PREFACE

First of all we would like to express our gratitude into our God, who has been giving
us the great time to live in this world. Therefore, we can compile this paper for essay writing.

This paper discuss essay writing about cause effect. This paper is expected that the
reader can add their knowledge about cause effect in essay.

Finally, this paper is far from being perfect. The suggestions and criticism for the

better compilation of this book in the future is happily welcome. The writer hopes this paper

is not only useful for the writers but also for the readers.

Kediri, May 2015

The writer

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ...................................................................................................

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................

CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................

1. Background ......................................................................................

2. Problem formulation ........................................................................

3. Destination .......................................................................................

CHAPTER 2 ...............................................................................................

DISCUSSION ..............................................................................................

A. ESSAY ............................................................................................

1. The definition of essay ...............................................................

2. The kinds of essay......................................................................

B. CAUSE/EFFECT ...........................................................................

1. The definition of cause/effect ....................................................

2. The structure of cause/effect ......................................................

3. How to write cause/effect in essay.............................................

4. Kinds of transitional signal word in cause/effect .......................

5. Kinds of cause effect’s example ................................................

CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................

CLOSING ................................................................................................

1. Conclision ........................................................................................

2. Suggestion ........................................................................................

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1. Background

We all understand cause-effect relationships; for example, lightning can cause

fire. As a student you know that if you stay up late the night before a test to watch a movie
and do not study, you may not perform well on the test the following day. A cause-effect
essay tells how one event (the cause) leads to another event (the effect). In other words, your
essay may focus more on the effects of a cause or more on the causes of one effect. Either
approach provides a useful means of discussing the possible relationship between the two
events. It is not a good idea to mix several causes and several effects in an essay because your
focus may become unclear. In cause-effect essays, it is easy to suggest that because one event
preceded another event, the former event caused the latter. Simply because one event follows
another one sequentially does not mean that the two actions are related. For example, people
often complain that as soon as they finish washing their car, it starts to rain. Obviously,
washing a car does not cause rain. Writers need to be sure that the causes and effects they
describe are logically connected.

2. Problem formulation
a. What the definition of cause/effect essay?
b. What the structure of cause/effect essay?
c. How to make cause/effect essay is?
d. What the example of cause/effect essay is?

3. Destination
Students can get knowladge about cause effect essay starting from how to make cause
effect essay, how to organize it, and they can learn it from many kinds of cause effect’s
example. And at least they can make a good cause effect essay.

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 CHAPTER 2

DISCUSSION

A. ESSAY

1. The definition of essay

Writing an academic essay means fashioning a coherent set of ideas into an argument.

Because essays are essentially linear—they offer one idea at a time—they must present their

ideas in the order that makes most sense to a reader. Successfully structuring an essay means

attending to a reader's logic.

2. Kinds of essay

- How to water ski or snow

ski
Gives directions or instructions - How to juggle work and
Expository Essay about how to complete a task, or school
how something is done. - How to lose friends
- How to win an argument
with your parents

- second hand smoke (effects)

- poor grades (causes &
Focuses on a condition or situation
effects)
Cause/Effect Essay and asks either why? (cause) or what
- staying up too late (effects)
is the result? (effect).
- teen suicides (reasons why
& effects)

Defines a topic both concretely - Responsibility (facing the

(dictionary def.)and abstractly consequences of one's
Definition Essay (extended def.). A dictionary often actions)
defines a word three ways: - Best friends (what they are
1. the term and are not)

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 2. the class to which it belongs - snobs (how to recognize
3. the characteristics that distinguish them in society)
it. - courage (shown by common
eg. truck (term) four wheeled people in everyday life)
vehicle (class) used for
transportation (characteristic).

- Two friends or relatives

who could be compared
- Two movies you have seen
Shows the differences and/or
with similar
Comparison/Contrast similarities
characteristics/situations
Essay between two persons, places, things,
- A foreign car and an
ideas, etc.
American car
- Knowledge and
understanding

- Should women serve in the

Your opinion on a subject is argued
military?
based on reasoning and
- Should everyone go to
Argumentative understanding.
university?
or a) You present objections and refute
- Should there be censorship
Pro/Con Essay them
on television?
b) You present points supporting
- Should students have a job
your position
while attending school?

