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    Small DC Motor Control by PWM Method Using Atmega8

    Uploaded by

    Emin Kültürel
    This document discusses controlling a DC motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) with an ATmega8 microcontroller and MOSFET H-bridge circuit. The PWM signals from two timer channels are used to control the H-bridge MOSFETs to regulate motor speed and switch rotation direction. Buttons allow increasing or decreasing the PWM duty cycle to control motor speed, while another button switches the active timer channel to change rotation direction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Small DC Motor Control by PWM Method Using Atmega8

    Uploaded by

    Emin Kültürel
    241 views4 pages
    This document discusses controlling a DC motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) with an ATmega8 microcontroller and MOSFET H-bridge circuit. The PWM signals from two timer channels are used to control the H-bridge MOSFETs to regulate motor speed and switch rotation direction. Buttons allow increasing or decreasing the PWM duty cycle to control motor speed, while another button switches the active timer channel to change rotation direction.

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    Small Dc Motor Control by PWM Method Using Atmega8

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    Small Dc Motor Control by PWM Method Using Atmega8

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    This document discusses controlling a DC motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) with an ATmega8 microcontroller and MOSFET H-bridge circuit. The PWM signals from two timer channels are used to control the H-bridge MOSFETs to regulate motor speed and switch rotation direction. Buttons allow increasing or decreasing the PWM duty cycle to control motor speed, while another button switches the active timer channel to change rotation direction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    241 views4 pages

    Small DC Motor Control by PWM Method Using Atmega8

    Uploaded by

    Emin Kültürel
    This document discusses controlling a DC motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) with an ATmega8 microcontroller and MOSFET H-bridge circuit. The PWM signals from two timer channels are used to control the H-bridge MOSFETs to regulate motor speed and switch rotation direction. Buttons allow increasing or decreasing the PWM duty cycle to control motor speed, while another button switches the active timer channel to change rotation direction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Small Dc Motor Control by PWM Method Using MOSFET H-Bridge with

    Atmega8 Microcontroller
    BY CC Dharmani, ​www.dharmanitech.com

    Hi Friends,

    Here I’m discussing DC motor control using the PWM counters of AVR ATmega8
    microcontroller. I had used a DC motor from an old personal stereo cassette player. The circuit
    provides speed and direction control of the motor. The PWM waveforms are used for driving the
    MOSFET H-bridge as shown in the schematic:

    At a time only one of the two PWM channel is active, driving only two MOSFETS (either
    Q1-Q4 or Q3-Q2). Other two MOSFETs remain OFF. Whenever the Direction Control switch is
    toggled, the PWM channel is also changed, driving the alternative pair of MOSFET, which
    changes the direction of current flow through motor, resulting in the direction change in rotation
    of motor shaft.
    Code​:
    //********************************************************
    // *********** PWM DC MOTOR CONTROL *************
    //********************************************************
    //Controller : ATmega8 (1MHz internal Crystal)
    //Compiler : ICCAVR
    //Author : CC Dharmani, Chennai(India)
    //Date : Nov 2008
    //********************************************************

    #include <iom8v.h>
    #include <macros.h>

    #define increaseButton_PRESSED !(PIND & 0x40)


    #define increaseButton_OPEN (PIND & 0x40)
    #define decreaseButton_PRESSED !(PIND & 0x80)
    #define decreaseButton_OPEN (PIND & 0x80)
    #define DIRECTION_FORWARD !(PIND & 0x20)
    #define DIRECTION_REVERSE (PIND & 0x20)
    #define STOP_MOTOR TCCR1B = 0x00; TCCR1A = 0x00
    #define START_MOTOR TCCR1B = 0x09
    #define set_FORWARD TCCR1A = 0x81
    #define set_REVERSE TCCR1A = 0x21

