Chapter 31

Faraday’s Law
Multiple Choice
1. A coil is wrapped with 300 turns of wire on the perimeter of a circular frame
(radius = 8.0 cm). Each turn has the same area, equal to that of the frame. A
uniform magnetic field is turned on perpendicular to the plane of the coil. This
field changes at a constant rate from 20 to 80 mT in a time of 20 ms. What is the
magnitude of the induced emf in the coil at the instant the magnetic field has a
magnitude of 50 mT?
a. 24 V
b. 18 V
c. 15 V
d. 10 V
e. 30 V

2. A flat coil of wire consisting of 20 turns, each with an area of 50 cm2, is

positioned perpendicularly to a uniform magnetic field that increases its
magnitude at a constant rate from 2.0 T to 6.0 T in 2.0 s. If the coil has a total
resistance of 0.40 Ω, what is the magnitude of the induced current?
a. 0.70 A
b. 0.60 A
c. 0.50 A
d. 0.80 A
e. 0.20 A

3. A 40-turn circular coil (radius = 4.0 cm, total resistance = 0.20 Ω) is placed in a
uniform magnetic field directed perpendicular to the plane of the coil. The
magnitude of the magnetic field varies with time as given by B = 50 sin(10 πt) mT
where t is measured in s. What is the magnitude of the induced current in the
coil at 0.10 s?
a. 50 mA
b. 1.6 A
c. 0.32 A
d. zero
e. 0.80 A

173
174 CHAPTER 31

4. A 400-turn circular coil (radius = 1.0 cm) is oriented with its plane perpendicular
to a uniform magnetic field which has a magnitude that varies sinusoidally with
a frequency of 90 Hz. If the maximum value of the induced emf in the coil is
observed to be 4.2 V, what is the maximum value of the magnitude of the
varying magnetic field?
a. 59 mT
b. 62 mT
c. 65 mT
d. 68 mT
e. 31 mT

5. A square loop (length along one side = 20 cm) rotates in a constant magnetic field
which has a magnitude of 2.0 T. At an instant when the angle between the field
and the normal to the plane of the loop is equal to 20° and increasing at the rate
of 10°/s, what is the magnitude of the induced emf in the loop?
a. 13 mV
b. 0.27 V
c. 4.8 mV
d. 14 mV
e. 2.2 mV

6. A loop of wire (resistance = 2.0 mΩ) is positioned as shown with respect to a long
wire which carries a current. If d = 1.0 cm, D = 6.0 cm, and L = 1.5 m, what
current is induced in the loop at an instant when the current in the wire is
increasing at a rate of 100 A/s?
I

a. 34 mA
b. 30 mA
c. 27 mA
d. 38 mA
e. 0.50 mA
 Faraday’s Law 175

7. A rectangular wire loop (length = 60 cm, width = 40 cm) lies completely within a
perpendicular and uniform magnetic field of magnitude of 0.5 T. If the length of
the loop starts increasing at a rate of 20 mm/s at time t = 0, while the width is
decreasing at the same rate, what is the magnitude of the induced emf at time
t = 4.0 s?
a. 6.8 mV
b. 5.2 mV
c. 3.6 mV
d. 8.4 mV
e. 10 mV

8. A coil is wrapped with 300 turns of wire on the perimeter of a square frame (side
length = 20 cm). Each turn has the same area as the frame, and the total resistance
of the coil is 1.5 Ω. A uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the
coil changes in magnitude at a constant rate from 0.50 T to 0.90 T in 2.0 s. What is
the magnitude of the induced emf in the coil while the field is changing?
a. 2.4 V
b. 1.6 V
c. 3.2 V
d. 4.0 V
e. 8.4 V

9. A planar loop consisting of four turns of wire, each of which encloses 200 cm2, is
oriented perpendicularly to a magnetic field that increases uniformly in
magnitude from 10 mT to 25 mT in a time of 5.0 ms. What is the resulting
induced current in the coil if the resistance of the coil is 5.0 Ω?
a. 60 mA
b. 12 mA
c. 0.24 mA
d. 48 mA
e. 6.0 mA

