Lyari areas getting contaminated water

KARACHI, July 2: Most households along either side of Fida Hussain Shaikha Road and Saifi Lane in Baghdadi area of Lyari
have been getting contaminated water for the past two weeks and some of the affected families are complaining of filthy water
being supplied to them, probably due to damaged pipelines resulting in mixing of sewage.

A survey of the locality shows that around 500 households are affected by the problem.
Residents of the area said that a number of people, especially children and elderly persons, had been suffering from acute
abdominal pain and nausea after consuming the contaminated water.
“We have brought the issue to the notice of the concerned officials and also held peaceful rallies, but they have not yet
managed to rectify the fault,” said a resident of Saifi Lane.

Residents of the area called for immediate action to plug the leakages to avert the threat of gastroenteritis in the locality.

Meanwhile, people living along D.D. Chaudhry Road and around the Lyari Telephone Exchange in Baghdadi have complained
of an acute shortage of water. They said the water issue had been lingering on in the locality despite repeated requests made
to higher authorities for a permanent solution.
They deplored that their complaints and reminders sent to the relevant authorities over many years had been falling on deaf
ears as no step had so far been taken to resolve the chronic problem that had been affecting more than 5,000 people of this
locality.
“The area remains without water during summers and the situation is getting worse with each passing day forcing people to
resort to agitation,” they said.

They held the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) responsible for the situation, and pointed out that due to their
neglect most pumping stations in the locality were lying out of order for long.

Similar complaints were made by the residents of Shah Beg Lane union council areas where the worst-affected locality
appeared to be Ali Mohammad Mohalla, facing the problem for more than a decade. The other affected localities included
Daryabad and Nawabad.
The affected people said that they had constantly been raising a hue and cry for years but the chronic water shortage problem
persisted.
(Dawn-14, 03/07/2006)

Work on 400 watercourses under way in Gadap Town

KARACHI, July 9: Naib Nazim Nasreen Jalil has said that work on cementing 400 watercourses is underway in rural areas of
Gadap Town at a cost of Rs120 million.Talking to Gadap Town Nazim Ghulam Murtaza Baloch in her office, she said that
hundred thousand acres of land would be cultivated after the completion of this project.

Nasreen Jalil said that work had also been initiated for establishment of a recreational spot on 100-acre area near Thado Dam
where 55,000 saplings had already been planted. She said that present local government had a vision to provide the same
facilities to the goths and undeveloped parts of the city as were available to the posh areas.

She said that this was the reason that City Nazim Mustafa Kamal decided to make ‘Goth Infrastructure Fund’ for which initially
Rs200 million had been allocated in the budget 2006-07.
She said more small dams were being constructed in Gadap Town while the work on building water tanks had also been
resumed by the present city government.

Nasreen Jalil said that Town Nazims should get the development works completed which had been initiated by the UC Nazims
so that maximum facilities could be provided to the people.

UC Nazims Ahsan Siddiqui, Asif Siddiqui, Sher Afgan, Arif Bhati and Syed Abu Talib were also present on the occasion.

LYARI: On special directives of Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz, a utility store has been established in Baghdadi area of Lyari on
Sunday to give relief to its residents.The inauguration of the store was performed by MPA Tayyab Hashmi. The 42nd utility
store in the city has been established with a view to make food items available to the people at less than market rates. Atta has
been made available at the store at Rs123 per 10kg, sugar Rs27.50 per kg and pulses Rs10 less per kg than the market rate.

SHAH FAISAL: The carpeting of Thana Road in Shah Faisal Colony No2 started on Sunday.
Speaking on the occasion, Shah Faisal Town Nazim Muhammad Imran said that the road carpeting work would be completed
in 48 hours. He said with coordination and consultation of people, the provision of basic amenities had been ensured in areas
facing severe problems.

