Scilab Manual for

Antenna Wave Propagation

by Mrs Nandini Ammanagi
Electronics Engineering
VESIT1

Solutions provided by
Mrs. Nandini Ammanagi
Electronics Engineering
V.E.S.I.T.

April 30, 2019

1 Funded by a grant from the National Mission on Education through ICT,

http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro. This Scilab Manual and Scilab codes
written in it can be downloaded from the ”Migrated Labs” section at the website
http://scilab.in
1
Contents

List of Scilab Solutions 3

1 SCILAB CODE FOR PATTERN MULTIPLICATION OF

TWO INFINITESIMAL DIPOLES (given d=/2,=- /2) 5

2 SCILAB CODE FOR ARRAY FACTOR PATTERN OF N

ELEMENT UNIFORM AMPLITUD EENDFIRE ARRAY 10

3 SCILAB CODE FOR ARRAY FACTOR PATTERN OF N

ELEMENT UNIFORM AMPLITUDE BROADSIDE AR-
RAY 13

4 SCILAB CODE FOR ARRAY FACTOR PATTERN OF N

ELEMENT DOLPH TSCHEBYSCHEFF ARRAY 16

5 SCILAB CODE FOR ARRAY FACTOR PATTERN OF N

ELEMENT BIONOMIAL ARRAY 19

2
List of Experiments

Solution 1.01 patternmult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Solution 1.02 patternmult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Solution 2.01 endfirearray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Solution 3.01 broadsidearray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Solution 4.01 dolpharray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Solution 5.01 binomialarray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3
List of Figures

1.1 patternmult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 patternmult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.1 endfirearray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.1 broadsidearray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4.1 dolpharray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5.1 binomialarray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4
 Experiment: 1

SCILAB CODE FOR

PATTERN
MULTIPLICATION OF TWO
INFINITESIMAL DIPOLES
(given d=/2,=- /2)

Scilab code Solution 1.01 patternmult

1 //OS v e r s i o n = ubuntu 1 6 . 0 4 LTS

2 // S c i l a b v e r s i o n 5 . 5 . 2
3
4 clear ;
5 clc ;
6
7 lambda =1; // d e f i n i n g

8
9 d = lambda /4; // d i s t a n c e
between the d i p o l e s= /4
10

5
11 k =(2* %pi ) / lambda ; // d e f i n i n g c o n s t a n t
k=2 /
12
13 beta = - ( %pi /2) ; //
d e f i n i n g beta as phase d i f f e r e n c e between the
dipoles
14
15 theta =0:0.01:2* %pi ; // t h e t a
v a r i e s from 0 t o 360
16
17 subplot (2 ,2 ,1) ;
18
19 polarplot ( theta , abs ( cos ( theta ) ) ) ; //
to plot s i n g l e element pattern
20
21 title ( ’ELEMENT PATTERN ’ ) ;
22
23 AF = cos (0.5*( d * k * cos ( theta ) + beta ) ) //
E x p r e s s i o n f o r Array f a c t o r
24
25 subplot (2 ,2 ,2) ;
26
27 polarplot ( theta , abs ( AF ) ) ;
// t o p l o t a r r a y f a c t o r p a t t e r n
28
29 title ( ’ARRAY FACTOR PATTERN ’ ) ;
30
31 subplot (2 ,2 ,3.5) ;
32
33 polarplot ( theta , abs ( cos ( theta ) ) .* abs ( AF ) ) ; // t o
plot t o t a l f i e l d of the array
34
35 title ( ’TOTAL ARRAY PATTERN ’ ) ;

6
 Figure 1.1: patternmult

Scilab code Solution 1.02 patternmult

1 //OS v e r s i o n = ubuntu 1 6 . 0 4 LTS

2 // S c i l a b v e r s i o n 5 . 5 . 2
3
4 clear ;
5 clc ;
6
7 lambda =1; // d e f i n i n g