    //defining macros for setting minimum and maximum PWM counter values
    //and step-size for controlling the voltage applied to MOSFETs base
    #define COUNTER_LOWER_LIMIT 0x0090
    #define COUNTER_UPPER_LIMIT 0x00f8
    #define STEP_SIZE 0x0008

    void​ port_init(​void​)
    {
    PORTB = 0x00;
    DDRB = 0x06; ​//PWM pins OC1A & OC1B defined as outputs
    PORTC = 0x00;
    DDRC = 0x00;
    PORTD = 0xE0; ​//internal pull-up enabled for three pins connected to switches
    DDRD = 0x00;
    }

    //TIMER1 initialize - prescale:1


    //PWM Frequency: 1KHz
    void​ timer1_init(​void​)
    {
    TCCR1B = 0x00; ​//stop
    TCNT1H = 0xFC; ​//setup
    TCNT1L = 0x18;
    OCR1A = COUNTER_LOWER_LIMIT;
    OCR1B = COUNTER_LOWER_LIMIT;
    ICR1H = 0x03;
    ICR1L = 0xE8;
    ​ /set forward; OC1A connected, OC1B disconnected
    TCCR1A = 0x81; /
    TCCR1B = 0x09; /​ /start Timer
    }

    //call this routine to initialize all peripherals


    void​ init_devices(​void​)
    {
    //stop errant interrupts until set up
    CLI(); ​//disable all interrupts
    port_init();
    timer1_init();

    MCUCR = 0x00;
    GICR = 0x00;
    TIMSK = 0x00; ​//timer interrupt sources
    SEI(); ​//re-enable interrupts
    //all peripherals are now initialized
    }

    //***** FUNCTION FOR SOFTWARE DELAY OF 1 mSEC (appx.) *******

    void​ delay_ms(​int​ miliSec) ​//for 1 Mhz crystal


    {
    int​ i,j;

    for​(i=0;i<miliSec;i++)
    for​(j=0;j<100;j++)
    {
    asm(​"nop");
    asm(​"nop");
    }
    }

    //************************ main ***************************

    void​ main(​void​)
    {
    unsigned​ ​int​ counter = COUNTER_LOWER_LIMIT;
    unsigned​ ​char​ dir = 0, dir1 = 0;

    init_devices();

    while​(1)
    {
    CHECK_PB:
    while​(increaseButton_OPEN && decreaseButton_OPEN)
    { ​//loop here until any push-button is pressed
    if​(DIRECTION_FORWARD) ​//check for Direction control switch status
    dir = 0;
    else
    dir = 1;
    if​(dir != dir1) ​//chenge direction if switch position has changed
    {
    STOP_MOTOR;
    delay_ms(500);
    if​(dir == 0)
    set_FORWARD;
    else
    set_REVERSE;
    START_MOTOR;
    dir1 = dir;
    }
    }

    if​(increaseButton_PRESSED) ​//Speed-increase push-button is pressed


    {
    delay_ms(20); ​//key debouncing delay after key-pressed
    if​(increaseButton_OPEN) ​goto​ CHECK_PB;
    while​(increaseButton_PRESSED); ​//wait here till the push-button is kept pressed
    delay_ms(20); ​//key debouncing delay after key released

    if​(counter >= COUNTER_UPPER_LIMIT) ​//if speed is already maximum, no action


    counter = COUNTER_UPPER_LIMIT;
    else
    counter += STEP_SIZE; ​//increase speed by a fixed step

    OCR1A = counter;
    OCR1B = counter;
    }
    else​ ​//speed-decrease push-button is pressed
    {
    delay_ms(20); /​/key debouncing delay after key-pressed
    if​(decreaseButton_OPEN) ​goto​ CHECK_PB;
    while​(decreaseButton_PRESSED); ​//wait here till the push-button is kept pressed
    delay_ms(20); ​//key debouncing delay after key released

    if​(counter <= COUNTER_LOWER_LIMIT) ​//if speed is already minimum, no action


    counter = COUNTER_LOWER_LIMIT;
    else
    counter -= STEP_SIZE; ​//reduce speed by a fixed step

    OCR1A = counter;
    OCR1B = counter;
    }

    }
    }
    //****************************** END ***************************************
    //********** CC Dharmani, ​www.dharmanitech.com​ ****************

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