Combined Easa FTL Regulations Ukcaa 2014 0218

UK Civil Aviation Authority EASA FTL Regulations – Combined Document
EASA FTL Regulations

Combined Document
 Implementing Rules
 Certification Specifications
 Acceptable Means of Compliance
 Guidance Material
This document is provided for ease of reference only.

The EU and EASA documents (linked to above) should be used as
the official documents.
18 February 2014 Version 1 Page 1 of 34

COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No. 83/2014
of 29 January 2014
amending Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 laying down technical requirements and

administrative procedures related to air operations pursuant to Regulation (EC)
No. 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 20 February 2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a
European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC, Regulation
(EC) No. 1592/2002 and Directive 2004/36/EC, and in particular Article 8(5) thereof,
Whereas:
(1) Commission Regulation (EU) No. 965/2012 lays down technical requirements and
administrative procedures related to air operations which replaced Annex III to
Council Regulation (EEC) No. 3922/91, excluding Subpart Q concerning flight and
duty time limitations and rest requirements.
(2) In accordance with Article 22(2) of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, implementing rules
related to flight and duty times and rest requirements should initially include all
substantive provisions of Subpart Q of Annex III to Regulation (EEC) No. 3922/91,
taking into account the latest scientific and technical evidence.
(3) This Regulation constitutes an implementing measure referred to in Articles 8(5) and
22(2) of Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008, therefore Subpart Q of Annex III to
Regulation (EEC) No. 3922/91 should be deleted in accordance with Article 69(3) of
Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008. However, Subpart Q of Annex III to Regulation (EEC)
No. 3922/91 should continue to apply until the transitional periods foreseen in this
Regulation have expired and for the types of operations for which no implementing
measures have been established.
(4) This Regulation is without prejudice to the limits and minimum standards already
established by Council Directive 2000/79/EC, in particular the provisions on working
time and days free of duty, which should always be respected for mobile staff in civil
aviation. The provisions of this Regulation and other provisions approved pursuant to
this Regulation are not intended to justify any reductions in existing levels of
protections for that mobile staff. The provisions of this Regulation do not preclude
and should be without prejudice to more protective national social legislation and
collective labour agreements concerning working conditions and health and safety at
work.
(5) Member States may derogate or deviate from this Regulation or the related
certification specifications respectively, by applying provisions of a level of safety
which is at least equivalent to the provisions of this Regulation, in order to better
address particular national considerations or operational practices. Any derogations
or deviations from this Regulation should be notified and treated in accordance with
Articles 14 and 22 of Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008, which ensure transparent and
non-discriminatory decisions based on objective criteria.

(6) The European Aviation Safety Agency (hereinafter ‘the Agency’) prepared draft
implementing rules and submitted them as an opinion to the Commission in
accordance with Article 19(1) of Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008.
(7) Regulation (EU) No. 965/2012 should therefore be amended to include flight and
duty time limitations and rest requirements.
(8) The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of
the Committee established by Article 65 of Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article 1
Regulation (EU) No. 965/2012 is amended as follows:
(1) in Article 2, point (6) is added;
(2) Article 8 is replaced (see Commission Regulation (EU) No. 83/2014 for details);
(3) Article 9a is inserted (see Commission Regulation (EU) No. 83/2014 for details);
(4) Annex II is amended in accordance with Annex I to Regulation (EU) No. 83/2014
(see Commission Regulation (EU) No. 83/2014 for details); and
(5) Annex III is amended in accordance with Annex II to Regulation (EU) No. 83/2014
(see ORO.FTL Articles in this document).
Article 2
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in
the Official Journal of the European Union.
It shall apply from 18 February 2016.
By way of derogation from the second paragraph, Member States may choose not to apply
the provisions of point ORO.FTL.205(e) of Annex III to Regulation (EU) No. 965/2012 and
continue to apply the existing national provisions concerning in-flight rest until
17 February 2017.
When a Member State applies the provisions of the third paragraph, it shall notify the
Commission and the Agency and it shall describe the reasons for the derogation, its duration
as well as the programme for implementation containing the envisaged actions and the
related timing.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels, 29 January 2014.
For the Commission
The President
José Manuel BARROSO

References in the rest of this document:
Reference Description
Article n Article to Commission Regulation (EU) No. 965/2012 (Air Operations
Regulation)
ORO.xxx Part-ORO
Organisation Requirements for Air Operations
(Annex III to Commission Regulation (EU) No. 965/2012)
ORO.FTL.xxx Subpart FTL (Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements)
ORO.FTL.1xx Section 1 (General)
ORO.FTL.2xx Section 2 (Commercial Air Transport Operators)
AMCn ORO.FTL.xxx Acceptable Means of Compliance to Part-ORO (Subpart FTL)
GMn ORO.FTL.xxx Guidance Material to Part-ORO (Subpart FTL)
CS FTL.1.xxx Certification Specifications

Commercial Air Transport by Aeroplane – Scheduled and Charter Operations
GMn CS FTL.1.xxx Guidance Material
Commercial Air Transport by Aeroplane – Scheduled and Charter Operations

General
The Scope
ORO.FTL.100 Scope
This subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an operator and its crew members
with regard to flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements for crew members.
Definitions
Article 2
(6) “air taxi operation” means, for the purpose of flight time and duty time limitations, a
non-scheduled on-demand commercial air transport operation with an aeroplane with
a maximum operational passenger seating configuration (“MOPSC”) of 19 or less.
ORO.FTL.105 Definitions
For the purpose of this subpart [Subpart FTL], the following definitions shall apply:
(1) “acclimatised” means a state in which a crew member’s circadian biological clock is
synchronised to the time zone where the crew member is. A crew member is
considered to be acclimatised to a 2-hour wide time zone surrounding the local time
at the point of departure. When the local time at the place where a duty commences
differs by more than 2 hours from the local time at the place where the next duty
starts, the crew member, for the calculation of the maximum daily flight duty period, is
considered to be acclimatised in accordance with the values in the Table 1.
Table 1
Time difference (h) Time elapsed since reporting at reference time

between reference
time and local time
where the crew
member starts the
next duty
< 48 48 – 71:59 72 – 95:59 96 – 119:59 ≥ 120
<4 B D D D D
≥ 4 and ≤ 6 B X D D D
> 6 and ≤ 9 B X X D D
> 9 and ≤ 12 B X X X D
“B” means acclimatised to the local time of the departure time zone,
“D” means acclimatised to the local time where the crew member starts his/her next
duty, and
“X” means that the crew member is in an unknown state of acclimatisation;
(2) “reference time” means the local time at the reporting point situated in a 2-hour wide
time zone band around the local time where a crew member is acclimatised;