He assured that work on road construction in all areas of Shah Faisal Town would be initiated soon and in this regard stage-
wise plan had been finalised.Naib Nazim Ali Akber, TMO Barkaat Ahmed Rizvi, Town Infrastructure Officer Wakil Ahmed and
others were also present.
(Dawn-18, 10/07/2006)

Govt asked to declare clean water basic human right

ISLAMABAD, July 10: Speakers at a seminar here on Monday expressed grave concerns over the thousands of deaths caused
by contaminated water every year in Pakistan and demanded of the government to declare clean potable water as the basic
human rights of every individual.
Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) had organised a seminar on “The Killer Water: State’s Role and
Responsibilities”.

Speaking on the occasion, water experts asked the government to ensure effective supply of clean drinking water to masses
across the board by eliminating rural and urban divide. They said it was a matter of great shame for the country that almost half
of the beds in the country’s hospitals were being occupied by waterborne disease patients in the 21st century.
They asked that how could a country without a basic amenity like water claim to have been busy in eradicating poverty and
ensuring public health.

A German development consultant, Nils Rosemann, said access to improved drinking water supply was not only a basic need
but also a basic human right and must be respected.

Expressing his dissatisfaction over official data which presented a rosy picture of the state of affairs in Pakistan, he said water
crisis was too deep in the country and needed to be fought back on war footings.

While referring to his own study, Mr Rosemann said nearly 75 per cent of the population or some 125 million people in Pakistan
had no access to clean drinking water. The situation was worse in rural areas compared to urban.

He suggested a three-track strategy i.e short-term and long- term plans and water governance, to solve water crisis in the
country. He recommended purification, pollution control and improvement and maintenance in existing water networks and
infrastructure as a short-term strategy to maintain the supply of clean drinking water to people.
He advocated local knowledge and water management as a long- term solution. He raised the issue of improving water
governance, including regulation of ground water extraction and use. The three tracks needed sufficient investment in water
sector and if the required investment was not done, it would be tantamount to human right violation, he stressed.

Tariq Masud Malik of the Network said people were dying due to consumption of contaminated water across the country but
there was a callous apathy on the part of the government toward this crisis.
He said though legislations regarding the availability of clean water were available in Pakistan, lack of implementation had
never allowed those legislations to benefit people. The government was doing lip service and nothing had happened on the
ground.

Mr Malik criticised the National Water Policy and said the government had not done proper consultations with all the
stakeholders. He also criticised the government’s decision to provide 6,000 water filtration plants, covering nearly all the union
councils in the country by 2007, and said it was not a solution to the problem.

The operational and maintenance costs of the plants were very high. He urged the government to set water as a top priority. He
said first the government should do proper survey and establish the exact number of people with no access to clean water
rather than making tall claims.

The Capital Development Authority (CDA)’s director water supply, Jamilur Rehman, narrated the initiatives of the authority to
produce and supply clean drinking water to the residents of the federal capital. He discussed in details the sources and types of
water-borne diseases.

The CDA, Mr Rehman added, took extra efforts and tested and cross-tested the water before supplying it to the consumers.
“The CDA is supplying 100 per cent clean water which is properly treated as per the World Health Organisation’s standards,”
he claimed.

Besides CDA’s own testing, he said, the National Institute of Health (NIH) and Pakistan Council for Research in Water
Resources (PCRWR) were also periodically cross-checking the water.
(Dawn-2, 11/07/2006)

Shortage of water in Keamari, Lyari

KARACHI, July 11: Residents of coastal towns in Keamari Town have threatened to block the Hawksbay Road by staging a sit-
in if authorities fail to resolve water supply problem in the area.

In a communication signed by community-based organizations and UC councillors and sent to higher authorities for appropriate
action, representatives of these organizations pointed out that there was an acute water shortage in Shamspir, Kaka Village,
Yunisabad and areas situated along Sandspit Road and area people had held a peaceful rally on June 26 outside Karachi
Press Club to give vent to their grievances.
“We have been crying for water for the last six months, but so far nothing has been done and the situation is turning from bad to
worse,” they said and warned that if there was no improvement and normal water supply was not restored within three days,
they would have no other option, but to stage a sit-in on Hawkesbay Road.

The communication has been signed by General Secretary Abubakar of Shamspir Welfare Association, Haji Mohammad Yunis,
head of Yunisbad and director of Fishermen Cooperative Society, Abdul Ghani, a labour councillor of UC-4 Baba Bhit Keamari
Town, Abdul Hameed Hussain, General Councillor UC-4 Baba Bhitt.