8
9 d = lambda /4; // d i s t a n c e
between the d i p o l e s= /4
10
11 k =(2* %pi ) / lambda ; // d e f i n i n g c o n s t a n t
k=2 /
12
13 beta = 0; // d e f i n i n g b e t a
as phase d i f f e r e n c e between the d i p o l e s
14

7
15 theta =0:0.01:2* %pi ; // t h e t a
v a r i e s from 0 t o 360
16
17 subplot (2 ,2 ,1) ;
18
19 polarplot ( theta , abs ( cos ( theta ) ) ) ; //
to plot s i n g l e element pattern
20
21 title ( ’ELEMENT PATTERN ’ ) ;
22
23 AF = cos (0.5*( d * k * cos ( theta ) + beta ) ) //
E x p r e s s i o n f o r Array f a c t o r
24
25 subplot (2 ,2 ,2) ;
26
27 polarplot ( theta , abs ( AF ) ) ;
// t o p l o t a r r a y f a c t o r p a t t e r n
28
29 title ( ’ARRAY FACTOR PATTERN ’ ) ;
30
31 subplot (2 ,2 ,3.5) ;
32
33 polarplot ( theta , abs ( cos ( theta ) ) .* abs ( AF ) ) ; // t o
plot t o t a l f i e l d of the array
34
35 title ( ’TOTAL ARRAY PATTERN ’ ) ;

8
Figure 1.2: patternmult

9
 Experiment: 2

SCILAB CODE FOR ARRAY

FACTOR PATTERN OF N
ELEMENT UNIFORM
AMPLITUD EENDFIRE
ARRAY

Scilab code Solution 2.01 endfirearray

1 //OS v e r s i o n = ubuntu 1 6 . 0 4 LTS

2 // S c i l a b v e r s i o n 5 . 5 . 2
3
4 clear ;
5 clc ;
6
7 n =10; // Number o f
Elements
8
9 lambda =1; // d e f i n i n g

10
11 d = lambda /4; // d i s t a n c e

10
 between the d i p o l e s= /4
12
13 k =(2* %pi ) / lambda ; // d e f i n i n g c o n s t a n t
k=2 /
14
15 theta =0.0001:0.01:2* %pi ; //
t h e t a v a r i e s from 0 t o 360
16
17 beta1 = -( k * d ) ; // 1 =−
kd
18
19 psi = k * d .* cos ( theta ) + beta1 ; //
P r o g r e s s i v e Phase
20
21 AF = sin ( n .* psi /2) ./( n * sin ( psi /2) ) ; //
E x p r e s s i o n f o r Array F a c t o r
22
23 polarplot ( theta , AF ) ; // p l o t f o r
=−kd
24
25 beta2 = k * d ; // 2 =
kd
26
27 psi = k * d .* cos ( theta ) + beta2 ; //
P r o g r e s s i v e Phase
28
29 AF = sin ( n .* psi /2) ./( n * sin ( psi /2) ) ; //
E x p r e s s i o n f o r Array F a c t o r
30
31 xset ( ’ l i n e s t y l e ’ ,3)
32
33 polarplot ( theta , AF ) ; // p l o t
for =kd
34
35 title ( ”POLAR PLOT FOR ARRAY FACTOR PATTERN FOR N
ELEMENT UNIFORM AMPLITUDE END FIRE ARRAY CASE : N
=10 , d= /4 , =+−(Kd) ” )
36

11
 Figure 2.1: endfirearray

37 h1 = legend ( ’ =Kd ’ , ’ =−Kd ’ )

12
 Experiment: 3

SCILAB CODE FOR ARRAY

FACTOR PATTERN OF N
ELEMENT UNIFORM
AMPLITUDE BROADSIDE
ARRAY

Scilab code Solution 3.01 broadsidearray

1 //OS v e r s i o n = ubuntu 1 6 . 0 4 LTS

2 // S c i l a b v e r s i o n 5 . 5 . 2
3
4 clear ;
5 clc ;
6
7 n =10; // Number o f
Elements
8
9 lambda =1; // d e f i n i n g