(3) “accommodation” means, for the purpose of standby and split duty, a quiet and
comfortable place not open to the public with the ability to control light and
temperature, equipped with adequate furniture that provides a crew member with the
possibility to sleep, with enough capacity to accommodate all crew members present
at the same time and with access to food and drink;
(4) “suitable accommodation” means, for the purpose of standby, split duty, and rest, a
separate room for each crew member located in a quiet environment and equipped
with a bed, which is sufficiently ventilated, has a device for regulating temperature
and light intensity, and access to food and drink;
(5) “augmented flight crew” means a flight crew which comprises more than the
minimum number required to operate the aircraft, allowing each flight crew member
to leave the assigned post, for the purpose of in-flight rest, and to be replaced by
another appropriately qualified flight crew member;
(6) “break” means a period of time within a flight duty period, shorter than a rest period,
counting as duty and during which a crew member is free of all tasks;
(7) “delayed reporting” means the postponement of a scheduled FDP by the operator
before a crew member has left the place of rest;
(8) “disruptive schedule” means a crew member’s roster which disrupts the sleep
opportunity during the optimal sleep time window by comprising an FDP or a
combination of FDPs which encroach, start or finish during any portion of the day or
of the night where a crew member is acclimatised. A schedule may be disruptive due
to early starts, late finishes or night duties.
(a) “early type” of disruptive schedule means:
(i) for “early start” a duty period starting in the period between 05:00 and
05:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised; and
(ii) for “late finish” a duty period finishing in the period between 23:00 and
01:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised;
(b) “late type” of disruptive schedule means:
(i) for “early start” a duty period starting in the period between 05:00 and
06:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised; and
(ii) for “late finish” a duty period finishing in the period between 00:00 and
01:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised;
(9) “night duty” means a duty period encroaching any portion of the period between
02:00 and 04:59 in the time zone to which the crew is acclimatised;
(10) “duty” means any task that a crew member performs for the operator, including flight
duty, administrative work, giving or receiving training and checking, positioning, and
some elements of standby;
(11) “duty period” means a period which starts when a crew member is required by an
operator to report for or to commence a duty and ends when that person is free of all
duties, including post-flight duty;
(12) “flight duty period (FDP)” means a period that commences when a crew member is
required to report for duty, which includes a sector or a series of sectors, and finishes

when the aircraft finally comes to rest and the engines are shut down, at the end of
the last sector on which the crew member acts as an operating crew member;
(13) “flight time” means, for aeroplanes and touring motor gliders, the time between an
aircraft first moving from its parking place for the purpose of taking off until it comes
to rest on the designated parking position and all engines or propellers are shut
down;
(14) “home base” means the location, assigned by the operator to the crew member, from
where the crew member normally starts and ends a duty period or a series of duty
periods and where, under normal circumstances, the operator is not responsible for
the accommodation of the crew member concerned;
(15) “local day” means a 24-hour period commencing at 00:00 local time;
(16) “local night” means a period of 8 hours falling between 22:00 and 08:00 local time;
(17) “operating crew member” means a crew member carrying out duties in an aircraft
during a sector;
(18) “positioning” means the transferring of a non-operating crew member from one place
to another, at the behest of the operator, excluding:
- the time of travel from a private place of rest to the designated reporting place at
home base and vice versa, and
- the time for local transfer from a place of rest to the commencement of duty and
vice versa;
(19) “rest facility” means a bunk or seat with leg and foot support suitable for crew
members’ sleeping on board an aircraft;
(20) “reserve” means a period of time during which a crew member is required by the
operator to be available to receive an assignment for an FDP, positioning or other
duty notified at least 10 hours in advance;
(21) “rest period” means a continuous, uninterrupted and defined period of time, following
duty or prior to duty, during which a crew member is free of all duties, standby and
reserve;
(22) “rotation” is a duty or a series of duties, including at least one flight duty, and rest
periods out of home base, starting at home base and ending when returning to home
base for a rest period where the operator is no longer responsible for the
accommodation of the crew member;
(23) “single day free of duty” means, for the purpose of complying with the provisions of
Council Directive 2000/79/EC, a time free of all duties and standby consisting of one
day and two local nights, which is notified in advance. A rest period may be included
as part of the single day free of duty;
(24) “sector” means the segment of an FDP between an aircraft first moving for the
purpose of taking off until it comes to rest after landing on the designated parking
position;
(25) “standby” means a pre-notified and defined period of time during which a crew
member is required by the operator to be available to receive an assignment for a
flight, positioning or other duty without an intervening rest period;

(26) “airport standby” means a standby performed at the airport;
(27) “other standby” means a standby either at home or in a suitable accommodation;
(28) “window of circadian low (WOCL)” means the period between 02:00 and 05:59 hours
in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised.
GM1 ORO.FTL.105(1) Definitions
ACCLIMATISED
(a) A crew member remains acclimatised to the local time of his/her reference time
during 47 hours 59 minutes after reporting no matter how many time zones he/she
has crossed.
(b) The maximum daily FDP for acclimatised crew members is determined by using
table 1 of ORO.FTL.205(b)(1) with the reference time of the point of departure. As
soon as 48 hours have elapsed, the state of acclimatisation is derived from the time
elapsed since reporting at reference time and the number of time zones crossed.
ACCLIMATISED ‘POINT OF DEPARTURE’
The point of departure refers to the reporting point for a flight duty period or positioning duty
after a rest period.
ACCLIMATISED ‘TIME ELAPSED SINCE REPORTING AT REFERENCE TIME’
The time elapsed since reporting at reference time for operations applying
CS FTL.1.235(b)(3)(ii) at home base refers to the time elapsed since reporting for the first
time at home base for a rotation.
REFERENCE TIME
(a) Reference time refers to reporting points in a 2-hour wide time zone band around the
local time where a crew member is acclimatised.
(b) Example: A crew member is acclimatised to the local time in Helsinki and reports for
duty in London. The reference time is the local time in London.
ADEQUATE FURNITURE FOR ‘ACCOMMODATION’
Adequate furniture for crew member accommodation should include a seat that reclines at
least 45° back angle to the vertical, has a seat width of at least 20 inches (50 cm) and
provides leg and foot support.
DETERMINATION OF DISRUPTIVE SCHEDULES
If a crew member is acclimatised to the local time at his/her home base, the local time at the
home base should be used to consider an FDP as ‘disruptive schedule’. This applies to

operations within the 2-hour wide time zone surrounding the local time at the home base, if a
crew member is acclimatised to the local time at his/her home base.
ELEMENTS OF STANDBY FOR DUTY
ORO.FTL.225(c) and (d) and CS FTL.1.225(b)(2) determine which elements of standby

count as duty.
OPERATING CREW MEMBER
A person on board an aircraft is either a crew member or a passenger. If a crew member is

not a passenger on board an aircraft he/she should be considered as ‘carrying out duties’.
The crew member remains an operating crew member during in-flight rest. In-flight rest
counts in full as FDP, and for the purpose of ORO.FTL.210.
Responsibilities
ORO.FTL.110 Operator Responsibilities
An operator shall:
(a) publish duty rosters sufficiently in advance to provide the opportunity for crew
members to plan adequate rest;
(b) ensure that flight duty periods are planned in a way that enables crew members to
remain sufficiently free from fatigue so that they can operate to a satisfactory level of
safety under all circumstances;
(c) specify reporting times that allow sufficient time for ground duties;
(d) take into account the relationship between the frequency and pattern of flight duty
periods and rest periods and give consideration to the cumulative effects of
undertaking long duty hours combined with minimum rest periods;
(e) allocate duty patterns which avoid practices that cause a serious disruption of an
established sleep/work pattern, such as alternating day/night duties;
(f) comply with the provisions concerning disruptive schedules in accordance with
ARO.OPS.230;
(g) provide rest periods of sufficient time to enable crew members to overcome the
effects of the previous duties and to be rested by the start of the following flight duty
period;
(h) plan recurrent extended recovery rest periods and notify crew members sufficiently in
advance;
(i) plan flight duties in order to be completed within the allowable flight duty period
taking into account the time necessary for pre-flight duties, the sector and turnaround
times;
(j) change a schedule and/or crew arrangements if the actual operation exceeds the
maximum flight duty period on more than 33% of the flight duties in that schedule
during a scheduled seasonal period.