LYARI Town: Water shortage persists in union council areas of Baghdadi and Shah Beg in Lyari Town and resentment among
people of many localities is growing and in several areas, including Saifi Lane and adjoining areas of both sides of Fidha
Husain Sheika Road, the problem is aggravating to the extent of a crisis.

According to the residents of Baghdadi, normal water supply to the locality has been stopped for the past two weeks and
instead contaminated water is being supplied.
(Dawn-18, 12/07/2006)

KWSB to issue monthly water, sewerage bills

KARACHI, July 14: The KWSB will soon be issuing monthly water and sewerage charges bills to its over 1.4 million consumers
from July discarding old practice of annual billing system,
The bills, to be issued and collected on monthly basis from the current month, would also include conservancy charges and fire
tax.

Unlike other utility organisations, such as KESC, PTCL and SSGC, the KWSB is reportedly actively considering its finance
department’s proposal of passing the burden of bank service charges which comes to Rs10 per month per bill to its consumers.
However, with a view to facilitating the consumers, the KWSB has designated as many 400 branches of five banks where
consumers can deposit their water bills.

Prior to this, only one bank with 68 braches was authorised to collect these bills. The banks with which the KWSB has now
made arrangements of collecting its bills from its consumers include United Bank, Allied Bank, Habib Bank, Muslim Commercial
Bank, My Bank and the NBP’s Awami Markaz branch.

Commenting on the proposal of charging bank service charges, which if approved by the higher authorities, will have to be paid
by consumers, experts said the KWSB would be required to invite public opinion or objections with regard to its proposal before
giving it a final shape.

“In fact, under the Sindh Local Council Imposition of Tax Rules-2002, the KWSB is required to get its proposal approved from
the City Council and the council before according an approval to the proposal would have to form a committee for inviting public
opinion on the issue through the press,” they opined.Elaborating, they said the consumers residing in 60 square yards houses
would be the worst sufferers as they would be required to pay additional Rs120 per year under the head of bank service
charges against their annual water charges bill which will be a little over Rs312.

Referring to the KWSB’s decision of switching over to monthly billing system from annual billing system, sources in the KWSB
said the decision is aimed at saving consumers from depositing hefty annual water and sewerage charges bills in lump sum.

“In fact, with the switching over to monthly billing system, the consumers will heave a sigh of relief as it will be more easier for
them to clear their bills every month,” the sources said, adding under the new system the KWSB would also be able to improve
its financial position.

TESTING LAB: The mobile meter testing laboratory of the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) meant for measuring
the discharge and flow of water from supply lines has started its function from Friday, adds PPI.

KWSB Managing Director Brig Iftikhar Haider inaugurated the laboratory here at the water meter division. The testing laboratory
is equipped with the latest meter testing equipment and ultrasonic device which can measure the flow of water from half inch to
80 inch diameter pipelines.
This laboratory would help to check big meters of water supply, discharge and flow of water at site. This would also help
redress the complaints of excessive billing.

Chief Engineer-II Najam Alam Siddiqui, Deputy Project Manager Tameer Karachi Programme Farrukh Naeem and other
officials of the KWSB were also present on the occasion.
(By Azizullah Sharif, Dawn-18, 15/07/2006)

Water scarcity in Orangi areas

KARACHI, July 16: Non-availability of water in parts of Orangi Town’s Raja Tanveer Colony, Tori Bangash Colony and other
adjoining areas has been causing sufferings to people, and the situation has worsened to such an extent that it may result in
law and order problem.

Area people said water supply line had been laid in the locality about eight years back, but there was no water supply.
Mohammad Ali Khan Mahsood, a social worker, said that the notables of the area had repeatedly held meetings with the
authorities concerned and elected members, but despite their commitments, the problems were yet to be resolved.
The people, he said, had been buying water from tankers at exorbitant prices and some times, especially during the hot
season, they have to run after the water tankers.