10
11 d1 = lambda /4; // d i s t a n c e

13
 b e t w e e n t h e d i p o l e s d1= /4
12
13 k =(2* %pi ) / lambda ; // d e f i n i n g c o n s t a n t
k=2 /
14
15 theta =0.0001:0.01:2* %pi ; //
t h e t a v a r i e s from 0 t o 360
16
17 beta =0; // =0
18
19 psi = k * d1 * cos ( theta ) + beta ; //
P r o g r e s s i v e Phase
20
21 AF = sin ( n .* psi /2) ./( n * sin ( psi /2) ) ; //
E x p r e s s i o n f o r Array F a c t o r
22
23 polarplot ( theta , AF ) ; // p l o t f o r
d1= /4
24
25 d2 = lambda ; // d i s t a n c e
b e t w e e n t h e d i p o l e s d2=
26
27 psi = k * d2 * cos ( theta ) + beta ; //
P r o g r e s s i v e Phase
28
29 AF = sin ( n .* psi /2) ./( n * sin ( psi /2) ) ; //
E x p r e s s i o n f o r Array F a c t o r
30
31 xset ( ’ l i n e s t y l e ’ ,3)
32
33 polarplot ( theta , AF ) ; // p l o t
f o r d2=
34
35 title ( ”POLAR PLOT FOR ARRAY FACTOR PATTERN FOR N
ELEMENT UNIFORM AMPLITUDE BROADSIDE ARRAY CASE : N
=10 , d= /4 and d= , =0” )
36
37 h1 = legend ( ’ d= /4 ’ , ’ d= ’)

14
Figure 3.1: broadsidearray

15
 Experiment: 4

SCILAB CODE FOR ARRAY

FACTOR PATTERN OF N
ELEMENT DOLPH
TSCHEBYSCHEFF ARRAY

Scilab code Solution 4.01 dolpharray

1 //OS v e r s i o n = ubuntu 1 6 . 0 4 LTS

2 // S c i l a b v e r s i o n 5 . 5 . 2
3
4 clear ;
5 clc ;
6
7 lambda =1; // d e f i n i n g

8
9 d1 = lambda /4; // d i s t a n c e
b e t w e e n t h e d i p o l e s d1= /4
10
11 theta =0:0.01:2* %pi ; // Theta v a r i e s from 0
t o 360
12

16
13 u1 =( %pi * d1 / lambda ) .* cos ( theta ) ; // u1 =
d1 / ∗cos
14
15 AF1 =2.798.* cos ( u1 ) +2.496.* cos (3.* u1 ) +1.974.* cos (5.*
u1 ) +1.357.* cos (7.* u1 ) + cos (9.* u1 ) ;
16 // e x p r e s s i o n f o r a r r a y f a c t o r
p a t t e r n f o r N=10 , 2M=10
17
18 p = get ( ” h d l ” ) ; // g e t h a n d l e
on c u r r e n t e n t i t y ( h e r e t h e p o l y l i n e e n t i t y )
19
20 p . line_style =1;
21
22 polarplot ( theta , AF1 ) // p l o t p o l a r p l o t
23
24 d2 = lambda /2; // d i s t a n c e
b e t w e e n t h e d i p o l e s d2= /2
25
26 u2 =( %pi * d2 / lambda ) .* cos ( theta ) ; // u2 =
d2 / ∗cos
27
28 AF2 =2.798.* cos ( u2 ) +2.496.* cos (3.* u2 ) +1.974.* cos (5.*
u2 ) +1.357.* cos (7.* u2 ) + cos (9.* u2 ) ;
29 // e x p r e s s i o n f o r a r r a y f a c t o r
p a t t e r n f o r N=10 , 2M=10
30
31 p . line_style =8;
32
33 title ( ’POLAR PLOT OF ARRAY FACTOR PATTERN OF N
ELEMENT DOLPH TSCHEBYSCHEFF ARRAY CASE : N=10 and
d = /4 , /2 ’ ) ;
34
35
36 polarplot ( theta , AF2 ) // p l o t p o l a r p l o t
37
38 hl = legend ( ’ d = /4 ’ , ’ d = /2 ’ ) ;

