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    Substitution Reaction, Reflux Potassium /sodium Hydroxide (Koh /naoh)

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    Abed Ayman
    1) The document outlines various chemical reactions including oxidation, reduction, substitution, dehydration, halide addition, and free radical substitution. 2) Common reagents used in the reactions include potassium dichromate, lithium aluminium hydride, sodium aluminium hydride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, bromine, and nickel catalyst. 3) The reactions can be used to convert functional groups like alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkenes, and alkynes into other functional groups.

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    Substitution Reaction, Reflux Potassium /sodium Hydroxide (Koh /naoh)

    Uploaded by

    Abed Ayman
    52 views1 page
    1) The document outlines various chemical reactions including oxidation, reduction, substitution, dehydration, halide addition, and free radical substitution. 2) Common reagents used in the reactions include potassium dichromate, lithium aluminium hydride, sodium aluminium hydride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, bromine, and nickel catalyst. 3) The reactions can be used to convert functional groups like alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkenes, and alkynes into other functional groups.

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    1) The document outlines various chemical reactions including oxidation, reduction, substitution, dehydration, halide addition, and free radical substitution. 2) Common reagents used in the reactions include potassium dichromate, lithium aluminium hydride, sodium aluminium hydride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, bromine, and nickel catalyst. 3) The reactions can be used to convert functional groups like alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkenes, and alkynes into other functional groups.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views1 page

    Substitution Reaction, Reflux Potassium /sodium Hydroxide (Koh /naoh)

    Uploaded by

    Abed Ayman
    1) The document outlines various chemical reactions including oxidation, reduction, substitution, dehydration, halide addition, and free radical substitution. 2) Common reagents used in the reactions include potassium dichromate, lithium aluminium hydride, sodium aluminium hydride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, bromine, and nickel catalyst. 3) The reactions can be used to convert functional groups like alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkenes, and alkynes into other functional groups.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Reflux

    1° Alcohol
    Oxidation agent: Potassium
    dichromate (vi) (K2Cr2O7)
    2° Alcohol, Oxidation Mild acidified
    Potassium dichromate (vi)(K2Cr2O7) Simple distillation
    Orange to green
    Reduction
    Lithium/ Sodium aluminium hydride Carboxylic acid + Alcohol =
    Reflux, Oxidising reagent, Acidic
    (LiAlH4 / NaAlH4)
    conditions Potassium dichromate Ester + Water
    (vi) (K2Cr2O7) Acidic conditions
    Substitution reaction, reflux Potassium
    /Sodium hydroxide (KOH /NaOH)

    Dehydration Alkene + water = Alcohol


    -X Concentrated acid Phosphoric acid
    Heat Pressure
    Halide addition 300°c
    Free Radical Substitution
    UV light catalysed

    Alkene + Hydrogen = Alkane Alkene + Halogen = Dihalogenoalkane


    Electrophilic addition
    Nickle catalyst
    Bromine brown
    to colourless

    = Mechanism involved

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