10. A 5-turn square loop (10 cm along a side, resistance = 4.0 Ω) is placed in a
magnetic field that makes an angle of 30° with the plane of the loop. The
magnitude of this field varies with time according to B = 0.50t2, where t is
measured in s and B in T. What is the induced current in the coil at t = 4.0 s?
a. 25 mA
b. 5.0 mA
c. 13 mA
d. 43 mA
e. 50 mA
176 CHAPTER 31

11. A square coil (length of side = 24 cm) of wire consisting of two turns is placed in
a uniform magnetic field that makes an angle of 60° with the plane of the coil. If
the magnitude of this field increases by 6.0 mT every 10 ms, what is the
magnitude of the emf induced in the coil?
a. 55 mV
b. 46 mV
c. 50 mV
d. 60 mV
e. 35 mV

12. A 50-turn circular coil (radius = 15 cm) with a total resistance of 4.0 Ω is placed in
a uniform magnetic field directed perpendicularly to the plane of the coil. The
magnitude of this field varies with time according to B = A sin (αt), where
A = 80 µT and α = 50π rad/s. What is the magnitude of the current induced in the
coil at t = 20 ms?
a. 11 mA
b. 18 mA
c. 14 mA
d. 22 mA
e. zero

13. A long straight wire is parallel to one edge and is in the plane of a single-turn
rectangular loop as shown. If the loop is changing width so that the distance x
changes at a constant rate of 4.0 cm/s, what is the magnitude of the emf induced
in the loop at an instant when x = 6.0 cm? Let a = 2.0 cm, b = 1.2 m, and I = 30 A.
I

a. 5.3 µV
b. 2.4 µV
c. 4.8 µV
d. 2.6 µV
e. 1.3 µV
 Faraday’s Law 177

14. A long solenoid (n = 1500 turns/m) has a cross-sectional area of 0.40 m2 and a
current given by I = (4.0 + 3.0t2) A, where t is in seconds. A flat circular coil
(N = 300 turns) with a cross-sectional area of 0.15 m2 is inside and coaxial with
the solenoid. What is the magnitude of the emf induced in the coil at t = 2.0 s?
a. 2.7 V
b. 1.0 V
c. 6.8 V
d. 0.68 V
e. 1.4 V

15. The coil shown in the figure has 2 turns, a cross-sectional area of 0.20 m2, and a
field (parallel to the axis of the coil) with a magnitude given by B = (4.0 + 3.0t2) T,
where t is in s. What is the potential difference, VA – VC, at t = 3.0 s?

A C

a. –7.2 V
b. +7.2 V
c. –4.8 V
d. +4.8 V
e. –12 V

16. A rectangular loop (area = 0.15 m2) turns in a uniform magnetic field with
B = 0.20 T. At an instant when the angle between the magnetic field and the
normal to the plane of the loop is (π/2) rad and increasing at the rate of 0.60
rad/s, what is the magnitude of the emf induced in the loop?
a. 24 mV
b. zero
c. 18 mV
d. 20 mV
e. 6.0 mV

17. A circular loop (area = 0.20 m2) turns in a uniform magnetic field with B = 0.13 T.
At an instant when the angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the
plane of the loop is (π) rads and is decreasing at the rate of 0.50 rad/s, what is the
magnitude of the emf induced in the loop?
a. zero
b. 13 mV
c. 26 mV
d. 20 mV
e. 18 mV
178 CHAPTER 31

18. A conducting rectangular loop of mass M, resistance R, and dimensions a × b is

allowed to fall from rest through a uniform magnetic field which is
perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The loop accelerates until it reaches a
terminal speed (before the upper end enters the magnetic field). If a = 2.0 m,
B = 6.0 T, R = 40 Ω, and M = 0.60 kg, what is the terminal speed?
a

x x x x x
x x x x x g
x x x x x
x x x x x

a. 1.6 m/s
b. 20 m/s
c. 2.2 m/s
d. 26 m/s
e. 5.3 m/s

19. A conducting rod (length = 80 cm) rotates at a constant angular rate of

15 revolutions per second about a pivot at one end. A uniform field (B = 60 mT)
is directed perpendicularly to the plane of rotation. What is the magnitude of the
emf induced between the ends of the rod?
a. 2.7 V
b. 2.1 V
c. 2.4 V
d. 1.8 V
e. 3.3 V