AMC1 ORO.FTL.110 Operator Responsibilities
SCHEDULING
(a) Scheduling has an important impact on a crew member’s ability to sleep and to
maintain a proper level of alertness. When developing a workable roster, the operator
should strike a fair balance between the commercial needs and the capacity of
individual crew members to work effectively. Rosters should be developed in such a
way that they distribute the amount of work evenly among those that are involved.
(b) Schedules should allow for flights to be completed within the maximum permitted
flight duty period and flight rosters should take into account the time needed for pre-
flight duties, taxiing, the flight- and turnaround times. Other factors to be considered
when planning duty periods should include:
(1) the allocation of work patterns which avoid undesirable practices such as
alternating day/night duties, alternating eastward-westward or westward-
eastward time zone transitions, positioning of crew members so that a serious
disruption of established sleep/work patterns occurs;
(2) scheduling sufficient rest periods especially after long flights crossing many time
zones; and
(3) preparation of duty rosters sufficiently in advance with planning of recurrent

extended recovery rest periods and notification of the crew members well in
advance to plan adequate pre-duty rest.
AMC1 ORO.FTL.110(j) Operator Responsibilities
PUBLICATION OF ROSTERS
Rosters should be published 14 days in advance.
AMC1 ORO.FTL.110(a) Operator Responsibilities
OPERATIONAL ROBUSTNESS OF ROSTERS
The operator should establish and monitor performance indicators for operational robustness
of rosters.
GM1 ORO.FTL.110(a) Operator Responsibilities
OPERATIONAL ROBUSTNESS OF ROSTERS
Performance indicators for operational robustness of rosters should support the operator in
the assessment of the stability of its rostering system. Performance indicators for operational
robustness of rosters should at least measure how often a rostered crew pairing for a duty
period is achieved within the planned duration of that duty period. Crew pairing means
rostered positioning and flights for crew members in one duty period.
ORO.FTL.115 Crew Member Responsibilities
Crew members shall:
(a) comply with point CAT.GEN.MPA.100(b) of Annex IV (Part-CAT); and
(b) make optimum use of the opportunities and facilities for rest provided and plan and
use their rest periods properly.

Fatigue Risk Management

ORO.FTL.120 Fatigue Risk Management (FRM)
(a) When FRM is required by this Subpart or an applicable certification specification, the
operator shall establish, implement and maintain a FRM as an integral part of its
management system. The FRM shall ensure compliance with the essential
requirements in points 7.f, 7.g and 8.f of Annex IV to Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008.
The FRM shall be described in the operations manual.
(b) The FRM established, implemented and maintained shall provide for continuous
improvement to the overall performance of the FRM and shall include:
(1) a description of the philosophy and principles of the operator with regard to
FRM, referred to as the FRM policy;
(2) documentation of the FRM processes, including a process for making personnel
aware of their responsibilities and the procedure for amending this
documentation;
(3) scientific principles and knowledge;
(4) a hazard identification and risk assessment process that allows managing the
operational risk(s) of the operator arising from crew member fatigue on a
continuous basis;
(5) a risk mitigation process that provides for remedial actions to be implemented
promptly, which are necessary to effectively mitigate the operator’s risk(s)
arising from crew member fatigue and for continuous monitoring and regular
assessment of the mitigation of fatigue risks achieved by such actions;
(6) FRM safety assurance processes;
(7) FRM promotion processes.
(c) The FRM shall correspond to the flight time specification scheme, the size of the
operator and the nature and complexity of its activities, taking into account the
hazards and associated risks inherent in those activities and the applicable flight time
specification scheme.
(d) The operator shall take mitigating actions when the FRM safety assurance process
shows that the required safety performance is not maintained.
AMC1 ORO.FTL.120(b)(1) Fatigue Risk Management (FRM)
COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT OPERATORS’ FRM POLICY
(a) The operator’s FRM policy should identify all the elements of FRM.
(b) The FRM policy should define to which operations FRM applies.
(c) The FRM policy should:
(1) reflect the shared responsibility of management, flight and cabin crew , and
other involved personnel;
(2) state the safety objectives of FRM;
(3) be signed by the accountable manager;

(4) be communicated, with visible endorsement, to all the relevant areas and levels
of the organisation;
(5) declare management commitment to effective safety reporting;
(6) declare management commitment to the provision of adequate resources for

FRM;
(7) declare management commitment to continuous improvement of FRM;
(8) require that clear lines of accountability for management, flight and cabin crew ,
and all other involved personnel are identified; and
(9) require periodic reviews to ensure it remains relevant and appropriate.
COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT OPERATORS’ FRM DOCUMENTATION
The operator should develop and keep current FRM documentation that describes and
records:
(a) FRM policy and objectives;
(b) FRM processes and procedures;
(c) accountabilities, responsibilities and authorities for these processes and procedures;
(d) mechanisms for on-going involvement of management, flight and cabin crew
members, and all other involved personnel;
(e) FRM training programmes, training requirements and attendance records;
(f) scheduled and actual flight times, duty periods and rest periods with deviations and
reasons for deviations; and
(g) FRM outputs including findings from collected data, recommendations, and actions
taken.
COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT OPERATORS’ IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS
The operator should develop and maintain three documented processes for fatigue hazard
identification:
(a) Predictive
The predictive process should identify fatigue hazards by examining crew scheduling
and taking into account factors known to affect sleep and fatigue and their effects on
performance. Methods of examination may include, but are not limited to:
(1) operator or industry operational experience and data collected on similar types
of operations;
(2) evidence-based scheduling practices; and
(3) bio-mathematical models.

(b) Proactive
The proactive process should identify fatigue hazards within current flight operations.
Methods of examination may include, but are not limited to:
(1) self-reporting of fatigue risks;
(2) crew fatigue surveys;
(3) relevant flight and cabin crew performance data;
(4) available safety databases and scientific studies; and
(5) analysis of planned versus actual time worked.
(c) Reactive
The reactive process should identify the contribution of fatigue hazards to reports and
events associated with potential negative safety consequences in order to determine
how the impact of fatigue could have been minimized. At a minimum, the process
may be triggered by any of the following:
(1) fatigue reports;
(2) confidential reports;
(3) audit reports;
(4) incidents; or
(5) flight data monitoring (FDM) events.
COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT OPERATORS’ RISK ASSESSMENT
An operator should develop and implement risk assessment procedures that determine the
probability and potential severity of fatigue-related events and identify when the associated
risks require mitigation. The risk assessment procedures should review identified hazards
and link them to:
(a) operational processes;
(b) their probability;
(c) possible consequences; and
(d) the effectiveness of existing safety barriers and controls.
COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT OPERATORS’ RISK MITIGATION
An operator should develop and implement risk mitigation procedures that:
(a) select the appropriate mitigation strategies;
(b) implement the mitigation strategies; and
(c) monitor the strategies’ implementation and effectiveness.

COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT OPERATORS’ FRM SAFETY ASSURANCE PROCESSES
The operator should develop and maintain FRM safety assurance processes to:
(a) provide for continuous FRM performance monitoring, analysis of trends, and
measurement to validate the effectiveness of the fatigue safety risk controls. The
sources of data may include, but are not limited to:
(1) hazard reporting and investigations;
(2) audits and surveys; and
(3) reviews and fatigue studies;
(b) provide a formal process for the management of change which should include, but is
not limited to:
(1) identification of changes in the operational environment that may affect FRM;
(2) identification of changes within the organisation that may affect FRM; and
(3) consideration of available tools which could be used to maintain or improve

FRM performance prior to implementing changes; and
(c) provide for the continuous improvement of FRM. This should include, but is not
limited to:
(1) the elimination and/or modification of risk controls have had unintended
consequences or that are no longer needed due to changes in the operational
or organisational environment;
(2) routine evaluations of facilities, equipment, documentation and procedures; and
(3) the determination of the need to introduce new processes and procedures to
mitigate emerging fatigue-related risks.
COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT OPERATORS’ FRM PROMOTION PROCESS
FRM promotion processes should support the on-going development of FRM, the continuous
improvement of its overall performance, and attainment of optimum safety levels.
The following should be established and implemented by the operator as part of its FRM:
(a) training programmes to ensure competency commensurate with the roles and
responsibilities of management, flight and cabin crew , and all other involved
personnel under the planned FRM; and
(b) an effective FRM communication plan that:
(1) explains FRM policies, procedures and responsibilities to all relevant

stakeholders; and
(2) describes communication channels used to gather and disseminate FRM-

related information.

