FTB35303 DT & NDT

LAB 1 REPORT - BEND TEST

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 26 APRIL 2019

GROUP / SEMESTER: QMDM 1 / JANUARY 2019

LECTURER: DR. MAHAMAD NOOR BIN WAHAB

GROUP MEMBER:

NO NAME ID NUMBER
1 MUHAMMAD SYAHMI SAFIN BIN SOHAIMI 50215217060
2 MOHD SHARULNIZAM BIN MOHD SAUPI 50215217037

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 3

2.0 OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................. 4

3.0 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 5

3.1 MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT ......................................................................... 5

3.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES ...................................................................... 6

4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION .................................................................................... 8

5.0 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 11

6.0 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 12

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this lab experimental was to apply the bend test for four (4) specimen from
the same materials but different in welding process in order to determined, compare the
mechanical properties of a mild steel and determine the stress-strain relationship in them. The
basics on the operation of bend testing machine were also learnt during this experiment. The
Bend Testing machine can be used to determine the tensile strengths of many engineering
materials.
Regarding the engineering applications related to this lab experiment, we found out that
this test is usually use in order to choose which material is better when you are planning to
build something. Also, by performing this lab experiment, we were able to see that different
type of welding process, parameter GMAW and SMAW machine setup, heat input, travel
speed and strength of weld metal on both specimen were also determined.
The bending test is a ductility test which is employed to evaluate the ability of metallic
materials to undergo plastic deformation in bending. The test consists of submitting a test piece
of round, square, rectangular, or polygonal cross-section to plastic deformation by bending,
without changing the direction of loading, until a specified angle of bend is reached.

where :

M – the moment at the neutral axis

Y – the perpendicular distance to the neutral axis
I – the area moment of inertia about the neutral axis x
σ – the normal stress in the member, which occurs at a point on the cross-sectional area farthest
away from the neutral axis.
R – the radius of curvature
E – Young’s Modulus

Figure 1: Bend Testing

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2.0 OBJECTIVES

I. To develop an understanding of the methodology of bend testing.

II. To study the basics of bend testing.
III. To investigate any discontinuity upon the specimen weld metal.

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3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

I. Universal Testing Machine

II. Ruler
III. Scriber
IV. 4 pieces specimen of Mild Steel (Steel Plate)
V. Hand Grinder
VI. Personal Safety Equipment (PPE)

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 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Thickness Width
< 6 mm < 50 mm

Figure 2: Measurements of specimen

Set – Up Machine
1) Turn on the power supply breaker of testing machine.
2) Turn on the power switch

Procedure
1) Place the specimen on the testing machine supports SMAW (face) facing upward, (root)
facing downward.
2) Start the test by pressing the “START” button and apply a continuously increasing
bending force through the mandrel in the middle of the test piece until a specified
displacement is achieved and press the stop button.
3) Then remove the specimen. Repeat step 2 with SMAW (root) facing upward, (face)
facing downward. By placing each sample in the universal testing machine, the bend test
was conducted and results were observed.

Figure 2: Measurements of specimen

Shut-Down Procedure
1) Turn OFF the power switch and Turn OFF the power supply circuit breaker.

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4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The result obtained from the universal testing machine shows the difference in rates of
extensions on each sample specimen which were on different welding process. When subjected
to same amount of load, there was relatively a different crack on each specimen.
This can be attributed to the difference in strength of the four sample specimen upon the
weld metal. As the results shown in figure 4, sample specimen 1 & 2, which is reach it yield
point has more than 3.12 mm acceptance value.
Unlikely on the sample specimen 3 and 4 on figure 6 and 7, that has low or less than 3.12
mm of crack on the weld metal. Hence, it can been seen that sample specimen 3 and 4 has high
bend strength compared to sample specimen 1 and 2. This result shown that both sample
specimen 3 and 4 is accepted and passes the requirement in terms of bending strength because
both of the weld metal strength were higher than base metal itself.

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Defect on the weld metal sample 1 (SMAW)

Figure 4: Sample Specimen 1

Defect on the weld metal sample 2 (SMAW)

Figure 5: Sample Specimen 2

Defect on the weld metal sample 3 (SMAW)

Figure 6: Sample Specimen 3

Discontinuity on the weld metal sample 4 (SMAW)

Figure 7: Sample Specimen 4

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5.0 CONCLUSION

From this test, it shows that a great welding technique is important to get a desired strength
upon the joining of materials and determine a reasonable value for the modulus of elasticity.
This explains the wide applications of codes and standard in parameter for welding works
required in many constructions and other fabrication for make sure the joining has standard
and the material properties data has been recorded well.
The specimens with same working length but different weld process and parameter give
different value of flexural strength, maximum flexural strain and flexural modulus. The
students get more understanding about the mechanics of materials especially in flexural
properties.

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6.0 REFERENCES

1) Strength and Testing of Materials (ENGR211204), Experiment of Bending Test., Spring

2017.
2) Eugene Shapiro, Bending Testing pg.172-184, 2000.
3) Mechanical Properties and Testing of Polymers, Springer, G.M.Swallowe, © Springer
Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1999

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