20. A metal blade spins at a constant rate of 5.0 revolutions per second about a pivot
through one end of the blade. This rotation occurs in a region where the
component of the earth’s magnetic field perpendicular to the blade is 30 µT. If the
blade is 60 cm in length, what is the magnitude of the potential difference
between its ends?
a. 0.24 mV
b. 0.20 mV
c. 0.17 mV
d. 0.27 mV
e. 0.34 mV
 Faraday’s Law 179

21. A 20-cm length of wire is held along an east-west direction and moved
horizontally to the north with a speed of 3.0 m/s in a region where the magnetic
field of the earth is 60 µT directed 30° below the horizontal. What is the
magnitude of the potential difference between the ends of the wire?
a. 36 µV
b. 18 µV
c. 31 µV
d. 24 µV
e. 21 µV

22. In the arrangement shown, a conducting bar of negligible resistance slides along
horizontal, parallel, frictionless conducting rails connected as shown to a 2.0-Ω
resistor. A uniform 1.5-T magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the
paper. If L = 60 cm, at what rate is thermal energy being generated in the resistor
at the instant the speed of the bar is equal to 4.2 m/s?

2.0 Ω v L

a. 8.6 W
b. 7.8 W
c. 7.1 W
d. 9.3 W
e. 1.8 W

23. A rod (length = 10 cm) moves on two horizontal frictionless conducting rails, as
shown. The magnetic field in the region is directed perpendicularly to the plane
of the rails and is uniform and constant. If a constant force of 0.60 N moves the
bar at a constant velocity of 2.0 m/s, what is the current through the 12-Ω load
resistor?

12 Ω v L

a. 0.32 A
b. 0.34 A
c. 0.37 A
d. 0.39 A
e. 0.43 A
180 CHAPTER 31

24. A metal blade (length = 80 cm) spins at a constant rate of 10 radians/s about a
pivot at one end. A uniform magnetic field of 2.0 mT is directed at an angle of 30°
with the plane of the rotation. What is the magnitude of the potential difference
between the two ends of the blade?
a. 5.5 mV
b. 6.4 mV
c. 3.2 mV
d. 11 mV
e. 13 mV

25. A conducting rod (length = 2.0 m) spins at a constant rate of 2.0 revolutions per
second about an axis that is perpendicular to the rod and through its center. A
uniform magnetic field (magnitude = 8.0 mT) is directed perpendicularly to the
plane of rotation. What is the magnitude of the potential difference between the
center of the rod and either of its ends?
a. 16 mV
b. 50 mV
c. 8.0 mV
d. 0.10 mV
e. 100 mV

26. A long straight wire is parallel to one edge and is in the plane of a single-turn
rectangular loop as shown. If the loop is moving in the plane shown so that the
distance x changes at a constant rate of 20 cm/s, what is the magnitude of the
emf induced in the loop at the instant x = 5.0 cm? Let I = 50 A, a = 50 cm,
b = 6.0 cm.
I

a. 11 µV
b. 22 µV
c. 27 µV
d. 16 µV
e. 34 µV
 Faraday’s Law 181

27. In a region of space where the magnetic field of the earth has a magnitude of
80 µT and is directed 30° below the horizontal, a 50-cm length of wire oriented
horizontally along an east-west direction is moved horizontally to the south with
a speed of 20 m/s. What is the magnitude of the induced potential difference
between the ends of this wire?
a. 0.45 mV
b. 0.35 mV
c. 0.30 mV
d. 0.40 mV
e. 0.69 mV