The people are of the opinion that the above-mentioned localities are part of Orangi town and the authorities concerned were
morally bound to provide them water.
“The commissioning of the K-111 water project should have eased the problem, but the situation otherwise,” they said.

Mehsood demanded that the government should meet the genuine demands of the people, and remove the prevailing unrest
among the residents, adding if their problems were not resolved, the people would have no other option except to stage protest
demonstrations.

Meanwhile, the delay in reconstruction of main Orangi road has caused problems for motorists. The pace of work on the roads
is very slow, and always creates hurdles in the smooth flow of traffic system, which sometimes forces transporters to change
their routes for their convenience against the will of passengers. Work on the road was started a decade ago, but it could not be
completed for reasons best known to authorities.
The sanitation system has also been affected badly, and sewage overflows are a common sight.
(Dawn-14, 17/07/2006)

Reactivation of 800 water, sewerage schemes

KARACHI, July 17: Sindh Chief Secretary Fazlur Rehman on Monday directed the public health engineering department to take
immediate steps for reactivating 800 water supply and sewerage schemes across the province so that people could get benefit
of such facilities.
He was presiding over a meeting at his office, which reviewed the progress of a project aimed at providing facilities of potable
water to citizens at union council level.

The meeting was informed that out of 124 filter plants installed in Sindh by the federal environment department only 19 were
functional. It was decided that physical survey of these water filter plants would be undertaken within 15 days so that the matter
could be taken up with federal authorities for making rest of the filter plants operational.
It was further informed that the documents pertaining to the memorandum of understanding with regard to these filter plants
had been sent to the respective Taluka/town municipal administrations.

The paperwork for initiating second phase of the project was underway and services of district implementation committees
would be sought for the installation of more filter plants by the end of August after identifying the sites for the same.
The chief secretary directed all the DCOs to take up the task on priority basis. He asked the director-general of public health
engineering department, to undertake survey of 100 water supply and sewerage schemes of Badin district and submit a
detailed report at least of 10 out of 100 schemes on priority basis within a month so that steps could be taken for their
reactivation.

Additional Chief Secretary (Planning & Development) Ghulam Sarwar Khero, Secretary Planning Muhammad Hashim Leghari,
Secretary Implementation Nazar Hussain Mahar, Special Secretary (Technical) Rehana G. Memon, Secretary Irrigation Mazhar
Ali Shah, Secretary Environment Iqbal Dewan and other officials attended the meeting.
(Dawn-18, 18/07/2006)

Drinking Water Projects

Districts asked to submit report by 25th
KARACHI: The Sindh government has directed all the district administrations to submit report by 25th July regarding provision
of safe drinking water to the general public in their respective districts.

Disclosing this sources said Sindh Chief Secretary Fazlur Rehman issued this directive to all the DCOs on Tuesday, adding
that the federal govt has fixed July 30 for the completion of reports about safe drinking water projects.
The chief secretary has directed all the district administrations that the safe drinking water projects of the federal government
bear immense significance and Islamabad was being monitored at a very high level so these projects be completed within the
timeframe as per the project document.

The local government and Public Engineering Wing have already carried out an exercise to select the proposed site in all the
districts for the project, besides the site was approved by the District Implementation Committee headed by DCO and duly
notified by the Sindh govt.

According to the programme, the selection exercise had to be completed by July 30 as per timeframe fixed by the federal
government.

The Chief Secretary has directed the DCOs to ensure that recommendations of District Implementation Committee were
finalized and communicated to the Project Director, PPIU Sindh, Public Engineering Officer (local government) by July 25 so
that the information could be conveyed to the federal government in time.
(The News-4, 19/07/2006)

KWSB to have its own power plant

KARACHI, July 19: City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal has said that the foundation stone of a power plant for generation of
35MW electricity would be laid on Aug 14.
The power plant would be set up on 100 per cent foreign investment, he said while talking to a delegation of Chinese IPPR
Engineering Company, led by its Vice-President Li Wei Cheng, at the KWSB office on Wednesday. KWSB Managing Director
Brig Iftikhar Hyder, Deputy Managing Director (Planning) Shahid Saleem and other officials were also present on the occasion.