FTL Schemes
ORO.FTL.125 Flight Time Specification Schemes
(a) Operators shall establish, implement and maintain flight time specification schemes
that are appropriate for the type(s) of operation performed and that comply with
Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008, this Subpart and other applicable legislation,
including Directive 2000/79/EC.
(b) Before being implemented, flight time specification schemes, including any related
FRM where required, shall be approved by the competent authority.
(c) To demonstrate compliance with Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008 and this Subpart, the
operator shall apply the applicable certification specifications adopted by the Agency.
Alternatively, if the operator wants to deviate from those certification specifications in
accordance with Article 22(2) of Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008, it shall provide the
competent authority with a full description of the intended deviation prior to
implementing it. The description shall include any revisions to manuals or procedures
that may be relevant, as well as an assessment demonstrating that the requirements
of Regulation (EC) No. 216/2008 and of this Subpart are met.
(d) For the purpose of point ARO.OPS.235(d), within 2 years of the implementation of a
deviation or derogation, the operator shall collect data concerning the granted
deviation or derogation and analyse that data using scientific principles with a view to
assessing the effects of the deviation or derogation on aircrew fatigue. Such analysis
shall be provided in the form of a report to the competent authority.

Commercial Air Transport Operators
Applicability
CS FTL.1.100 Applicability
These Certification Specifications are applicable to commercial air transport by aeroplanes

for scheduled and charter operations, excluding emergency medical service (EMS), air taxi
and single pilot operations.
Flight Duty Periods

ORO.FTL.200 Home Base
An operator shall assign a home base to each crew member.
CS FTL.1.200 Home Base
(a) The home base is a single airport location assigned with a high degree of
permanence.
(b) In the case of a change of home base, the first recurrent extended recovery rest
period prior to starting duty at the new home base is increased to 72 hours, including
3 local nights. Travelling time between the former home base and the new home
base is positioning.
GM1 CS FTL.1.200 Home Base
TRAVELLING TIME
Crew members should consider making arrangements for temporary accommodation closer
to their home base if the travelling time from their residence to their home base usually
exceeds 90 minutes.
ORO.FTL.205 Flight Duty Period (FDP)
(a) The operator shall:
(1) define reporting times appropriate to each individual operation taking into
account ORO.FTL.110(c);
(2) establish procedures specifying how the commander shall, in case of special
circumstances which could lead to severe fatigue, and after consultation with
the crew members concerned, reduce the actual FDP and/or increase the rest
period in order to eliminate any detrimental effect on flight safety.
(b) Basic maximum daily FDP.
(1) The maximum daily FDP without the use of extensions for acclimatised crew
members shall be in accordance with the following table:

Table 2
Maximum daily FDP – Acclimatised crew members
Start of FDP at reference time 1 – 2 Sectors 3 Sectors 4 Sectors 5 Sectors 6 Sectors 7 Sectors 8 Sectors 9 Sectors 10 Sectors
06:00 – 13:29 13:00 12:30 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00
13:30 – 13:59 12:45 12:15 11:45 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00
14:00 – 14:29 12:30 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00
14:30 – 14:59 12:15 11:45 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00 09:00
15:00 – 15:29 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 09:00
15:30 – 15:59 11:45 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00 09:00 09:00
16:00 – 16:29 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 09:00 09:00
16:30 – 16:59 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00 09:00 09:00 09:00
17:00 – 04:59 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 09:00 09:00 09:00
05:00 – 05:14 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 09:00
05:15 – 05:29 12:15 11:45 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00 09:00
05:30 – 05:44 12:30 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00
05:45 – 05:59 12:45 12:15 11:45 11:15 10:45 10:15 09:45 09:15 09:00

(2) The maximum daily FDP when crew members are in an unknown state of
acclimatisation shall be in accordance with the following table:
Table 3
Crew members in an unknown state of acclimatisation
Maximum daily FDP according to sectors

1-2 3 4 5 6 7 8
11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00 09:00 09:00
(3) The maximum daily FDP when crew members are in an unknown state of
acclimatisation and the operator has implemented a FRM, shall be in
accordance with the following table:
Table 4
Crew members in an unknown state of acclimatisation under FRM
Maximum daily FDP according to sectors

1-2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 09:30 09:00
(c) FDP with different reporting time for flight crew and cabin crew.
Whenever cabin crew requires more time than the flight crew for their pre-flight
briefing for the same sector or series of sectors, the FDP of the cabin crew may be
extended by the difference in reporting time between the cabin crew and the flight
crew. The difference shall not exceed 1 hour. The maximum daily FDP for cabin crew
shall be based on the time at which the flight crew report for their FDP, but the FDP
shall start at the reporting time of the cabin crew.
(d) Maximum daily FDP for acclimatised crew members with the use of extensions
without in-flight rest.
(1) The maximum daily FDP may be extended by up to 1 hour not more than twice
in any 7 consecutive days. In that case:
(i) the minimum pre-flight and post-flight rest periods shall be increased by 2
hours; or
(ii) the post-flight rest period shall be increased by 4 hours.
(2) When extensions are used for consecutive FDPs, the additional pre- and post-
flight rest between the two extended FDPs required under subparagraph 1 shall
be provided consecutively.
(3) The use of the extension shall be planned in advance, and shall be limited to a
maximum of:
(i) 5 sectors when the WOCL is not encroached; or
(ii) 4 sectors, when the WOCL is encroached by 2 hours or less; or
Xx February 2014 Version 1 Page 18 of 34

(iii) 2 sectors, when the WOCL is encroached by more than 2 hours.
(4) Extension of the maximum basic daily FDP without in-flight rest shall not be
combined with extensions due to in-flight rest or split duty in the same duty
period.
(5) Flight time specification schemes shall specify the limits for extensions of the
maximum basic daily FDP in accordance with the certification specifications
applicable to the type of operation, taking into account:
(i) the number of sectors flown; and
(ii) WOCL encroachment.
(e) Maximum daily FDP with the use of extensions due to in-flight rest
Flight time specification schemes shall specify the conditions for extensions of the
maximum basic daily FDP with in-flight rest in accordance with the certification
specifications applicable to the type of operation, taking into account:
(i) the number of sectors flown;
(ii) the minimum in-flight rest allocated to each crew member;
(iii) the type of in-flight rest facilities; and
(iv) the augmentation of the basic flight crew.
(f) Unforeseen circumstances in flight operations — commander’s discretion
(1) The conditions to modify the limits on flight duty, duty and rest periods by the
commander in the case of unforeseen circumstances in flight operations, which
start at or after the reporting time, shall comply with the following:
(i) the maximum daily FDP which results after applying points (b) and (e) of
point ORO.FTL.205 or point ORO.FTL.220 may not be increased by more
than 2 hours unless the flight crew has been augmented, in which case the
maximum flight duty period may be increased by not more than 3 hours;
(ii) if on the final sector within an FDP the allowed increase is exceeded
because of unforeseen circumstances after take-off, the flight may continue
to the planned destination or alternate aerodrome; and
(iii) the rest period following the FDP may be reduced but can never be less
than 10 hours.
(2) In case of unforeseen circumstances which could lead to severe fatigue, the
commander shall reduce the actual flight duty period and/or increase the rest
period in order to eliminate any detrimental effect on flight safety.
(3) The commander shall consult all crew members on their alertness levels before
deciding the modifications under subparagraphs 1 and 2.
(4) The commander shall submit a report to the operator when an FDP is increased
or a rest period is reduced at his or her discretion.
(5) Where the increase of an FDP or reduction of a rest period exceeds 1 hour, a
copy of the report, to which the operator shall add its comments, shall be sent
by the operator to the competent authority not later than 28 days after the event.