- How the conflict in ____ is

more external than internal
- The love-hate relationship
Literary Analysis Focuses on your observations about
between two characters
Essay a book, story, poem, or play.
- How symbolism is
important in revealing
meaning in ____

Character Analysis Focuses on your observations about - Describe the main character

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 Essay a character in literature. Your in ____
evaluation of the character is based - What are the dominant
on what that character says, does, character traits of the main
and/or what other characters say character in ____
about him/her. - Why does ___'s personality
lead him to despair?

B. CAUSE/EFFECT

1. The definition of cause/effect

A cause is something that produces an event or condition; an effect is what results

from an event or condition. The purpose of the cause-and-effect essay is to determine how
various phenomena relate in terms of origins and results. Sometimes the connection between
cause and effect is clear, but often determining the exact relationship between the two is very
difficult. For example, the following effects of a cold may be easily identifiable: a sore throat,
runny nose, and a cough. But determining the cause of the sickness can be far more difficult.
A number of causes are possible, and to complicate matters, these possible causes could have
combined to cause the sickness. That is, more than one cause may be responsible for any
given effect. Therefore, cause-and-effect discussions are often complicated and frequently
lead to debates and arguments.

Sentences built using cause and effect usually involve an action that is making
something happen and the result of that action. You can usually find sentences built this way
by key words and phrases they use: so, since, as a result of, because, therefore. It’s also
important to note that the cause is usually written before the effect is, but there are rare cases
when the effect will be written first. You should realize, however, that no matter what order
you present cause and effect in with your sentences, you cannot have an effect happen before
a cause. When writing a cause and effect argument, you will be writing many cause and effect
sentences. To help you better understand how these sentences are created, here are a few
examples that have been dissected to show the separate cause and effect parts.

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Example 1:

It had begun to rain so Sally and Jake had to run inside.

Cause: It had begun to rain.

Effect: Sally and Jake had to run inside.

Key word: so

Example 2:

We went to the grocery store because we needed sour cream, eggs, and milk.

Cause: We needed sour cream, eggs, and milk.

Effect: We went to the grocery store.

Key word: because

Bad Example:

Jeremy was sick because Sally went to school the next day with a cold.

Cause: Sally went to school the next day with a cold.

Effect: Jeremy was sick today?

How can Jeremy be sick when the cause of his sickness is Sally’s cold that he does not
actually catch until the next day? Unless Jeremy is a time traveler, there is little chance that he
is sick from something that will happen to him in the future. It is in your best interest to avoid
sentences like the one above as they will make your argument invalid.

2. The structure of cause/effect essay

Considering the right structure for your essay is one of the key points of success.
Sticking to a recommended essay structure is the only way to properly outline and write it,
paragraph by paragraph from the introduction to conclusion, without mistakes.

Depending on the kind of relation between causes and effects, your essay can be organized by
one of the three patterns:

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 "Multiple Causes, One Effect" pattern
 "One Cause, Multiple Effects" pattern
 "Causal Chain (Domino)" pattern

Multiple Causes
One Effect

This pattern deals with the situation when one

effect is a result of multiple causes.

It contains five paragraphs: introduction,

conclusion, and three paragraphs, each one
describing one of the causes, leading to the
effect.

One Cause
Multiple Effects

This pattern should be used when one cause

leads to multiple effects.

It contains five paragraphs: introduction,

conclusion, and three paragraphs, each one
describing one of the effects, the cause is leading
to.

Causal Chain (Domino)

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 Sometimes a cause leads to a situation and that
situation leads to another situation and so on.

This is called a causal chain or domino effect.

Causal chain pattern contains seven paragraphs:

introduction, conclusion, and five paragraphs,
each one describing one causal link.

