Logarithms Exam Questions PDF
Logarithms Exam Questions PDF
Logarithms Exam Questions PDF
Madas
LOGARITHMS
EXAM
QUESTIONS
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 1 (**)
Show clearly that
proof
Question 2 (**)
Simplify
Question 3 (**+)
Given that x = 2 p and y = 4q , show clearly that
log 2 ( x3 y ) = 3 p + 2q .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 4 (**+)
Simplify each of the following expressions, giving the final answer as an integer.
a) log 2 3 − log 2 24 .
1
b) log a a 2 − 4log a , a > 0 , a ≠ 1 .
a
−3 , 6
Question 5 (**+)
Given that y = log 2 x , write each of the following expressions in terms of y .
a) log 2 x 2
( )
b) log 2 8x 2
2y , 3+ 2y
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 6 (**+)
Given that y = 4 × 102 x express x in terms of y , giving an exact simplified answer in
terms of logarithms base 10.
2 4( )
x = 1 log10 1 y
Question 7 (**+)
An exponential curve has equation
y = ab x , x ∈ » ,
Make x the subject of the above equation, giving the final answer in terms of
logarithms base 10 .
log y − log a
x=
log b
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 8 (**+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
x = 5, x ≠ −5
Question 9 (**+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
C2H , x = 5, x ≠ −2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 10 (***)
An exponential curve C has equation
1
y= , x∈».
3x
C2B , 0.369
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 11 (***)
Given that
a) log a 100
b) log a 0.4
C2G , p + 2q , 1 p − q
2
Question 12 (***)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
C2L , t = 1
3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 13 (***)
Given that
a) log 2 45
b) log 2 0.3
MP1-N , 2 p + q , p − q − 1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 14 (***)
Solve each of the following equations, giving the final answers correct to three
significant figures, where appropriate.
a) 7 x = 10 .
9
b) log 2 y = .
log 2 y
C2J , x ≈ 1.18 , y = 1 , 8
8
Question 15 (***)
Solve the following logarithmic equation for x .
x = 10, x ≠ −1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 16 (***)
Solve the following logarithmic equation for x .
C2C , x = 6, 12
Question 17 (***)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 2 (2 z + 1) = 2 + log 2 z .
C2O , z = 1
2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 18 (***)
Solve the following logarithmic equation for y .
x = 8, 12
Question 19 (***)
It is given that x satisfies the logarithmic equation
log x ( 5 y + 1) = 4 + log x 3
k2 3x 4 − 1
x= , y=
4 5
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 20 (***)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 5 (125 x) = 4 .
x=5
Question 21 (***)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
x = 3, x = 1
5
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 22 (***)
Every £1 invested in a saving scheme gains interest at the rate of 5% per annum so
that the total value of this £1 investment after t years is £ y .
y = 1.05t , t ≥ 0 .
t ≈ 14.2
Question 23 (***)
Solve each of the following logarithmic equations.
a) log x 16 = log x 9 + 2 .
b) log y 27 = 3 + log y 8 .
x = 4, x ≠ −4 , y = 3
3 3 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 24 (***)
Solve each of the following equations, giving the final answers correct to three
significant figures, where appropriate.
a) 2 × 3x = 900 .
b) log 2 ( 7 y − 1) = 3 + log 2 ( y − 1) .
C2P , x ≈ 5.56 , y = 7
Question 25 (***+)
Simplify fully
1 + 2 log n 3 + log n 4 ,
log n (36n)
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 26 (***+)
Solve each of the following exponential equations, giving the final answers correct to
3 significant figures.
a) 52 x−1 = 4300 .
10
b) 2 y +1 = .
2y
Question 27 (***+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 2 ( w2 + 4 w + 3) = 4 + log 2 ( w2 + w) , w ≠ −1 .
w= 1
5
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 28 (***+)
Solve the following exponential equation
x
1 1
= ,
6 2
x = log 2 6 = 1 + log 2 3
Question 29 (***+)
Solve the following simultaneous logarithmic equations
( )
log 2 xy 2 = 0
( )
log 2 x 2 y = 3 .
C2U , x = 4, y = 1
2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 30 (***+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
2 log 3 t = 1 + log 3 7t .
t = 21, t ≠ 0
Question 31 (***+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 3 8 − 3log3 t = 3 .
C2E , t = 2
3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 32 (***+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 5 (4 − w) − 2log5 w = 1 .
C2A , w = 4 , w ≠ −1
5
Question 33 (***+)
Simplify fully the following logarithmic expression, showing clearly all the workings.