It was pointed out that establishment of the power generation plant would prove advantageous to the KWSB as the water
supply position would improve considerably with minimum chances of loadshedding at its pumping stations. Besides, the
KWSB would be provided electricity at cheaper rate.

At present, the KWSB is buying electricity from the KESC at Rs5 per KV while after the installation of the power plant the water
board will be supplied electricity at Rs4 per KV for the first 15 years. Afterwards, the water board would get electricity at the rate
of Rs3.75 per KV for 10 years, which would save Rs245 million of the KWSB without investing any capital in the project. After
25 years, the gas operated plant would be handed over to the KWSB, the meeting was informed.

Mustafa Kamal said that the company should be provided all required facilities which in turn would not only result in power
saving but also contribute to overcome power shortage in the metropolis.It may be mentioned that the water board had sought
offers for the power generation plant on BOT basis in December 2002. Seven companies gave their offers. The NESPAK was
appointed as consultant for the project in January 2005 and guidelines were issued thereof.

Soon after taking over as nazim, Mustafa Kamal issued directive for speeding up the work on this project and the KWSB
selected the offer of Chinese company among all others keeping in view the project economics in the light of guidelines given.
At present, though the KWSB requires 28MW power supply, the approval for setting up a 35MW power plant had been given
keeping in view all future needs.
(Dawn-17, 20/07/2006)

City’s first filter plant inaugurated

KARACHI, July 20: The city nazim, Syed Mustafa Kamal inaugurated the city’s first filter plant in Gulshan-i-Iqbal, set up by the
Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) in collaboration with a Canadian and a local firm here on Thursday.

Talking to the residents of the Civic View Apartments, the nazim, who is also the chairman of the KWSB said that the provision
of hygienic water to all the areas of the city was the top priority of the city government and in this regards a number of projects
had already been completed while others were either currently under way or in the pipeline.

Some of these projects include completion of the K-3 project, whereby the city had got additional 100 million gallons of water
per day, replacement of all the worn-out pipelines, KWSB’s own power plant to be set up at Dhabeji for overcoming
loadshedding problems at its pumping stations, setting up of mini filter plants at UCs’ level, etc., he added.

KWSB Managing Director Brig Iftikhar Haider, Gulshan Town’s Naib Nazim Shoaib Akhtar, KWSB’s chief engineer (zone-II)
Najm-i-Alam Sidiqqui, superintending engineer Fahim Akhtar Zaidi and others were also present on the occasion.
Referring to the mini filter plants project, the city nazim said that with a view to providing filtered as well as bacteria-free water
to the citizens, the city government had already embarked upon its project of initially installing 600 community filter plants in all
the 178 union councils of the metropolis, saying that the community filter plants’ water would be as good as any best quality
mineral water available in the market. “In fact, the motive behind setting up such plants is to provide best quality water to the
citizens free of cost,” Mr Kamal added.

Later, the nazim asked the vice-president of the Canadian firm, Ms Lin Armstrong, to ensure proper monitoring and
maintenance of the plant, besides ensuring hygienic conditions around it. Ms Lin on the occasion informed the nazim that the
cost of the plant was Rs1.5 million and the electricity expenses to be incurred on it would be only Rs6,000 per annum.

Elaborating, she said that one of the most salient features of the plant was that the salts remained in the filtered water after
removing all sorts of bacteria from it.
(Dawn-18, 21/07/2006)

Rs2bn water purification plant planned

KARACHI, July 21: City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal has urged the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) to set up one
more filter plant of 100 million gallons of water per day in the limits of North-East Karachi pumping station so as to bridge the
gap between filtered and unfiltered water currently being supplied to the city.

Presiding over a meeting of the KWSB senior officials, the nazim, who is also chairman of the water utility organisation, asked
the KWSB managing director, Brig Iftikhar Haider, to expeditiously prepare feasibility and the PC-1 of the filter plant, costing
Rs2,000 million, so that each and every locality of the city is supplied filtered water.