17
Figure 4.1: dolpharray

18
 Experiment: 5

SCILAB CODE FOR ARRAY

FACTOR PATTERN OF N
ELEMENT BIONOMIAL
ARRAY

Scilab code Solution 5.01 binomialarray

1 //OS v e r s i o n = ubuntu 1 6 . 0 4 LTS

2 // S c i l a b v e r s i o n 5 . 5 . 2
3
4 clear ;
5 clc ;
6
7 theta =0:0.001:2* %pi ; // t h e t a
v a r i e s from 0 t o 360
8
9 lambda =1; // d e f i n i n g

10
11 d1 = lambda /4; // d i s t a n c e

19
 Figure 5.1: binomialarray

b e t w e e n t h e d i p o l e s d1= /4
12
13 u1 =( %pi * d1 / lambda ) .* cos ( theta ) ; // u1 =
d1 / ∗cos
14
15 AF1 =126.* cos ( u1 ) +84.* cos (3* u1 ) +36.* cos (5* u1 ) +9.* cos
(7* u1 ) + cos (9* u1 ) ; // e x p r e s s i o n f o r

// a r r a y f a c t o r N=10 , N=2M, AF= an c o s ( 2 n −1)u

f o r n=1 t o M
16 p = get ( ” h d l ” ) ; // g e t h a n d l e on
current e n t i t y ( here the p o l y l i n e e n t i t y )
17
18 p . line_style =1;
19
20 polarplot ( theta , AF1 ) // p o l a r p l o t o f AF
21
22 d2 = lambda /2 // d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n t h e
d i p o l e s d2= /2
23

20
24 u2 =( %pi * d2 / lambda ) .* cos ( theta ) ; // u2 =
d2 / ∗cos
25
26 AF2 =126.* cos ( u2 ) +84.* cos (3* u2 ) +36.* cos (5* u2 ) +9.* cos
(7* u2 ) + cos (9* u2 ) ; // e x p r e s s i o n f o r
27 //
array

factor

28
29 p . line_style =8;
30
31 polarplot ( theta , AF2 ) // p o l a r p l o t o f AF
32
33
34 d3 =3* lambda /4 // d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n t h e
d i p o l e s d3= 3 /4
35
36 u3 =( %pi * d3 / lambda ) .* cos ( theta ) ; //
u3 = d3 / ∗cos
37
38 AF3 =126.* cos ( u3 ) +84.* cos (3* u3 ) +36.* cos (5* u3 ) +9.* cos
(7* u3 ) + cos (9* u3 ) ; // e x p r e s s i o n f o r
39 //
array

factor

40
41 p . line_style =2;
42
43 polarplot ( theta , AF3 )

// p o l a r p l o t o f AF
44

21
45 d4 = lambda // d i s t a n c e
b e t w e e n t h e d i p o l e s d4=
46
47 u4 =( %pi * d4 / lambda ) .* cos ( theta ) ; // u4
= d4 / ∗cos
48
49 AF4 =126.* cos ( u4 ) +84.* cos (3* u4 ) +36.* cos (5* u4 ) +9.* cos
(7* u4 ) + cos (9* u4 ) ; // e x p r e s s i o n f o r
50 // a r r a y
factor
51
52 p . line_style =6;
53
54 polarplot ( theta , AF4 ) // p o l a r p l o t o f
AF
55
56 title ( ’POLAR PLOT OF ARRAY FACTOR PATTERN OF N
ELEMENT BINOMIAL ARRAY CASE : N=10 and d = /4 ,
/2 , 3 /4 , ’ );
57
58 hl = legend ( ’ d = /4 ’ ; ’ d = /2 ’ ; ’ d = 3 /4 ’ ; ’ d =
’ );

22