Republic of Ireland :

 The island is located in the northeast of the Atlantic Ocean , adjacent to the island
of Britain . It is separated from Britain by: the North Sea , the Irish Sea , St. George's
Canal and the Celtic Sea . Northern Ireland , part of the United Kingdom , is the other
small part of the island. Known in the Gaelic language "Air". It is also known as the
"Emerald Island" for the beauty of its green countryside.

History
 The history of Ireland has several characteristics, first of which was influenced by its
geographical location for the European continent, the second was its connection to
England, which tried to control it and its people resisted it; the third was the
devastating wars in Ireland; the fourth was the religious and political persecution;
Other countries. Ireland was subjected to several migrations in the period BC was
first in 6000 BC when it came from the people of Scotland and settled. And other
migrations to other populations in 3000 BC, as well as in 2000 BC and 400 BC.Each
of these immigrants left their mark on the history of ancient Ireland.

 Christianity began in the 6th century AD by St. Patrick in the middle of the 10th
century, after which the Normans took over most of the island.

 Ireland joined the United Kingdom in 1801 . At Easter in 1916 ,

the radicals launched a revolt against the British but failed and most of their leaders
were executed. Britain divided the island in 1921 into southern and northern parts,
and in 1922 declared the independence of Iran without the northern part, which led
to civil war until next year between the moderates and radicals .

 Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 , the European Union in 1993
and the European Union in 1999 , which introduced the
single currency later. In 1993, Britain and Ireland proclaimed the right of "all" Irish
people to decide their fate and call for the start of general peace talks. The Army
announced next year that it would cease its military operations unilaterally.

 In the midst of these events, the Irish President Robinson in 1996 the first visit by
an Irish president to Britain . The signing of the peace agreement between
Ireland, Northern Ireland and Britain in 1998 ended the civil war in northern
 Ireland and the formation of a government for the first time in Northern
Ireland in 1999 . Peace talks still exist today.

Geography
 The plains are multiplying in the center of the country, which is surrounded by
plateaus whenever the sea turns and is interspersed with a large number of lakes.

 The Shannon River, which runs from north to south, is the longest river in the country,
and Lake Lough Neagh is the largest lake. There are many nature reserves in Ireland,
and there are great geographical features such as the moher cliffs on the Atlantic
Ocean in Clare County .

 Ireland is located in the northwestern part of the European continent, north of the
Atlantic Ocean, separated from Britain by the Irish Sea.

Climate
 Ireland's climate is cool in the winter with temperatures reaching freezing
in many parts of the country, and moderate summer colds with almost
daily falls for rain that falls most of the year. Ireland's climate is heavily
influenced by the Western winds from the Atlantic Ocean, and the daily
weather in Ireland is one of the most volatile in the world, and it is
difficult at various times of the year to predict its condition .

Earth
 The territory of the Republic of Ireland occupies 3/4 of the territory of the
Irish island and is predominantly flat. Highlands are scattered in the eastern and
southern parts of Ireland, and the lands are divided in the central and western parts.

Population
 The people of Ireland belong to the Irish and call the Irishman, and they come from
Celtic origins. The origins of most of the population are calcite , while there are also
English origins. (The population of Ireland in the 2018 census was 4,857,000
million [5] .

Language
 The official languages are Irish (Gaelic) and English , the latter being the second
official language in the country.

Religion
 About 92% of Irish Christians follow the Catholic religion. The Catholic Church of
Ireland is known for its strength and commitment to certain matters.

Holidays and Public Holidays

 The official holidays are New Year's Day ( 1st of January ),
 St Patrick's Day ( 17 March ),
 Easter , First Two May , First Two June , First Two August , Last Two October , the
night and the glorious Christmas (25-26 December ).

Politics
Political system
 Ireland follows a democratic parliamentary system.
 A head of state elected every seven years directly by the people. Can extend his
mandate only twice.

 The president has an honorary presidency and does not have the power to decide on
many things, most importantly foreign policy.

 The prime minister is the prime minister of 15 ministers, usually the leader of the
strongest party that has won parliamentary elections.

 The Irish Parliament (Oireachtas) consists of two chambers: the senators (Seanad
Éireann) and the deputies (Dáil Éireann). The Senate consists of 60 members
nominated by the Prime Minister and various organizations.

 The House of Representatives consists of 166 deputies. The number of members

depends on the population of the country. Parliamentary elections are held every five
years. The most important political parties in Ireland are:
1. Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael (the country's largest party)
2. Sinn Féin (oldest party)
3. Vegetables
4. Laborers
5. Progressive Democrats

Foreign Policy
 The dispute over Northern Ireland dominated Ireland's foreign policy, especially
with Britain . By joining the European Community in 1973 and later most of the joint
European resolutions, it led to some departure from the British shadow.
Administrative Divisions
 Ireland is divided into four large districts, which in turn are divided into 32
districts. The four provinces are:
1. Connacht
2. Leinster
3. Monster
4. Ulster

Top cities
 Dublin is Ireland's capital and largest city, with a population of 499,156 in 2005 .
 Other important cities are Cork (119,418 inhabitants / 2005),
 Galway (74,782 inhabitants / 2005),
 Limerick (54,226 inhabitants / 2005),
 Waterford (46,634 inhabitants / 2005)

 Sourdes , 297 people / year 2005).