28. A small airplane with a wing span of 12 m flies horizontally and due north at a
speed of 60 m/s in a region where the magnetic field of the earth is 60 µT
directed 60° below the horizontal. What is the magnitude of the induced emf
between the ends of the wing?
a. 50 mV
b. 31 mV
c. 37 mV
d. 44 mV
e. 22 mV

29. A conducting bar moves as shown near a long wire carrying a constant 80-A
current. If a = 1.0 mm, b = 20 mm, and v = 5.0 m/s, what is the potential
difference, Va – Vb?

v
b

80 A

a. –0.24 mV
b. +0.24 mV
c. –0.19 mV
d. +0.19 mV
e. –0.76 mV
182 CHAPTER 31

30. A conducting bar moves as shown near a long wire carrying a constant 50-A
current. If a = 4.0 mm, L = 50 cm, and v = 12 m/s, what is the potential difference,
VA – VB?

A v B

L
a

50 A

a. +15 mV
b. –15 mV
c. +20 mV
d. –20 mV
e. +10 mV

31. A bar (L = 80 cm) moves on two frictionless rails, as shown, in a region where the
magnetic field is uniform (B = 0.30 T) and into the paper. If v = 50 cm/s and
R = 60 mΩ, what is the magnetic force on the moving bar?

R v L

a. 0.48 N to the right

b. 0.48 N to the left
c. 0.32 N to the left
d. 0.32 N to the right
e. None of the above

32. A conducting bar of length L rotates in a counterclockwise direction with a

constant angular speed of +2.0 rad/s about a pivot P at one end, as shown. A
uniform magnetic field (magnitude = 0.20 T) is directed into the paper. If
L = 0.40 m, what is the potential difference, VA – VB?
A B
P
L/2 L/2

a. +24 mV
b. –24 mV
c. +16 mV
d. –16 mV
e. +32 mV
 Faraday’s Law 183

33. A conducting bar of length L rotates with a constant angular speed of +2.0 rad/s
about a pivot P at one end, as shown. A uniform magnetic field (magnitude =
0.20 T) is directed into the paper. If L = 0.40 m, what is the potential difference,
VA – VP?
A
P
L/2 L/2

a. –12 mV
b. +8.0 mV
c. –8.0 mV
d. +12 mV
e. –16 mV

34. A long solenoid (radius = 3.0 cm, 2500 turns per meter) carries a current given by
I = 0.30 sin(200πt) A, where t is measured in s. When t = 5.0 ms, what is the
magnitude of the induced electric field at a point which is 2.0 cm from the axis of
the solenoid?
a. 7.3 × 10–3 V/m
b. 6.4 × 10–3 V/m
c. 6.9 × 10–3 V/m
d. 5.9 × 10–3 V/m
e. 8.9 × 10–3 V/m

35. A long solenoid (radius = 3.0 cm, 2500 turns per meter) carries a current given by
I = 0.30 sin(200 t) A, where t is measured in s. When t = 2.5 ms, what is the
magnitude of the induced electric field at a point which is 4.0 cm from the axis of
the solenoid?
a. 9.3 × 10–3 V/m
b. 8.0 × 10–3 V/m
c. 6.7 × 10–3 V/m
d. 5.3 × 10–3 V/m
e. 1.9 × 10–3 V/m

36. A long solenoid has a radius of 4.0 cm and has 800 turns/m. If the current in the
solenoid is increasing at the rate of 3.0 A/s, what is the magnitude of the induced
electric field at a point 2.2 cm from the axis of the solenoid?
a. 3.3 × 10–5 V/m
b. 3.6 × 10–5 V/m
c. 3.9 × 10–5 V/m
d. 4.2 × 10–5 V/m
e. 6.0 × 10–5 V/m
184 CHAPTER 31

37. An electric field of 4.0 µV/m is induced at a point 2.0 cm from the axis of a long
solenoid (radius = 3.0 cm, 800 turns/m). At what rate is the current in the
solenoid changing at this instant?
a. 0.50 A/s
b. 0.40 A/s
c. 0.60 A/s
d. 0.70 A/s
e. 0.27 A/s

