Problem 3.

12
Water flows around the vertical two-dimensional bend with circular streamlines and constant ve-
locity as shown in the figure below. If the pressure is 40kPa at point (1), determine the pressures
at points (2) and (3). Assume that the velocity profile is uniform as indicated.

Solution 3.12
dz p V 2 dz m
   with  1 and V  10 .
dn n R dn s
Thus, with R  6  n
dp V 2
   or
dn 6n
n n n
dp V 2 dn
 dn dn     dn   6n
n 0 n 0 n 0
So that since  and V are constants
n
dn
p  p1   n  V 
2

n 0
6n
Thus,
6
p  p1   n  V 2 ln( )
6n
N kg m 6
With p1  40kPa and n2  1m
 : p2  40kPa  9.8 103 3
  999
(1m) (10 ) 2 ln( )
3
m m s 5
or p2  12.0kPa
N kg m 6
and with p1  40kPa and n3  2m : p3  40kPa  9.80 103 3
(2m)  999 3
(10 ) 2 ln( )
m m s 4
or p3  20.1kPa

Problem 3.14
Water in a container and air in a tornado flow in horizontal circular streamlines of radius r and
speed V as shown in the figure below. Determine the radial pressure gradient, dp / dr ,needed
ft
for the following situations: (a) The fluid is water with r  3 in. and V  0.8 . (b) The fluid is
s
air with r  300ft and V  200mph .

Solution 3.14
For curved streamlines,
dp V 2 dz dz d d
   ,or with  0 (horizontal streamlines), R  r , and 
dn R dn dn dn dr
this becomes
dp V 2

dr r
3 ft slugs
(a) With r  ft and V  0.8 and water (   1.94 3 ) ,
12 s ft
slugs ft
1.94 3 (0.8 )2
dp ft s slugs lb
  4.97 2 2  4.97 3
dr 3
ft ft  s ft
12
ft
88
(b) With r  300ft and V  200mph( s )  293 ft
60mph s
slug
and air (   0.00238 3 ) ,
ft
slugs ft
0.00238 3 (293 )2
dp ft s slugs lb
  0.681 2 2  0.681 3
dr 300ft ft  s ft
Problem 3.36
Streams of water from two tanks impinge upon each other as shown in the figure below. If vis-
cous effects are negligible and point A is a stagnation point, determine the height h .

Solution 3.36
p2 V22 p V2
  z2  A  A  z A , where p2  0 , V2  0 , z2  h  20ft , VA  0 , and z A  20ft
 2g  2g
Thus,
pA
h  20ft=  20ft

or
pA
h= (1)

Also,
p1 V12 p V2
  z1  A  A  z A , where p1  25psi , V1  0 , z1  8ft
 2g  2g
Thus,
p A p1
  z1  z A which when combined with Eq. (1) gives
 
lb in.2
25 2 (144 2 )
p in. ft  8ft  20ft  45.7ft
h  1  z1  z A 
 lb
62.4 3
ft
Problem 3.51
Air is drawn into a wind tunnel used for testing automobiles as shown in the figure below (a)
Determine the manometer reading, h , when the velocity in the test section is mph . Note that
there is a 1‐ in. column of oil on the water in the manometer. (b) Determine the difference be-
tween the stagnation pressure on the front of the automobile and the pressure in the test section.

Solution 3.51

p1 V12 p V2
(a)   z1  2  2  z2 , where z1  z2 , p1  0 , and V1  0
 2g  2g
Thus, with
ft
V2  60mph  88 ,
s
p2 V22
 or
 2g
1 1 slugs ft lb
p2   V22   (0.00238 3 )(88 )2  9.22 2
2 2 ft s ft
1 lb lb
But p2   H 2O h   oil  ft)  0 where  oil  0.9 H 2O  0.9(62.4 3 )  56.2 3
12 ft ft
Thus,
lb lb lb 1
 2  62.4 3 (hft)  56.2 3 ( ft)  0 , or h  0.223 ft
ft ft ft 12
p2 V22 p3 V2
(b)  z2    z3  3 , where z2  z3 , and V3  0
 2g  2g
Thus,
p2 V22 p3
  or
 2g 
1 1 slugs ft lb
p3  p2  V22  (0.00238 3 )(88 )2  9.22 2
2 2 ft s ft
Problem 3.67
Water is siphoned from a tank as shown in the figure below. Determine the flowrate and the
pressure at point A , a stagnation point.