(6) The operator shall implement a non-punitive process for the use of the
discretion described under this provision and shall describe it in the operations
manual.
(g) Unforeseen circumstances in flight operations — delayed reporting
The operator shall establish procedures, in the operations manual, for delayed
reporting in the event of unforeseen circumstances, in accordance with the
certification specifications applicable to the type of operation.
CS FTL.1.205 Flight Duty Period (FDP)
(a) Night duties under the provisions of ORO.FTL.205(b) and (d) comply with the
following:
(1) When establishing the maximum FDP for consecutive night duties, the number
of sectors is limited to 4 sectors per duty.
(2) The operator applies appropriate fatigue risk management to actively manage
the fatiguing effect of night duties of more than 10 hours in relation to the
surrounding duties and rest periods.
(b) Extension of FDP without in-flight rest
The extension of FDP without in-flight rest under the provisions of

ORO.FTL.205(d)(5) is limited to the values specified in the table below.
Maximum daily FDP with extension
Starting time of FDP 1 – 2 sectors 3 sectors 4 sectors 5 sectors

(in hours) (in hours) (in hours) (in hours)
06:00 – 06:14 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed
06:15 - 06:29 13:15 12:45 12:15 11:45
06:30 - 06:44 13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
06:45 - 06:59 13:45 13:15 12:45 12:15
07:00 - 13:29 14:00 13:30 13:00 12:30

13:30 - 13:59 13:45 13:15 12:45 Not allowed
14:00 - 14:29 13:30 13:00 12:30 Not allowed
14:30 - 14:59 13:15 12:45 12:15 Not allowed

15:00 - 15:29 13:00 12:30 12:00 Not allowed
15:30 - 15:59 12:45 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed
16:00 - 16:29 12:30 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed

16:30 – 16:59 12:15 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed


Starting time of FDP 1 – 2 sectors 3 sectors 4 sectors 5 sectors

(in hours) (in hours) (in hours) (in hours)
(c) Extension of FDP due to in-flight rest
In-flight rest facilities in accordance with ORO.FTL.205(e)(iii) fulfil the following

minimum standards:
— ‘Class 1 rest facility’ means a bunk or other surface that allows for a flat or near
flat sleeping position. It reclines to at least 80° back angle to the vertical and is
located separately from both the flight crew compartment and the passenger
cabin in an area that allows the crew member to control light, and provides
isolation from noise and disturbance;
— ‘Class 2 rest facility’ means a seat in an aircraft cabin that reclines at least 45°
back angle to the vertical, has at least a pitch of 55 inches (137.5 cm), a seat
width of at least 20 inches (50 cm) and provides leg and foot support. It is
separated from passengers by at least a curtain to provide darkness and some
sound mitigation, and is reasonably free from disturbance by passengers or
crew members;
— ‘Class 3 rest facility’ means a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight crew

compartment that reclines at least 40° from the vertical, provides leg and foot
support and is separated from passengers by at least a curtain to provide
darkness and some sound mitigation, and is not adjacent to any seat occupied
by passengers.
(1) The extension of FDP with in-flight rest under the provisions of ORO.FTL.205(e)
complies with the following:
(i) the FDP is limited to 3 sectors; and
(ii) the minimum in-flight rest period is a consecutive 90-minute period for each
crew member and 2 consecutive hours for the flight crew members at
control during landing.
(2) The maximum daily FDP under the provisions of ORO.FTL.205 (e) may be
extended due to in-flight rest for flight crew:
(i) with one additional flight crew member:

(A) up to 14 hours with class 3 rest facilities;
(B) up to 15 hours with class 2 rest facilities; or
(C) up to 16 hours with class 1 rest facilities;
(ii) with two additional flight crew members:
(A) up to 15 hours with class 3 rest facilities;
(B) up to 16 hours with class 2 rest facilities; or
(C) up to 17 hours with class 1 rest facilities.
(3) The minimum in-flight rest for each cabin crew member is:
Maximum extended FDP Minimum in-flight rest (hours)
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Up to 14:30 hours 1:30 1:30 1:30
14:31 – 15:00 hours 1:45 2:00 2:20
15:01 – 15:30 hours 2:00 2:20 2:40
15:31 – 16:00 hours 2:15 2:40 3:00
16:01 – 16:30 hours 2:35 3:00 Not allowed
16:31 – 17:00 hours 3:00 3:25 Not allowed
17:01 – 17:30 hours 3:25 Not allowed Not allowed
17:31 – 18:00 hours 3:50 Not allowed Not allowed
(4) The limits specified in (2) may be increased by 1 hour for FDPs that include 1
sector of more than 9 hours of continuous flight time and a maximum of 2
sectors.
(5) All time spent in the rest facility is counted as FDP.
(6) The minimum rest at destination is at least as long as the preceding duty period,
or 14 hours, whichever is greater.
(7) A crew member does not start a positioning sector to become part of this
operating crew on the same flight.
(d) Unforeseen circumstances in flight operations — delayed reporting
(1) The operator may delay the reporting time in the event of unforeseen
circumstances, if procedures for delayed reporting are established in the
operations manual. The operator keeps records of delayed reporting. Delayed
reporting procedures establish a notification time allowing a crew member to
remain in his/her suitable accommodation when the delayed reporting
procedure is activated. In such a case, if the crew member is informed of the
delayed reporting time, the FDP is calculated as follows:
(i) one notification of a delay leads to the calculation of the maximum FDP
according to (iii) or (iv);

(ii) if the reporting time is further amended, the FDP starts counting 1 hour
after the second notification or at the original delayed reporting time if this
is earlier;
(iii) when the delay is less than 4 hours, the maximum FDP is calculated based
on the original reporting time and the FDP starts counting at the delayed
reporting time;
(iv) when the delay is 4 hours or more, the maximum FDP is calculated based
on the more limiting of the original or the delayed reporting time and the
FDP starts counting at the delayed reporting time;
(v) as an exception to (i) and (ii), when the operator informs the crew member
of a delay of 10 hours or more in reporting time and the crew member is
not further disturbed by the operator, such delay of 10 hours or more
counts as a rest period.
GM1 CS FTL.1.205(a)(2) Flight Duty Period (FDP)
NIGHT DUTIES – APPROPRIATE FATIGUE RISK MANAGEMENT
(a) When rostering night duties of more than 10 hours (referred to below as ‘long night
duties’), it is critical for the crew member to obtain sufficient sleep before such duties
when he/she is adapted to being awake during day time hours at the local time where
he/she is acclimatised. To optimise alertness on long night duties, the likelihood of
obtaining sleep as close as possible to the start of the FDP should be considered,
when rostering rest periods before long night duties, by providing sufficient time to
the crew member to adapt to being awake during the night. Rostering practices
leading to extended wakefulness before reporting for such duties should be avoided.
Fatigue risk management principles that could be applied to the rostering of long
night duties may include:
(1) avoiding long night duties after extended recovery rest periods
(2) progressively delaying the rostered ending time of the FDPs preceding long
night duties;
(3) starting a block of night duties with a shorter FDP; and
(4) avoiding the sequence of early starts and long night duties.
(b) Fatigue risk management principles may be applied to the rostering of long night
duties by means of:
(1) considering operator or industry operational experience and data collected on

similar operations;
(2) evidence-based scheduling practices; and
(3) bio-mathematical models.
GM1 ORO.FTL.205(a)(1) Flight Duty Period (FDP)
REPORTING TIMES
The operator should specify reporting times taking into account the type of operation, the
size and type of aircraft and the reporting airport conditions.