Economy
Agriculture

 The Irish market is small compared to its European counterparts but enjoys high
growth and stability. In 1995-2000 it reached 10%. Irish per capita income is the
 fourth highest in the world, reaching about $ 40,000 in 2005 . Agriculture, once the
most important sector of the economy, ranks second after industry, accounting for
38% of the country's total output, 80% of exports and 28% of the population.

Industries
 The software industry has made Ireland the world's largest source of software and
software services .

Metal
 The most important natural resources are lead , gypsum , limestone and zinc .
Army
 Involving the military, the naval service, the air force and the defense force. It is
small but well equipped, with approximately 10,000 personnel full-time military
personnel. More than 40,000 Irish soldiers are serving in UN peacekeeping missions.

Culture
 Ireland is famous for its Celtic culture, especially Irish music. Despite Ireland's small
population, Irish culture has spread in Europe and the world despite the great
influence of neighboring English culture.

 Thanks to many Irish celebrities such as Bernard Shaw,

Oscar Wilde and George Barkley.There are also a number of famous pop singers from
Ireland
such as The Corrs, U2 and Kultek Woman .

Education
 The educational system in Ireland is similar to other European systems. There are
primary, secondary and tertiary education. The country's top universities are Trinity
College , Dublin City University , Dublin Institute of Technology , National Universities
of Ireland , With branches across the ocean in Bahrain and Penang Malaysia.

 The economy of the Republic of Ireland depends in part on education. There are
many institutes, colleges and universities in different cities offering English courses
for foreigners, business administration, accounting, hotel, nursing, etc. Admission to
the various disciplines other than English depends on passing the IELTS test,
Educational institution.
Transportation
Public transport
Buses:
 Dublin has an excellent network of sophisticated buses that cater to all segments of
society, including the elderly and people with special needs.

Luas
 Dublin has a Luas line, which provides a timely delivery service that serves people in
remote and close areas of Dublin city center. We can say that it is like a subway but
it is smaller and above ground.

DART
 Of transport is also available in the Dublin capital of Iarnród Éireann (DART), which
runs from the Connolly station in Dublin, an electric train that provides transport
service from villages near and to Dublin. Dublin is supported by a convenient internal
transport network that can serve more than 100 million passengers in 2018.

Taxi
 Taxis are available in most cities and villages of the country, small and large, you can
call them at any time to determine your location and comes to you within 10
minutes, most of them equipped with a GPS.

Railways
 The country has a good network of roads and trains in the east, while its population
is less than in the west. The railway is run by the semi-governmental Irish railway
company Iarnród Éireann, which provides transportation to most of the country's
main cities and even takes you to Belfast, the capital of the UK's Northern Ireland
Province.

Flights
 There are three international airports in Dublin , Shannon and Cork . Shannon Airport,
on the Atlantic Ocean in western Ireland, is a major stopover for many international
airlines offering flights to the United States and Canada where it is refueled. There
are many domestic and regional airports as well, Air Lingus, There are also many low-
priced airlines such as Ryan Air, which has some small regional airports with major
 destinations for Britain and some European countries such as France, Germany and
Poland, such as Kerry Airport .

Ports
 The most important seaports are Rosler, Limerick, Dublin and Cork . There are ferries
sailing daily to Britain .
Media and communications
 There are four television stations in Ireland (RTE1, RTE2, TV3 and TG4) and three
national newspapers (The Irish Times, Irish Independent and Irish Examiner). The
wired network available is: eircom and wireless networks available for mobile phones
as follows:

 (TESCO) A new wireless network under construction and marketing Eircom In Ireland,
there are many Internet service providers such as Vodafone, O2, 3G, : ERCOM -UPC
(UPC)

Human Rights
 Human rights in the Republic of Ireland include several sections, including the
following.

 Social welfare and its work serves people who are unable to work and who did not
find suitable work and branch into several sections.

 Child Benefit: The child's work is focused on the child's clothing from the first day he
is born until he is able to depend on himself, ie, the age of puberty (age 18).

 The beginning of a new threshold, which specializes in solving the problems of the
lessee of the tenant. It solves the problems of the tenant with the lessor and provides
assistance services if the tenant harms the tenant.

 Public relations (PRTB) is a court and an institution dedicated to solving the

problems of the tenant in the event of a tight grip on the tenant. He is not entitled to
cut off gas, electricity or water while the water is in the Republic of Ireland for free
but in 2014 the Irish government decided to pay citizens Year amount of money
while it is rich and within its natural resources are rain water and frost etc.
 Freedom of the press. Everyone has the right to express his opinion without any
authoritarian pressure by the government.

 The health clinic (jb) is the work of the detection of patients and is located in each
area of the Irish capital Dublin and in all cities and provinces there is a health clinic
to detect patients with seasonal flu etc.

 Medical Card, a medical card whose function is to assist the patient in detecting him
at the doctor and at the health clinic above, in the hospital, work, study, etc.

 Finance and installation: financing and installment. You have the right to purchase
installments and if you have an Irish passport that facilitates many things,

 Database protection and its function to protect citizen data from theft.
 The Irish Central Bank (Irish Bank), which has many branches throughout the Irish
Republic and offers convenient and customer-friendly assistance, based in the center
of the Irish capital, the city center.