38. A long solenoid has a radius of 2.0 cm and has 700 turns/m. If the current in the
solenoid is decreasing at the rate of 8.0 A/s, what is the magnitude of the
induced electric field at a point 2.5 cm from the axis of the solenoid?
a. 56 µV/m
b. 8.8 µV/m
c. 88 µV/m
d. 69 µV/m
e. 44 µV/m

39. An AC generator consists of 6 turns of wire. Each turn has an area of 0.040 m2.
The loop rotates in a uniform field (B = 0.20 T) at a constant frequency of 50 Hz.
What is the maximum induced emf?
a. 13 V
b. 2.4 V
c. 3.0 V
d. 15 V
e. 4.8 V

40. At what frequency should a 200-turn, flat coil of cross sectional area of 300 cm2
be rotated in a uniform 30-mT magnetic field to have a maximum value of the
induced emf equal to 8.0 V?
a. 7.5 Hz
b. 7.1 Hz
c. 8.0 Hz
d. 8.4 Hz
e. 16 Hz
 Faraday’s Law 185

41. The magnetic flux through a loop perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field will
change
a. if the loop is replaced by two loops, each of which has half of the area of the
original loop.
b. if the loop moves at constant velocity while remaining perpendicular to and
within the uniform magnetic field.
c. if the loop moves at constant velocity in a direction parallel to the axis of the
loop while remaining in the uniform magnetic field.
d. if the loop is rotated through 180 degrees about an axis through its center
and in the plane of the loop.
e. in none of the above cases.

42. A current may be induced in a coil by

a. moving one end of a bar magnet through the coil.
b. moving the coil toward one end of the bar magnet.
c. holding the coil near a second coil while the electric current in the second
coil is increasing.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.

43. Coil 1, connected to a 100 Ω resistor, sits inside coil 2. Coil 1 is connected to a
source of 60 cycle per second AC current. Which statement about coil 2 is
correct?
a. No current will be induced in coil 2.
b. DC current (current flow in only one direction) will be induced in coil 2.
c. AC current (current flow in alternating directions) will be induced in coil 2.
d. DC current will be induced in coil 2, but its direction will depend on the
initial direction of flow of current in coil 1.
e. Both AC and DC current will be induced in coil 2.

44. An induced emf is produced in

a. a closed loop of wire when it remains at rest in a nonuniform static
magnetic field.
b. a closed loop of wire when it remains at rest in a uniform static magnetic
field.
c. a closed loop of wire moving at constant velocity in a nonuniform static
magnetic field.
d. all of the above.
e. only b and c above.
186 CHAPTER 31

45. A bar magnet is dropped from above and falls through the loop of wire shown
below. The north pole of the bar magnet points downward towards the page as it
falls. Which statement is correct?

a. The current in the loop always flows in a clockwise direction.

b. The current in the loop always flows in a counterclockwise direction.
c. The current in the loop flows first in a clockwise, then in a counterclockwise
direction.
d. The current in the loop flows first in a counterclockwise, then in a clockwise
direction.
e. No current flows in the loop because both ends of the magnet move through
the loop.

46. The difference between a DC and an AC generator is that

a. the DC generator has one unbroken slip ring.
b. the AC generator has one unbroken slip ring.
c. the DC generator has one slip ring split in two halves.
d. the AC generator has one slip ring split in two halves.
e. The DC generator has two unbroken slip rings.

47. Alternating currents in power lines usually cannot produce significant electrical
currents in human brains because power lines
a. carry high current at high voltage.
b. carry low current at high voltage.
c. carry low current at low voltage.
d. carry high current at low voltage.
e. have high I2R (resistive) losses.
 Faraday’s Law 187

48. Human brain activity produces weak variable electric currents. The way these
are detected without surgery is by
a. measuring the force on a wire carrying a large electric current that is placed
near the brain.
b. measuring the force on a solenoid carrying a large electric current that is
placed near the brain.
c. measuring the magnetic fields they produce by means of small loops of wire
of very low resistance placed near the brain.
d. measuring the potential difference between the leaves of an electroscope
that is placed near the brain.
e. attaching the leads of an ohmmeter to a person’s ears.