GM1 ORO.FTL.205(b)(1) Flight Duty Period (FDP)
REFERENCE TIME
The start time of the FDP in the table refers to the ‘reference time’. That means, to the local
time of the point of departure, if this point of departure is within a 2-hour wide time zone
band around the local time where a crew member is acclimatised.
AMC1 ORO.FTL.205(f) Flight Duty Period (FDP)
UNFORESEEN CIRCUMSTANCES IN ACTUAL FLIGHT OPERATIONS – COMMANDER’S DISCRETION
(a) As general guidance when developing a commander’s discretion policy, the operator
should take into consideration the shared responsibility of management, flight and
cabin crew in the case of unforeseen circumstances. The exercise of commander’s
discretion should be considered exceptional and should be avoided at home base
and/or company hubs where standby or reserve crew members should be available.
Operators should asses on a regular basis the series of pairings where commander’s
discretion has been exercised in order to be aware of possible inconsistencies in
their rostering.
(b) The operator’s policy on commander’s discretion should state the safety objectives,
especially in the case of an extended FDP or reduced rest and should take due
consideration of additional factors that might decrease a crew member’s alertness
levels, such as:
(1) WOCL encroachment;
(2) weather conditions;
(3) complexity of the operation and/or airport environment;
(4) aeroplane malfunctions or specifications;
(5) flight with training or supervisory duties;
(6) increased number of sectors;
(7) circadian disruption; and
(8) individual conditions of affected crew members (time since awake, sleep-related
factor, workload, etc.).
GM1 ORO.FTL.205(f)(1)(i) Flight Duty Period (FDP)
COMMANDER’S DISCRETION
The maximum basic daily FDP that results after applying ORO.FTL.205(b) should be used to
calculate the limits of commander’s discretion, if commander’s discretion is applied to an
FDP which has been extended under the provisions of ORO.FTL.205(d).
GM1 CS FTL.1.205(c)(1)(ii) Flight Duty Period (FDP)
IN-FLIGHT REST
In-flight rest should be taken during the cruise phase of the flight.

GM2 CS FTL.1.205(c)(1)(ii) Flight Duty Period (FDP)
IN-FLIGHT REST
In-flight rest periods should be allocated in order to optimise the alertness of those flight
crew members at control during landing.
GM1 CS FTL.1.205(d) Flight Duty Period (FDP)
DELAYED REPORTING
Operator procedures for delayed reporting should:
(a) specify a contacting mode;
(b) establish minimum and maximum notification times; and
(c) avoid interference with sleeping patterns when possible.
Flight Times and Duty Periods

ORO.FTL.210 Flight Times and Duty Periods
(a) The total duty periods to which a crew member may be assigned shall not exceed:
(1) 60 duty hours in any 7 consecutive days;
(2) 110 duty hours in any 14 consecutive days; and
(3) 190 duty hours in any 28 consecutive days, spread as evenly as practicable
throughout that period.
(b) The total flight time of the sectors on which an individual crew member is assigned as
an operating crew member shall not exceed:
(1) 100 hours of flight time in any 28 consecutive days;
(2) 900 hours of flight time in any calendar year; and
(3) 1 000 hours of flight time in any 12 consecutive calendar months.
(c) Post-flight duty shall count as duty period. The operator shall specify in its operations
manual the minimum time period for post-flight duties.
AMC1 ORO.FTL.210(c) Flight Times and Duty Periods
POST-FLIGHT DUTIES
The operator should specify post-flight duty times taking into account the type of operation,
the size and type of aircraft and the airport conditions.

Positioning
ORO.FTL.215 Positioning
If an operator positions a crew member, the following shall apply:
(a) positioning after reporting but prior to operating shall be counted as FDP but shall not
count as a sector;
(b) all time spent on positioning shall count as duty period.
Split Duty
ORO.FTL.220 Split Duty
The conditions for extending the basic maximum FDP due to a break on the ground shall be
in accordance with the following:
(a) flight time specification schemes shall specify the following elements for split duty in
accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation:
(1) the minimum duration of a break on the ground; and
(2) the possibility to extend the FDP prescribed under point ORO.FTL.205(b) taking
into account the duration of the break on the ground, the facilities provided to
the crew member to rest and other relevant factors;
(b) the break on the ground shall count in full as FDP;
(c) split duty shall not follow a reduced rest.
CS FTL.1.220 Split Duty
The increase of limits on flight duty, under the provisions of ORO.FTL.220, complies with the
following:
(a) The break on the ground within the FDP has a minimum duration of 3 consecutive
hours.
(b) The break excludes the time allowed for post and pre-flight duties and travelling. The
minimum total time for post and pre-flight duties and travelling is 30 minutes. The
operator specifies the actual times in its operations manual.
(c) The maximum FDP specified in ORO.FTL.205(b) may be increased by up to 50 % of

the break.
(d) Suitable accommodation is provided either for a break of 6 hours or more or for a
break that encroaches the window of circadian low (WOCL).
(e) In all other cases:
(1) accommodation is provided; and
(2) any time of the actual break exceeding 6 hours or any time of the break that
encroaches the WOCL does not count for the extension of the FDP.
(f) Split duty cannot be combined with in-flight rest.

GM1 CS FTL.1.220(b) Split Duty
POST, PRE-FLIGHT DUTY AND TRAVELLING TIMES
The operator should specify post and pre-flight duty and travelling times taking into account
aircraft type, type of operation and airport conditions.
Standby
ORO.FTL.225 Standby and Duties at the Airport
If an operator assigns crew members to standby or to any duty at the airport, the following
shall apply in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of
operation:
(a) standby and any duty at the airport shall be in the roster and the start and end time of
standby shall be defined and notified in advance to the crew members concerned to
provide them with the opportunity to plan adequate rest;
(b) a crew member is considered on airport standby from reporting at the reporting point
until the end of the notified airport standby period;
(c) airport standby shall count in full as duty period for the purpose of points
ORO.FTL.210 and ORO.FTL.235;
(d) any duty at the airport shall count in full as duty period and the FDP shall count in full
from the airport duty reporting time;
(e) the operator shall provide accommodation to the crew member on airport standby;
(f) flight time specification schemes shall specify the following elements:
(1) the maximum duration of any standby;
(2) the impact of the time spent on standby on the maximum FDP that may be
assigned, taking into account facilities provided to the crew member to rest, and
other relevant factors such as:
- the need for immediate readiness of the crew member,
- the interference of standby with sleep, and
- sufficient notification to protect a sleep opportunity between the call for duty
and the assigned FDP;
(3) the minimum rest period following standby which does not lead to assignment of
an FDP;
(4) how time spent on standby other than airport standby shall be counted for the
purpose of cumulative duty periods.