Underscoring the need for setting up filter plants prior to bringing water to the city from its sources, the city nazim said that the
city government’s top most priority was to improve the quality of life of the common man by providing them all the basic
necessities, no stone should be left unturned in providing clean and healthy water to the citizens, besides improving sewerage
system.Informing the nazim about the KWSB’s existing filter plants’ capacity, Brig Haider said that of the total 629 million
gallons of water per day currently being supplied to the city, 445mgd was being filtered thus leaving a gap of 184mgd of water
which remained unfiltered.

He said that 115mgd of water was filtered at the COD filter plant, 50mgd each at Pipri’s new and old plats, 25mgd at North-East
Karachi’s old plant, 100mgd at NEK’s new plant, 80mgd at Hub plant and 25mgd at Gharo filter plant.

The KWSB chief said that with the commissioning of 100mgd K-3 project, another filter plant with a capacity to filter 100mgd of
water would be set in the limits of the NEK pumping station at an estimated cost of Rs2,000 million.
He said that though the plan of setting up a filter plant at the NEK pumping station could not be undertaken earlier owing to
financial difficulties that had surfaced in the project’s actual and revised PC-1.

However, Brig Haider hoped that the federal government would accord its approval to the plan as it was strictly in accordance
with its policy of providing clean water to the citizens; besides the city nazim had also taken up the issue before President
Musharraf at the inauguration ceremony of the K-3 project.

Meanwhile, the KWSB has prepared a Rs6,433 million comprehensive plan for treating domestic sewerage and industrial waste
and directed the KWSB to immediately prepare its PC-1, APP adds.

Briefing the city nazim about this project, the KWSB managing director informed that at present the city generated around
400mgd sewage.
He said that the water board, with 151mgd sewerage treatment capacity, was treating only 90mgd and rest 309mgd untreated
sewage flowed into the sea and its quantity would increase with the supply of K-III water.

The KWSB chief pointed out that sewerage water fell into sea from seven different points through Lyari and Malir rivers, Nahr-i-
Khayyam and Frere, Picture, Kalri and Railway drains.

It was further told that Rs2,100 million would be required for installation of plants for the treatment of sewerage carried by Malir
river, Manzoor colony river and from other adjoining localities while Rs500 million would be needed for treating Lyari river water
and Rs500 million for linking Malir and Lyari rivers with drains.

The KWSB chief informed that Rs500 million would be spent for upgrading the treatment plants I, II and III and thus 100 per
cent treated water would be allowed to go into the sea while industrial waste would be treated at TP-4.

Approving the project, the city nazim called for preparation of its PC-1.
(Dawn-17, 22/07/2006)

Nazim orders survey of hydrants

KARACHI, July 23: City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal on Sunday ordered the KWSB to conduct a survey with cooperation of
town nazims about all legal and illegal hydrants in the metropolis and submit him a report within a week so that operation
against the illegal hydrants could be launched with help of police and Rangers.

Addressing a joint meeting of town nazims and KWSB officials here at the Civic Centre, Mustafa Kamal said that there was no
crisis of water in Karachi, but some elements were creating problems due to illegal water connections. He said that all illegal
hydrants would be closed down in phases.

He said that Karachiites would be provided water through pipelines. He made it clear that one or two hydrants would be allowed
to operate where needed. He took notice of slow work of laying down water pipeline at the Shahrah-i-Quaideen and asked the
EDO Works and Services to get approval for roof of nullah along the Shahrah-i-Quaideen.

The city nazim said that the city government had set up a weighbridge at Jam Chakar landfill site and now contractors would
not be allowed to use private weighbridges.
It was decided in the meeting that towns would get fees from those dumping construction material and debris on roads and
streets.

He said that a feasibility report was being prepared to set up a flyover at the Bacha Khan Chowrangi. He said that survey of
others roundabouts of the city was also in progress.
He said that work on the sewerage system in Landhi-Korangi Industrial Areas would be initiated from July 29, 2006.

Earlier, a delegation of Chinese investors called on City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal at his office on Saturday.

The nazim informed Chinese investors about ongoing development projects and invited them to invest. He said all possible
facilities would be provided to them.

