late

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2. Polanya adalah If S + V1, S + would
+ V1.

5. We would get the tickets, ...

a. Weren’t there so much rush at the cinema
b. Because there were so much rush at the cinema
c. There were not so much rush at the cinema
d. Althoght there were so much rust at the cinema

Jawaban : D

Keyword : would get

Pembahasan : kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2. Polanya adalah If S + V2, S + would
+ V1.

6. Fortunately you assisted to push the car. If you hadn’t helped him, he ... with you.
a. Will get angry
b. Would have gotten angry
c. Should angry
d. Would get angry

Jawaban : B

Keyword : hadn’t helped

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 3. Polanya adalah If S + had + V3, S +
would + have + V3.

7. If
8. ...
9. If
10. If
11.