CS FTL.1.225 Standby
The modification of limits on flight duty, duty and rest periods under the provisions of
ORO.FTL.225 complies with the following:
(a) Airport standby
(1) If not leading to the assignment of an FDP, airport standby is followed by a rest
period as specified in ORO.FTL.235.
(2) If an assigned FDP starts during airport standby, the following applies:
(i) the FDP counts from the start of the FDP. The maximum FDP is reduced
by any time spent on standby in excess of 4 hours;
(ii) the maximum combined duration of airport standby and assigned FDP as
specified in ORO.FTL.205(b) and (d) is 16 hours.
(b) Standby other than airport standby:
(1) the maximum duration of standby other than airport standby is 16 hours;
(2) The operator’s standby procedures are designed to ensure that the combination
of standby and FDP do not lead to more than 18 hours awake time;
(3) 25% of time spent on standby other than airport standby counts as duty time for
the purpose of ORO.FTL.210;
(4) standby is followed by a rest period in accordance with ORO.FTL.235;
(5) standby ceases when the crew member reports at the designated reporting
point;
(6) if standby ceases within the first 6 hours, the maximum FDP counts from
reporting;
(7) if standby ceases after the first 6 hours, the maximum FDP is reduced by the
amount of standby time exceeding 6 hours;
(8) if the FDP is extended due to in-flight rest according to CS FTL.1.205(c), or to

split duty according to CS FTL.1.220, the 6 hours of paragraph (6) and (7) are
extended to 8 hours;
(9) if standby starts between 23:00 and 07:00, the time between 23:00 and 07:00
does not count towards the reduction of the FDP under (6), (7) and (8) until the
crew member is contacted by the operator; and
(10) the response time between call and reporting time established by the operator
allows the crew member to arrive from his/her place of rest to the designated
reporting point within a reasonable time.
GM1 CS FTL.1.225 Standby
MINIMUM REST AND STANDBY
(a) If airport or other standby initially assigned is reduced by the operator during standby
that does not lead to an assignment to a flight duty period, the minimum rest
requirements specified in ORO.FTL.235 should apply.

(b) If a minimum rest period as specified in ORO.FTL.235 is provided before reporting

for the duty assigned during the standby, this time period should not count as
standby duty.
(c) Standby other than airport standby counts (partly) as duty for the purpose of
ORO.FTL.210 only. If a crew member receives an assignment during standby other
than airport standby, the actual reporting time at the designated reporting point
should be used for the purpose of ORO.FTL.235.
GM1 CS FTL.1.225(b) Standby
STANDBY OTHER THAN AIRPORT STANDBY NOTIFICATION
Operator procedures for the notification of assigned duties during standby other than airport
standby should avoid interference with sleeping patterns if possible.
GM1 CS FTL.1.225(b)(2) Standby
AWAKE TIME
Scientific research shows that continuous awake in excess of 18 hours can reduce the
alertness and should be avoided.
Reserve
ORO.FTL.230 Reserve
If an operator assigns crew members to reserve, the following requirements shall apply in
accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation:
(a) reserve shall be in the roster;
(b) flight time specification schemes shall specify the following elements:
(1) the maximum duration of any single reserve period;
(2) the number of consecutive reserve days that may be assigned to a crew
member.
CS FTL.1.230 Reserve
The operator assigns duties to a crew member on reserve under the provisions of
ORO.FTL.230 complying with the following:
(a) An assigned FDP counts from the reporting time.
(b) Reserve times do not count as duty period for the purpose of ORO.FTL.210 and
ORO.FTL.235.
(c) The operator defines the maximum number of consecutive reserve days within the
limits of ORO.FTL.235(d).
(d) To protect an 8-hour sleep opportunity, the operator rosters a period of 8 hours,
taking into account fatigue management principles, for each reserve day during
which a crew member on reserve is not contacted by the operator.

GM1 ORO.FTL.230(a) Reserve
ROSTERING OF RESERVE
Including reserve in a roster , also referred to as 'rostering', implies that a reserve period that
does not result in a duty period may not retrospectively be considered as part of a recurrent
extended recovery rest period.
GM1 CS FTL.1.230 Reserve
RESERVE NOTIFICATION
Operator procedures for the notification of assigned duties during reserve should avoid
interference with sleeping patterns if possible.
GM2 CS FTL.1.230 Reserve
NOTIFICATION IN ADVANCE
The minimum 'at least 10 hours' between the notification of an assignment for any duty and
reporting for that duty during reserve may include the period of 8 hours during which a crew
member on reserve is not contacted by the operator.
GM1 CS FTL.1.230(c) Reserve
RECURRENT EXTENDED RECOVERY REST
ORO.FTL.235(d) applies to a crew member on reserve.
Rest Periods
ORO.FTL.235 Rest Periods
(a) Minimum rest period at home base.
(1) The minimum rest period provided before undertaking an FDP starting at home
base shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 12 hours,
whichever is greater.
(2) By way of derogation from point (1), the minimum rest provided under point (b)
applies if the operator provides suitable accommodation to the crew member at
home base.
(b) Minimum rest period away from home base.
The minimum rest period provided before undertaking an FDP starting away from
home base shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 10 hours,
whichever is greater. This period shall include an 8-hour sleep opportunity in addition
to the time for travelling and physiological needs.
(c) Reduced rest
By derogation from points (a) and (b), flight time specification schemes may reduce
the minimum rest periods in accordance with the certification specifications
applicable to the type of operation and taking into account the following elements:
(1) the minimum reduced rest period;

(2) the increase of the subsequent rest period; and
(3) the reduction of the FDP following the reduced rest.
(d) Recurrent extended recovery rest periods
Flight time specification schemes shall specify recurrent extended recovery rest
periods to compensate for cumulative fatigue. The minimum recurrent extended
recovery rest period shall be 36 hours, including 2 local nights, and in any case the
time between the end of one recurrent extended recovery rest period and the start of
the next extended recovery rest period shall not be more than 168 hours. The
recurrent extended recovery rest period shall be increased to 2 local days twice
every month.
(e) Flight time specification schemes shall specify additional rest periods in accordance
with the applicable certification specifications to compensate for:
(1) the effects of time zone differences and extensions of the FDP;
(2) additional cumulative fatigue due to disruptive schedules; and
(3) a change of home base.
CS FTL.1.235 Rest Periods
(a) Disruptive schedules
(1) If a transition from a late finish/night duty to an early start is planned at home
base, the rest period between the 2 FDPs includes 1 local night.
(2) If a crew member performs 4 or more night duties, early starts or late finishes
between 2 extended recovery rest periods as defined in ORO.FTL.235(d), the
second extended recovery rest period is extended to 60 hours.
(b) Time zone differences
(1) For the purpose of ORO.FTL.235(e)(1), ‘rotation’ is a series of duties, including

at least one flight duty, and rest period out of home base, starting at home base
and ending when returning to home base for a rest period where the operator is
no longer responsible for the accommodation of the crew member.
(2) The operator monitors rotations and combinations of rotations in terms of their
effect on crew member fatigue, and adapts the rosters as necessary.
(3) Time zone differences are compensated by additional rest, as follows:
(i) At home base, if a rotation involves a 4 hour time difference or more, the
minimum rest is as specified in the following table.