Chinese investors expressed their interest in Karachi Mass Transit Corridor-II and vowed that they would start work shortly on it
and bring more investment into the metropolis.

Karachi Mass Transit Director-General Malik Zaheerul Islam and EDO (Revenue) Saalah Ahmed Farooqi were also present.

In another meeting held to review the progress of development projects on Saturday, City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal said that
inauguration of under construction roads, flyovers and underpasses in the metropolis will start from the second week of August.
He said that Abul Hasan Ispahani Road had been reconstructed and opened for traffic.

Mr Kamal said that development projects worth Rs30 billion under way in the city were near completion, adding that for the first
time in Karachi several projects were initiated simultaneously with a fast pace. He said that the ongoing projects created some
difficulties for citizens which would be removed with the completion of work at the project sites. He said that citizens would
witness a considerable improvement in the situation.

The nazim directed the officials concerned to expedite pace of work on all the ongoing projects so that they were completed
within stipulated time.
He told the participants of the meeting that Ibn-i-Sina Road would be opened for traffic by the second week of August.

This would be followed by opening of road in Pak Colony and later inauguration of Shahrah-i-Orangi while under construction
flyovers would be inaugurated in the intervening period.

During this period, Karachi Water and Sewerage Board projects would start getting completed, he added.
He said that Karachi had entered a new modern era with the construction of flyovers, underpasses, tallest structure of the
country and promotion of information technology.
(Dawn-14, 24/07/2006)

Rs363m water and sewerage projects approved

KARACHI, July 26: City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal has approved 13 different projects worth Rs363 million to improve water
and sewerage infrastructure in the metropolis.

Under these projects that have also got the approval from District Development Working Committee, pipelines will be laid to
supply water to localities facing shortage for the last 15 to 20 years, sewerage system will be revamped and water will be
supplied to pumping stations.

According to the city government, these new projects are in addition to the schemes initiated from Rs50 million provided by the
city nazim to each town.

Project-wise allocations for the new schemes are Rs1.85 million for repair of manholes on 24-inch diameter sewerage line from
Tannery Road to Lyari River; Rs54 million for purchase of diesel generators of 1275kw capacity for Sakhi Hasan and Khwaja
Ajmer Nagri pumping stations; Rs11.17 million for the procurement of 280kw and 9,350kw generators for Paharganj, PS-II and
Ship Owners College pumping stations; Rs29.06 million for water supply to civil areas of Shah Faisal Town; Rs5.3 million for
provision of pump to Faqir Colony pumping station in Orangi town; Rs9.1 million for purchase of pumps for water supply to Zia
Colony, Disco More, Ghaziabad and adjoining localities; Rs7.819 million for purchase of 500kw diesel generator for pumping
station in Orangi; Rs19.24 million for laying of 36-inch diameter RCC sewerage line from Lifeline Bridge to BYJ Road to
improve sewerage system in Soldier Bazaar, Punjab Colony and adjacent areas; Rs13.91 million for joining and shifting of 33-
inch and 48-inch diameter lines at under construction Nazimabad underpass; Rs1.37 million for improving water distribution
system in localities of Baldia and North Nazimabad towns; Rs6.76 million for revamping of dilapidated and old water supply
lines in Paposh Nagar UC-1; Rs191.75 million for laying of 12-inch, 16-inch and 18-inch lines for water supply from Ninth Mile
main road to Dadabhoy town, NAA-II, Azam Town, Azam Basti, Manzoor Colony, Junejo Town, Rehman Colony and Hill Town;
Rs1.5 million for water supply from Shah Najaf Road; and Rs12.362 million for construction of drains and footpaths at service
road on both tracks of Shahrah-i-Attar.

MALIR RIVER BRIDGE: The city nazim has directed that bridge on Malir River connecting Quaidabad and Shah Faisal with
Singer Chowrangi, Korangi, be completed by January 2007.
He said that bridge construction work was causing problems to the citizens and therefore, work should be carried out round-
the-clock to complete it ahead of schedule.

The city nazim visited various ongoing projects on Wednesday.