49. The correct form of Ampere’s law for circuits with gaps in them is

a. ∫ B ⋅ ds = 0 .
b. ∫ B ⋅ ds = I
enclosed .

c. ∫ B ⋅ ds = µ I
0 enclosed .
dΦ E
d. ∫ B ⋅ ds = µ I
0 enclosed + µ 0ε 0
dt
.
dΦ E ε dΦ B
e. ∫ B ⋅ ds = µ I
0 enclosed + µ 0ε 0
dt
− 02
(µ 0 ) dt
.

50. A plane parallel plate capacitor has plates of 10 cm2 area that are 1.0 mm apart.
At an instant when charge is being accumulated on the plates at a rate of
12 nC/s, the displacement current between the plates is
a. 1.06 × 10 −16 A .
b. 1.2 × 10 −8 A .
c. 8.85 × 10 −9 A .
d. 1.00 A.
e. 1.36 A.

51. A metal rod of length L in a region of space where a constant magnetic field
points into the page rotates clockwise about an axis through its center at constant
angular velocity ω. While it rotates, the point(s) at highest potential is(are)

A B C D E

a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. A and E.
188 CHAPTER 31

52. A metal rod of length L in a region of space where a constant magnetic field
points into the page rotates clockwise about an axis through its center at constant
angular velocity ω. While it rotates, the point(s) at lowest potential is(are)

A B C D E

a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. A and E.

53. A metal rod of length L in a region of space where a constant magnetic field
points into the page rotates about an axis through its center at constant angular
velocity ω. The ends, A and E, make contact with a split ring that connects to an
external circuit. The current in the external circuit of resistance R has magnitude

A B C D E

a. 0.
1 dΦ B
b. .
R dt
2 dΦ B
c. .
R dt
2 dΦ B
d. .
R dt
2 2 dΦ B
e. .
R dt

54. Two bulbs are shown in a circuit that surrounds a region of increasing magnetic
field directed out of the page. When the switch is closed,

Switch Bulb 1 B Bulb 2

a. bulb 1 glows more brightly.

b. bulb 2 glows more brightly.
c. both bulbs continue to glow with the same brightness.
d. bulb 1 goes out.
e. bulb 2 goes out.
 Faraday’s Law 189

55. Two bulbs are shown in a circuit that surrounds a region of increasing magnetic
field directed out of the page. When the switch is closed,
Bulb 1 Bulb 2
Switch B

a. bulb 1 glows more brightly.

b. bulb 2 glows more brightly.
c. both bulbs glow equally brightly.
d. bulb 1 goes out.
e. bulb 2 goes out.

56. Two bulbs are shown in a circuit that surrounds a region of increasing magnetic
field directed out of the page. When the switch is open,
Bulb 1 Bulb 2
Switch B

a. bulb 1 is glowing; bulb 2 is dark.

b. bulb 2 is glowing; bulb 1 is dark.
c. both bulbs glow equally brightly.
d. both bulbs glow one half as brightly as they do with the switch closed.
e. both bulbs are dark.

Open-Ended Problems
57. A rectangular coil of 100 turns measures 40 cm by 20 cm. This coil is placed next
to an electromagnet which is switched on, increasing the magnetic field through
the coil from zero to 0.8 T in 50 ms. If the resistance of the coil is 2 ohms, what are
the induced voltage and current in the coil?

58. A 500-turn circular loop 15.0 cm in diameter is initially aligned so that its axis is
parallel to the Earth’s magnetic field. In 2.77 ms the coil is flipped so that its axis
is perpendicular to the Earth’s field. If a voltage of 0.166 V is induced in the coil,
what is the value of the Earth’s magnetic field?

59. A car with a radio antenna 1 m long travels at 80 km/h in a locality where the
Earth’s magnetic field is 5 × 10–5 T. What is the maximum possible emf induced
in the antenna as a result of moving through the Earth’s magnetic field?