Minimum local nights of rest at home base to compensate for time zone
differences
Maximum time difference (h) Time elapsed (h) since reporting for the first
between reference time and FDP in a rotation involving at least 4-hour time
local time where a crew difference to the reference time
member rests during a
rotation
< 48 48 – 71:59 72 – 95:59 ≥ 96
≤6 2 2 3 3
> 6 and ≤ 9 2 3 3 4
> 9 and ≤ 12 2 3 4 5
(ii) Away from home base, if an FDP involves a 4-hour time difference or
more, the minimum rest following that FDP is at least as long as the
preceding duty period, or 14 hours, whichever is greater. By way of
derogation from point (b)(3)(i) and only once between 2 recurrent extended
recovery rest periods as specified in ORO.FTL.235(d), the minimum rest
provided under this point (b)(3)(ii) may also apply to home base if the
operator provides suitable accommodation to the crew member.
(4) In case of an Eastward-Westward or Westward-Eastward transition, at least 3

local nights of rest at home base are provided between alternating rotations.
(5) The monitoring of combinations of rotations is conducted under the operator’s

management system provisions.
(c) Reduced rest
(1) The minimum reduced rest periods under reduced rest arrangements are 12
hours at home base and 10 hours out of base.
(2) Reduced rest is used under fatigue risk management.
(3) The rest period following the reduced rest is extended by the difference between
the minimum rest period specified in ORO.FTL.235(a) or (b) and the reduced
rest.
(4) The FDP following the reduced rest is reduced by the difference between the
minimum rest period specified in ORO.FTL.235(a) or (b) as applicable and the
reduced rest.
(5) There is a maximum of 2 reduced rest periods between 2 recurrent extended

recovery rest periods specified in accordance with ORO.FTL.235(d).
GM1 ORO.FTL.235(a)(2) Rest Periods
MINIMUM REST PERIOD AT HOME BASE IF SUITABLE ACCOMMODATION IS PROVIDED
An operator may apply the minimum rest period away from home base during a rotation
which includes a rest period at a crew member’s home base. This applies only if the crew
member does not rest at his/her residence, or temporary accommodation, because the
operator provides suitable accommodation. This type of roster is known as "back-to-back
operation".

AMC1 ORO.FTL.235(b) Rest Periods
MINIMUM REST PERIOD AWAY FROM HOME BASE
The time allowed for physiological needs should be 1 hour. Consequently, if the travelling
time to the suitable accommodation is more than 30 minutes, the operator should increase
the rest period by twice the amount of difference of travelling time above 30 minutes.
GM1 CS FTL.1.235(b)(3) Rest Periods
TIME ELAPSED SINCE REPORTING
The time elapsed since reporting for a rotation involving at least a 4-hour time difference to
the reference time stops counting when the crew member returns to his/her home base for a
rest period during which the operator is no longer responsible for the accommodation of the
crew member.
Nutrition
ORO.FTL.240 Nutrition
(a) During the FDP there shall be the opportunity for a meal and drink in order to avoid
any detriment to a crew member’s performance, especially when the FDP exceeds 6
hours.
(b) An operator shall specify in its operations manual how the crew member’s nutrition
during FDP is ensured.
AMC1 ORO.FTL.240 Nutrition
MEAL OPPORTUNITY
(a) The operations manual should specify the minimum duration of the meal opportunity,
when a meal opportunity is provided, in particular when the FDP encompasses the
regular meal windows (e.g. if the FDP starts at 11:00 hours and ends at 22:00 hours
meal opportunities for two meals should be given).
(b) It should define the time frames in which a regular meal should be consumed in order
not to alter the human needs for nutrition without affecting the crew member’s body
rhythms.
Records
ORO.FTL.245 Records of Home Base, Flight Times, Duty and Rest Periods
(a) An operator shall maintain, for a period of 24 months:
(1) individual records for each crew member including:
(i) flight times;
(ii) start, duration and end of each duty period and FDP;
(iii) rest periods and days free of all duties; and
(iv) assigned home base;

(2) reports on extended flight duty periods and reduced rest periods.
(b) Upon request, the operator shall provide copies of individual records of flight times,
duty periods and rest periods to:
(1) the crew member concerned; and
(2) to another operator, in relation to a crew member who is or becomes a crew

member of the operator concerned.
(c) Records referred to in point CAT.GEN.MPA.100(b)(5) in relation to crew members

who undertake duties for more than one operator shall be kept for a period of 24
months.
Fatigue Management Training

ORO.FTL.250 Fatigue Management Training
(a) The operator shall provide initial and recurrent fatigue management training to crew
members, personnel responsible for preparation and maintenance of crew rosters
and management personnel concerned.
(b) This training shall follow a training programme established by the operator and
described in the operations manual. The training syllabus shall cover the possible
causes and effects of fatigue and fatigue countermeasure.
AMC1 ORO.FTL.250 Fatigue Management Training
TRAINING SYLLABUS FATIGUE MANAGEMENT TRAINING
The training syllabus should contain the following:
(a) applicable regulatory requirements for flight, duty and rest;
(b) the basics of fatigue including sleep fundamentals and the effects of disturbing the
circadian rhythms;
(c) the causes of fatigue, including medical conditions that may lead to fatigue;
(d) the effect of fatigue on performance;
(e) fatigue countermeasures;
(f) the influence of lifestyle, including nutrition, exercise, and family life, on fatigue;
(g) familiarity with sleep disorders and their possible treatments;
(h) where applicable, the effects of long range operations and heavy short range
schedules on individuals;
(i) the effect of operating through and within multiple time zones; and
(j) the crew member responsibility for ensuring adequate rest and fitness for flight duty.

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UK Civil Aviation Authority EASA FTL Regulations – Combined Document

EASA FTL Regulations

This document is provided for ease of reference only.

18 February 2014 Version 1 Page 1 of 34

COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No. 83/2014

amending Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 laying down technical requirements and

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

18 February 2014 Version 1 Page 2 of 34

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Regulation (EU) No. 965/2012 is amended as follows:

(1) in Article 2, point (6) is added;

It shall apply from 18 February 2016.

Done at Brussels, 29 January 2014.

For the Commission

José Manuel BARROSO

18 February 2014 Version 1 Page 3 of 34

References in the rest of this document:

CS FTL.1.xxx Certification Specifications

18 February 2014 Version 1 Page 4 of 34

Time difference (h) Time elapsed since reporting at reference time

“X” means that the crew member is in an unknown state of acclimatisation;

18 February 2014 Version 1 Page 5 of 34

(a) “early type” of disruptive schedule means:

(b) “late type” of disruptive schedule means:

18 February 2014 Version 1 Page 6 of 34

18 February 2014 Version 1 Page 7 of 34

(26) “airport standby” means a standby performed at the airport;

(27) “other standby” means a standby either at home or in a suitable accommodation;

GM1 ORO.FTL.105(1) Definitions

GM2 ORO.FTL.105(1) Definitions

ACCLIMATISED ‘POINT OF DEPARTURE’

GM3 ORO.FTL.105(1) Definitions

ACCLIMATISED ‘TIME ELAPSED SINCE REPORTING AT REFERENCE TIME’

GM1 ORO.FTL.105(2) Definitions

GM1 ORO.FTL.105(3) Definitions

ADEQUATE FURNITURE FOR ‘ACCOMMODATION’

GM1 ORO.FTL.105(8) Definitions

DETERMINATION OF DISRUPTIVE SCHEDULES

18 February 2014 Version 1 Page 8 of 34

GM1 ORO.FTL.105(10) Definitions

ELEMENTS OF STANDBY FOR DUTY

ORO.FTL.225(c) and (d) and CS FTL.1.225(b)(2) determine which elements of standby

GM1 ORO.FTL.105(17) Definitions

OPERATING CREW MEMBER

A person on board an aircraft is either a crew member or a passenger. If a crew member is

18 February 2014 Version 1 Page 9 of 34

AMC1 ORO.FTL.110 Operator Responsibilities

(3) preparation of duty rosters sufficiently in advance with planning of recurrent

AMC1 ORO.FTL.110(j) Operator Responsibilities

Rosters should be published 14 days in advance.

AMC1 ORO.FTL.110(a) Operator Responsibilities

OPERATIONAL ROBUSTNESS OF ROSTERS

GM1 ORO.FTL.110(a) Operator Responsibilities

OPERATIONAL ROBUSTNESS OF ROSTERS

ORO.FTL.115 Crew Member Responsibilities

Crew members shall:

(a) comply with point CAT.GEN.MPA.100(b) of Annex IV (Part-CAT); and