( ) ( ) (
log 10 + 3 10 + log 10 + 90 + 90 + log 10 − 90 + 90 . )
1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 34 (***+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
y = 4, y ≠ 2
3
Question 35 (***+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 2 (6 − x) = 3 − log 2 x .
x = 2, 4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 36 (***+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 4 x = log 3 9 .
x = 16
Question 37 (***+)
Solve each of the following equations.
1 x+ 2
a) 2 × 3 2 = 23.43 .
x ≈ 0.480 , y = 7
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 38 (***+)
The population P of a certain town in time t years is modelled by the equation
P = A × 10kt , t ≥ 0 ,
Question 39 (***+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
2 log 3 x − log 3 ( x − 2) = 2 .
C2F , x = 3, 6
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 40 (***+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
x = −3
Question 41 (***+)
Given that a ≠ 0 , b ≠ 0 , y ≠ 0 and
( )
2 + log a b + 3log a y = 2log a a 2 y ,
a2
y=
b
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 42 (***+)
x
2 log − 1 = log(10 x 2 y ) , x ≠ 0 , y ≠ 0 .
y
y= 1
3
100
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 44 (***+)
y = 3× 2x .
a) Describe the geometric transformation which maps the graph of the curve with
equation y = 2 x , onto the graph of the curve with equation y = 3 × 2 x .
The curve with equation y = 2− x intersects the curve with equation y = 3 × 2 x at the
point P .
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 45 (****)
y = 3x −1 , x ∈ » .
a) Sketch the graph of y = 3x −1 showing the coordinates of all intercepts with the
coordinate axes.
b) Find to 3 significant figures the x coordinate of the point where the curve
y = 3x −1 intersects with the straight line with equation y = 10 .
3.10 , 2.71
Question 46 (****)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
x=4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 47 (****)
In 1970 the average weekly pay of footballers in a certain club was £100 .
P = A × bt ,
where t is the number of years since 1970 , and A and b are positive constants.
In 1991 the average weekly pay of footballers in the same club had risen to £740 .
a) Find the value of A and show that b = 1.10 , correct to three significant figures.
b) Determine the year when the average weekly pay of footballers in this club
will first exceed £10000 .
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 48 (****)
Solve each of the following equations, giving the final answers correct to three
significant figures, where appropriate.
a) 63 x + 2 = 30 .
c) 82t − 8t − 6 = 0 .
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 49 (****)
Solve the following simultaneous equations, giving your answers as exact fractions
log 2 y = log 2 x + 4
8 y = 42 x +3 .
x = 3 , y = 24
22 11
Question 50 (****)
Show clearly that
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 51 (****)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
x = 4, x ≠ − 16
9
Question 52 (****)
Simplify
log 4 8 − log 27 3 ,
7
6
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 53 (****)
Solve each of the following equations.
x−4
a) 6 × 1
2( ) 3
= 1.89 .
C2D , x ≈ 9.00 , y = 4
5
Question 54 (****)
Simplify
1
log 1 8 + log 2 ,
2 8
−6
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 55 (****)
Given that a = log b 16 , express log b (8b) in terms of a .
1+ 3 a
4
Question 56 (****)
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 57 (****)
It is given that
Simplify each of the following logarithms, giving the final answers in terms of p , q
and positive integers, where appropriate.
i. log 6 ( 200 ) .
SYN-B , p + 3q , 4q − 1 p , p + 1 − q
2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 58 (****)
Solve the following exponential equation, giving the answer correct to 3 s.f.
22 x − 2 x − 6 = 0 .
x ≈ 1.58
Question 59 (****)
Two curves C1 and C2 are defined for all values of x and have respective equations
y1 = 8 x and y2 = 2 × 3x .
Show that the x coordinate of the point of intersection of the two curves is given by
1
.
3 − log 2 3
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 60 (****)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 2 x = log 4 2 .
x= 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 61 (****)
The functions f and g are defined as
( )
f ( x ) = 3 2− x − 1 , x ∈ » , x ≥ 0
g ( x ) = log 2 x , x ∈ » , x ≥ 1 .
6
SYN-B , ( 0, 2 ) , ( log 2 3, 0 ) , y = −1 , −1 < f ( x ) ≤ 2 , f ( g ( x ) ) = −1
x
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 62 (****)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 3 x = log9 27 .
x=3 3
Question 63 (****)
The points ( 2,10 ) and ( 6,100 ) lie on the curve with equation
y = ax n ,
a = 2.339 , n ≈ 2.096
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 64 (****)
Solve the following exponential equation, giving the answer correct to 3 s.f.
( )
4 y − 3 2 y − 10 = 0 .
C2N , y ≈ 2.32
Question 65 (****)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 3 x 2 − log 9 x = 3 .
x = 9, x ≠ 0
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 66 (****)
Show that x = 4 and y = 8 is the only solution pair of the following logarithmic
simultaneous equations
log 2 (3 x + 4) = 1 + log 2 y .