3. How to write cause/effect in essay

Before Writing a Cause and Effect Essay

1.Choose your topic

. Make sure that the topic is not too large or too small. For example, a 500-word essay on the
causes of World War II will surely not be able to cover all relevant information.

2.Decide whether you want to discuss causes or effects. Often a topic will be better suited to
one or the other.

3.Create an outline. This will help improve organization and coherence in your essay.

Tips for writing Cause & Effect Essays

1.Make sure your thesis statement indicates whether the essay will discuss causes or
effects(or both).

Examples of thesis statements :

a)The chief causes of dissatisfaction among the workers in the office where I spent my
placement are low wages, sexual harassment and boredom.

b) The beneficial effects of my annual canoe trip include reduced stress, increased fitness, and

improved family relationships.

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STRONG THESIS STATEMENT

A strong thesis statement for a cause-effect essay indicates whether the essay focuses
on causes or on effects. Sometimes the thesis statement uses the words cause(s) or effects(s),
but this is not necessary if either the cause or the effect is implied in the statement. In
addition, a thesis statement sometimes includes a number, such as three causes or two
effects, but this is also optional.

Focus Example Thesis Statement

Many customers prepare to shop online for three important reason.
On Causes The increase in obesity in our country is due to food commersials, cheap fast
food, andvideo games.

This essay will discuss the effects of watching too much TV on children’s
Family life, interpersonal skills, and school life. Most people are not aware
On Effects
of the positive effects of simply walking for 20 to 30 minutes per days.

2.What is the order of the causes/effects you are writing about? (i.e. the least important to
the most important, or vice versa.)

3.Avoid faulty logic. Make sure that there is an actual link between the causes and effects
being presented. (i.e. ask yourself if you have assumed a cause/effect relationship where there
is none.)

4.Fully support all your statements. Back up main points with clear examples and facts
(statistics or quotations may also be used).

5.Conclude by re-emphasizing the importance of your main point,final

comment/solution/prediction/advice/suggestion.

4. Kinds of Transitional signal word of cause/effect

 Cause / Condition / Purpose

These transitional phrases present specific conditions or intentions.

in the event that for the purpose of to the end that

granted (that) with this intention for fear that

as / so long as with this in mind in order to

on (the) condition (that) in the hope that seeing / being that

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in view of as so that

If since so as to

... then while owing to

unless lest inasmuch as

when in case due to

whenever provided that

while given that

because of only / even if

 Effect / Consequence / Result

Some of these transition words (thus, then, accordingly, consequently, therefore, henceforth)
are time words that are used to show that after a particular time there was a consequence or
an effect.
Note that for and because are placed before the cause/reason. The other devices are placed
before the consequences or effects.
as a result then
under those circumstances hence
in that case consequently
for this reason therefore
in effect thereupon
for forthwith
thus accordingly
because the henceforth

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5. Kinds of cause/effect’s example
A.

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B.

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 CHAPTER 3

CLOSING

1. Conclusion

The cause and effect essay is an exploration of the reasons for/or results of things or
events. This type of essay can include both causes and effects, but generally contains only one
of the two. Depending on the kind of relation between causes and effects, your essay can be
organized by one of the three patterns:

 "Multiple Causes, One Effect" pattern

 "One Cause, Multiple Effects" pattern
 "Causal Chain (Domino)" pattern

To unite each other between the cause with effect, it need the transitional word as mark of the
reason or the result in that essay.

2. Suggestion
if we want to make cause effect essay. We have to know about the kind of pattern in
that essay. After that we have to choose one from that pattern in order that we can focus in
our essay what will we talk. We should make it logically in order to make the reader can
interest to our essay. Don’t forget for giving the transitional word to make our essay connect
each other.

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 REFERENCE

file:///E:/SEMESTER2/WRITING/C.E/CAUSE_AND_EFFECT.pdf

file:///E:/SEMESTER2/WRITING/C.E/ce1.pdf

https://blog.udemy.com/examples-of-cause-and-effect/

file:///E:/SEMESTER2/WRITING/TransitionWords&Phrases.htm

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