CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING CURVES

Roulettes
Roulettes are curves generated by the rolling contact of one curve or line on another curve or line.
A generating point attached to the rolling curve or line will result in the roulette curve.

They are also loci (of points experiencing two displacements).

Roulettes include
 Cycloid – the locus of a point on the periphery of a circle which rolls on a straight line or
curved path.
 Trochoid - the locus of a point not on the periphery of a circle which rolls on a line or curved
path.
 Involute – the locus of a free end of a string when it is wound round a circular pole. Can also
be defined as the spiral path of a point on a string unwinding from a line, circle, or polygon.
 Spiral – a curve generated by a point which revolves around a fixed point and at the same
moves towards it.
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 CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING CURVES
Roulettes

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 CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING CURVES
CYCLOIDS
INVOLUTES
1. General Cycloid
1. Involute of a circular pole
2. Epi-Cycloid – if the circle is rolling on another circle from a)String Length = D
outside
b)String Length > D
3. Hypo-Cycloid – if the circle is rolling from inside the other c)String Length < D
circle
4. Trochoids 2. Pole having Composite shape.
a. Superior Trochoid – if the point in the definition of
cycloid is outside the circle
b. Inferior Trochoid – if the point in the definition of cycloid
is inside the circle
5. Inferior and Superior Epi-Trochoids.
6. Inferior and Superior Hypo-Trochoids.

SPIRALS
• Of one convolution
• Of two convolutions

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 CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING CURVES
Roulettes

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 CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING CURVES
Roulettes

Rolling Circle
Generating Circles

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 CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING CURVES

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 CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING CURVES
Roulettes
Steps:
General Cycloid with a Rolling circle diameter of 50 mm
1) From center C draw a horizontal line equal
to D (of rolling circle) distance.
2) Divide D distance into 8 number of equal
p4 parts and name them C1, C2, C3__ etc.
4
p3 p5 3) Divide the circle also into 8 number of equal
3 5
parts and in clock wise direction, after P
p6 C
name 1, 2, 3 up to 8.
C p2 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 8
2 6 4) From all these points on the circle draw
p1 horizontal lines.
1 p7
7 5) With a fixed distance C-P in compass, C1 as
P p8 center, mark a point on horizontal line from
1. Name it P1.
D
6) Repeat this procedure from C2, C3, C4 up to
C8 as centers. Mark points P2, P3, P4, P5
up to P8 on the horizontal lines drawn from
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 respectively.
7) Join all these points to get the cycloid.

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 CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING CURVES
Roulletes
Epi-Cycloid 1) When smaller circle will roll on larger circle for one
revolution it will cover πD distance on arc and it will
Take diameter of rolling Circle 50 mm and radius of directing be decided by included arc angle .
circle i.e. curved path, 75 mm. 2) Calculate  by formula  = (r/R) x 3600.
3) Construct angle  with radius OC and draw an arc by
Generating/
Rolling Circle taking O as center OC as radius and form sector of
4 5
C2 angle .
3 6 4) Divide this sector into 8 number of equal angular
parts. And from C onward name them C1, C2, C3 up
7
2 to C8.
1 P 5) Divide smaller circle (Generating circle) also in 8
r = CP
number of equal parts. And next to P in clockwise
Directing Circle direction name those 1, 2, 3, up to 8.
6) With O as center, O-1 as radius draw an arc in the
 = r 3600 sector. Take O-2, O-3, O-4, O-5 up to O-8 distances
R
with center O, draw all concentric arcs in sector. Take
O
fixed distance C-P in compass, C1 center, cut arc of 1
at P1. Repeat procedure and locate P2, P3, P4, P5
unto P8 (as in cycloid) and join them by smooth
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 CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING CURVES
Roulettes
Hypo-Cycloid
Take diameter of rolling circle 50 mm and radius of directing circle (curved path) 75 mm

P 7
Same steps should be taken as in case of EPI –
P1
6 CYCLOID. The Only change is in numbering
1 P2 direction of 8 number of equal parts on the smaller
circle.
P3 5
2 From next to P in anticlockwise direction, name
4 P4 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.
3
P8
P5
P6 P7

r
= 3600
R
O

OC = R ( Radius of Directing Circle)

CP = r (Radius of Generating Circle)

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 CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING CURVES
Roulettes
Inferior Trochoid
The point is 5 mm away inside the periphery of a 50 mm diameter rolling circle
which roles on a straight line Solution Steps:
1) Draw circle of given diameter and draw a
horizontal line from it’s center C of length
πD and divide it in 8 number of equal parts
p4 and name them C1, C2, C3, up to C8.
4 2) Draw circle by CP radius, as in this case
p3 p5
3 5 CP is SHORTER than radius of circle.
p2
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8p6 3) Now repeat steps as per the previous
2 6
p1 p7
problem of cycloid, by dividing this new
1 7 circle into 8 number of equal parts and
P p8
drawing lines from all these points parallel
to locus of C and taking CP radius
with different positions of C as centers, cut
these lines and get different positions of P
D
and join those in curvature.

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 CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING CURVES
Roulettes
Solution Steps:
Superior Trochoid
1) Draw circle of given diameter and draw a
The point is 5 mm away from the outside periphery of a 50 mm diameter circle horizontal line from it’s center C of length
which roles on the straight line. πD and divide it in 8 number of equal parts
and name them C1, C2, C3, up to C8.
2) Draw circle by CP radius, as in this case
CP is larger than radius of circle.
4 p4 3) Now repeat steps as per the previous
problem of cycloid, by dividing this new
p3 p5
3 5 circle into 8 number of equal parts and
drawing lines from all these points parallel
to locus of C and taking CP radius with
p2 C C1 C C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 p6 different positions of C as centers, cut
2 6 2 these lines and get different positions of P
and join
p7 4) This curve is called Superior Trochoid.
1 p1 7
P D p8 NOTE: For the inferior Trochoid, you divide
the smaller circle into the desired number of
parts. And repeat the steps from the previous
examples.
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 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL, CHEMICAL
Assignment (12/10/2015)

1. A car travelling on level ground has 4 tires, each of an approximate diameter of 600 mm.
Each tire is held in place by 6 wheel nuts, arranged arranged around the wheel hub in the
pattern of a regular hexagon that can be circumscribed by a circle of diameter 300mm.
Using construction techniques, trace the path of one of the 6 wheel nuts for one complete
revolution of a tire. Represent a wheel nuts a a point.

2. Tangency problem No. 11

 ASSIGNMENT
(MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING I)
To be submitted by 16:00 GMT, 16/10/2015.

1. The figure below shows a typical Epicyclic Gear Train. Assume for the gear train shown,
the PLANET GEARS have a diameter of 50 mm each, the RING GEAR is of 250 mm
diameter (internal). Trace the path of a point on the edge of a planet gear which goes
through half a revolution, when the planet gear is rotating on the ring gear.

2. If the SUN GEAR of the same gear train is of diameter 200 mm, trace the path of a point
on the edge of a planet gear that goes through a complete revolution on the Sun Gear.