2 log 2 y = 3log 2 x .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 67 (****)
A population P of an endangered species of animals was introduced to a park.
125kat
P= , t ≥ 0,
k + 2a t
where k and a are positive constants, and t is the time in years since the species was
introduced to the park .
Initially 100 individual animals were introduced to the park, and this population
doubled after 5 years.
a) Show that k = 8 .
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 68 (****)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 3 x − log 9 2 x = 2 .
x = 162, x ≠ 0
Question 69 (****)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 4 x − log16 ( x − 4 ) = 1 .
C2I , x = 8
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 70 (****)
Solve the following simultaneous equations
log 2 x + 2 log 4 y = 4
x + y = 10
MP1-G , x = 2, y = 8 or x = 8, y = 2
Question 71 (****)
Two curves C1 and C2 are defined for all values of x and have respective equations
y1 = 7 x and y2 = 2 × 5 x .
Show that the x coordinate of the point of intersection of the two curves is given by
1
.
log 2 7 − log 2 5
SYN-G , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 72 (****)
Solve the following exponential equation, giving the answer correct to 3 s.f.
3t +1 = 6 + 32t −1
SYN-I , t = 1 or t ≈ 1.63
Question 73 (****)
Solve the following simultaneous logarithmic equations
log y x = 5
log 2 x = 2 + log 2 y .
C2K , x = 4 2, y = 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 74 (****)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
x = 4, 16
Question 75 (****)
Find, to the nearest integer, the solution of the following exponential equation
1 × 42 x = 500500 .
2
x ≈ 1121
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 76 (****)
Solve the following simultaneous logarithmic equations.
3log8 ( xy ) = 4log 2 x
log 2 y = 1 + log 2 x
SYN-C , x = 2, y = 8
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 77 (****)
y y = log 2 x
P
y = log 2 ( x − 4 )
Q
O
x
A B
x=k
The figure above shows the graphs of the curves with equations
The points A and B are the respective x intercepts of the two graphs.
The straight line with equation x = k , where k is a positive constant, meets the graph
of y = log 2 x at the point P and the graph of y = log 2 ( x − 4 ) at the point Q .
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 78 (****)
The radioactive decay of a phosphorus isotope is modelled by the equation
m = m0 × 2−0.2t , t ≥ 0
where m is the mass of phosphorus left, in grams, and t is the time in days since the
decay started. The initial mass of phosphorus is m0 .
b) Find the mass of the phosphorus left, when an initial mass of 20 grams is left
to decay for 10 days, according to this model.
m0
An initial mass, m0 grams, of this type of phosphorus decays to grams in T days.
64
After N days have elapsed, less than 1% of this type of phosphorus remains from its
initial mass m0 .
C2X , m = 5 , T = 30 , N = 34
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 79 (****)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 4 x − 2log x 4 = 1 .
C2Z , x = 1 , 16
4
Question 80 (****)
Solve the following simultaneous logarithmic equations.
log 2 ( y − 1) = 1 + log 2 x
2 log 3 y = 2 + log3 x .
MP1-A , x = 1, y = 3 or x = 1 , y = 3
4 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 81 (****)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
C2V , x = 4, 1
4
Question 82 (****)
Two curves C1 and C2 are defined for all values of x and have respective equations
y1 = 9 x and y2 = 6 × 5 x .
Show that the x coordinate of the point of intersection of the two curves is given by :
1 + log 3 2
2 − log 3 5
MP1-K , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 83 (****+)
Solve each of the following equations.
a) 1 × 43 x +1 = 600600 .
2
b) log3 ( 2 y + 5) = 1 − log3 y .
MP1-I , x = 922.7152024... , y = 1
2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 84 (****+)
x
y= 1
2( ) .
a) Describe the geometric transformation which maps the graph of the curve with
x
equation y = 2 x , onto the graph of the curve with equation y = 1 .
2 ( )
b) Sketch the graph of y = 3 × 2 x .
x
The curve with equation y = 1
2 ( ) intersects the curve with equation y = 3 × 2 x at the
point P .
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 85 (****+)
Solve each of the following logarithmic equations, giving the answers in exact
simplified form where appropriate.
1
a) log 2 (256 x 2 ) = 1 + 2log 2 x 4 .
2
y
b) 2 log 2 + log 2 y = 8 .
2
SYN-E , x = ± 8 , y = 16
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 86 (****+)
Solve the following simultaneous logarithmic equations.
( )
log 2 x 2 y = 2
11 + 1 log 2 y = 3log 2 x .
2
MP1-R , x = 8, y = 1
16
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 87 (****+)
Solve each of the following equations, giving the final answers correct to three
significant figures, where appropriate.
a) 4 × 3x + 2 = 3 × 4 x .