Solution 3.67

p1 V12 p2 V22
 z   z2 , where p1 p2 0 , z1 3m , z2 0 , and V1 0
J 2g 1 J 2g
Thus,
m m
V2 2 gz1 2(9.81 2
)(3m) 7.67
s s
or
S m m3
Q A2V2 m 2  ) 9.64 u103
4 s s
Also,
p1 V12 p A VA2
  z1   z where VA 0 and z A 0
J 2g J 2g A
Thus,
pA kN
z1 or p A J z1 9.80 3 (3m) 29.4kPa
J m
Problem 3.75

Water flows steadily through the variable area pipe shown in the figure below with negligible
viscous effects. Determine the manometer reading, H , if the flowrate is 0.4 m3 s and the den-
sity of the manometer fluid is 500 kg m3 .

Solution 3.75

From the Bernoulli equation,

p1 V12 p2 V22
 z    z2 , where z1  z2 .
 2g 1  2g

Thus,


p2  p1 
2g
V
1
2

 V22 
1
2

 V12  V22  (1)

m3 m3
0.4 0.4
But, Q  AV
Q s  8 m and V  Q  s  5.71 m
1 1  A2V2 so that V1   2 2
A1 0.05 m s A2 0.07 m2 s

Hence, from Eq. (1)

 kg  m 
1  2
kg   m   m
2  2 
3 s   15.7 103 N
p2  p1   999 3   8    5.71    15.7 10 (2)
2 m   s   s   m 2
m2
For the manometer,

p1   H 2O h   man H  p2   H 2O  h  H  so that

   
p2  p1   H 2O  h  H    H 2O h   man H   H 2O   man H  g H 2O  man H (3)

Hence, from Eqs (2) and (3):

N m kg kg 
15.7 103  9.81 2
999 3  500 3  H or H  3.21 m
m 2
s  m m 
Problem 3.98
JP-4 fuel ( SG 0.77 ) flows through the Venturi meter shown in the figure below with a velocity
ft
of 15 in the 6-in. pipe. If viscous effects are negligible, determine the elevation, h , of the
s
fuel in the open tube connected to the throat of the Venturi meter.

Solution 3.98

p1 V12 p2 V22 8 ft
 z   z2 , where z1 0, z2 ft, and V2 15 (1)
J 2g 1 J 2g 12 s

Also, AV
1 1 A2V2

or
 2 2
A2 § D2 · § 6in. · § ft · ft
V1 V2 ¨ ¸ V2 ¨ ¸ ¨15 ¸ 33.75
A1 © D1 ¹ © 4in. ¹ © s¹ s

p2
Thus, with 6 ft Eq.(1) becomes
J

2 2
§ ft · § ft ·
p1 ¨©
33.75 ¸ ¨15 ¸
s¹
6 ft  ©
s¹ 8
  ft
J § ft · § ft · 12
2 ¨ 32.2 2 ¸ 2 ¨ 32.2 2 ¸
© s ¹ © s ¹

or

p1
7.53 ft
J

p1
But h so that h 7.53 ft
J
Problem 3.124
Water flows in a rectangular channel that is 2.0 m wide as shown in the figure below. The up-
stream depth is 70 mm . The water surface rises 40 mm as it passes over a portion where the
channel bottom rises 10 mm . If viscous effects are negligible, what is the flowrate?

Solution 3.124

p1 V12 p V2
  z1  2  2  z2 , where p1  0, p2  0, z1  0.07 m, (1)
 2g  2g

and z2  (0.01  0.10) m  0.11 m

Also,

1 1  A2V2
AV

or

h1 0.07 m
V2  V1  V1  0.7V1
h2 0.10 m

Thus, Eq.(1) becomes

1  0.72  V12  2  9.81 m   0.11  0.7  m or V1  1.24 m

Hence,
3
 m m
Q  AV
1 1  (0.07 m)(2.0 m) 1.24   0.174
 s  s