( ) (
b) log a 1 + x = 1 log a 9 + 16 x .
2 )
MP1-E , x ≈ 8.64 , y = 16
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 88 (****+)
Solve the following exponential equation.
4 x+1 × 31−2 x = 24 .
SYN-K , x ≈ −0.855
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 89 (****+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation.
MP1-P , x = 4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 90 (****+)
The following three numbers
log10 2 , ( )
log10 2 x − 1 , ( )
log10 2 x + 3 ,
SP-G , x = log 2 5
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 91 (****+)
f ( x ) = 24 x
5
Show that the solution of the equation f ( x − 1) = is given by
8
1
x=
4log10 2
SYN-S , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 92 (****+)
2 log 2 x − log 2 y = 1
( )
log 2 4 x y = 1 .
Solve the above simultaneous logarithmic equations, giving the final answers as exact
powers of 2.
− 14 − 32
MP1-X , x = 2 , y=2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 93 (****+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
SYN-T , x = 1, x = 10
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 94 (****+)
It is given that
3 3
r =1
log a x r
=
r =1
( log a x )r ,
−1± 21
x=a 2 .
SP-D , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 95 (****+)
SYN-V , x = 4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 96 (****+)
Solve the following simultaneous logarithmic equations
y log x = 100
xy
log = 1,
10
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 97 (****+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation, over the largest real domain
log 2− x 2 x 2 − 1 = 2 , x ∈ » .
SP-J , x = −5
Question 98 (****+)
Solve the following simultaneous equations
a 2 x × b3 y = c 5
a3 x × b2 y = c10
Give the answers in exact form in terms of log a , log b and log c .
4 log c log c
SPX-M , x = , y=−
log a log b
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 99 (****+)
Solve the following logarithmic equation
log 4 x 2 2
2
+ ( log 4 x ) = 0 .
5 + log 4 x
MP1-U , x = 1, 1 , 1
2 16
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
x −1
( a4 − 2a2b2 + b4 ) = ( a − b)
2x
( a + b )−2
log ( b − a )
SPX-Q , x =
log ( b + a )
2 − log 4 x7 2
2
+ ( log 4 x ) = 0
7 − log 4 x
C2S , x = 2, x = 4, x = 16
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
8
8! < 9 9!
SP-T , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
9log 24 2 + log 24 27 .
5 × 2t −1 = 2 × t 2t (10k )t = k
SPX-K , 3 , k = 1.25
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
The future value of this stamp, £V , t years after the 1st January 2000 is modelled by
the equation
V = Apt , t ≥ 0 ,
On the 1st January 1990 a different stamp was purchased for £2.
The future value of this stamp, £U , t years after the 1st January 1990 is modelled by
the equation
U = Bqt , t ≥ 0 ,
Given further that q = p 2 , determine the year when the two stamps will achieve the
same value according to their modelling equations.
SP-V , 2012
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
n n
r =1
r
log a x =
(
r =1
r
log a x ) ,
can be written as
n
2 ( log a x ) − n ( n + 1) log a x + ( n − 1)( n + 2 ) = 0 .
SP-X , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
log x + 10log y = 7 ,
x y = 1012 .
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
3 + 8log 1 8 + 4 3 − 8 − 4 3 = 0 , k > 0 , k ≠ 1.
k
SP-F , k = 16
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
( )
2 2
( )
log 4 x 1 + log x 8 + log 1 x 1 = 1 , x > 0 , x ≠ 1 .
2 4
1
SPX-F , x = 16, x = 2 2
(7± 73 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
∞ ∞ 1 1
2
r =0
r
[ log 2 a ] =
k =1
(1 + b ) −k
and
k =1
(1 + b ) −k
−
r =0
[ log 2 a ]r =
7
5
.
You may leave the answers as indices in their simplest form, where appropriate.
13
SP-W , [ a, b] = 3 , 1 = − 4 , 2 5
2 4 5
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
3log x + 3 × x log 3 = 36 .
SP-Y , x = 100
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
p = log 6 k ,
SPX-J , k = 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
f ( x ) ≡ 4 x +1 × 31−2 x , x ∈ » .
log10 2
Determine the value of f ( a ) , where a = .
log10 4 − log10 9
SP-I , f ( a ) = 24
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
log x2 + 2 2 x 4 − 2 x3 + 7 x 2 − 2 x + 5 = 2 , x ∈ » .
SP-L , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Show that
x4 − x2 − 1 = 0 .
SP-H , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
1
log sin x cos x ( sin x ) × log sin x cos x ( cos x ) = .
4
x = 1 π ( 8n − 7 ) , n ∈ » .
4
C2T , proof
Created by T. Madas