He was informed that the construction work of Quaidabad Bridge was facing problems due to non-shifting of water and
sewerage lines. Particularly, the area people had obtained illegal connections which they don't allow to be disconnected.

Mr Kamal directed KWSB MD Brig Iftikhar Haider over the telephone to take up work on shifting of lines from Thursday and, if
need arise, police assistance may be obtained.
He said in view of inconvenience caused to people, the bridge be completed by December 2006 instead of 2007.

During the visit, the nazim also reviewed the work on this bridge and was informed that it was the city's longest two-track bridge
being constructed at a cost of Rs1.057 billion.
The bridge is to be constructed by July 2007, but on nazim's directive, steps are being taken for its completion six months
ahead of the stipulated time. In Korangi Industrial area, the nazim also inspected the under construction Road-12000.

Signal-free roads: The city nazim has ordered to immediately conduct surveys of all the city's major roads to make them signal-
free.
He said that after the SITE to Sharea Faisal corridor becomes signal- free in the next few months, work must start on flyovers
and underpasses which should be followed by work on the signal-free corridors.
He was speaking at a meeting at his camp office.

The corridor from SITE to Sharea Faisal will be called corridor-I having three underpasses and three flyovers, construction of
which is going on and will be completed in the next few months.Corridor-II will be extended from Sharea Faisal to UP Mor and
corridor-III from Jail Chowrangi to Safoora Goth. The works and services department has started the required study and survey
work on corridors- II and III. A proposal is also under consideration for extending Rashid Minhas Road from Sharea Faisal to
UP Mor Corridor-II.

Corridor-II has Askari-IV Chowrangi, Jauhar Mor Right Turn, NIPA Inter-section, Gulshan Chowrangi Inter-Section, UBL
Complex Right Turn, Sohrab Goth Inter-section, Shafiq More Right Turn, Nagan Chowrangi Inter-section, UP More Right Turn.
(Dawn-17, 27/07/2006)

CDGK approves Rs 31m water supply schemes

KARACHI: Shah Faisal Town Nazim Muhammad Imran on Friday said that the City District Government Karachi (CDGK) had
approved Rs31 million for water supply schemes in different localities of the town and the work on these schemes would soon
start.

The areas include Natha Khan Goth, Azeemabad and Iqbalabad of Union Council No.1, Tandoor Colony, Al Haider Society,
Rahmanabad No.1 and Sadat Colony. He said this while exchanging views with the representatives of the town, including Naib
Nazim Ali Akbar, Councilors Aslam Qureshi, Kausar, Shugufta, CE KW&SB Muhammad Imran, XEN Aamir Waqar and others,
who met him at his office.

He said that through these funds a water supply pumping station would be built and two new water supply pumps would also be
installed that would prove helpful for UC 1 and 2 and its adjoining areas.
He said that in order to facilitate the citizens, the town administration had started uplift projects on emergency basis.

He said that areas of UC-1 Iqbalabad, Azeemabad and its surrounding shanties were part of the Cantonment Board Faisal, but
through a one-sided decision they were excluded from the Cantonment.
He alleged that responsible persons did not pay attention on solving the issues of these areas in the past that multiplied the
problems.
(The News-3, 29/07/2006)

PM okays Rs8bn KWSB treatment plant project

KARACHI: Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz, while appreciating the on-going development projects being carried out in Karachi, has
given approval for the KWSB treatment plant, costing Rs 8 billion.
The premier gave this appreciation after City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal gave a comprehensive briefing about the
development projects of Karachi, informed sources told The News here on Saturday.

Shaukat Aziz, while lauding the efforts being made by the City Nazim, said that law and order situation in Karachi was good,
creating a conducive environment for investment flow in Karachi.

The high-level meeting, held at the Governor House, was attended by Sindh Governor Ishratul Ebad, Naib Nazim Mrs Nasreen
Jalil and senior government officials concerned who assisted the City Nazim.

The City Nazim explained in detail about the progress of three under-passes, IT Tower, Car Parking Plaza at Saddar as well as
of Sohrab Goth flyover, sewerage lines in Korangi Industrial Area, construction of new roads in the city and various other
projects. The City Nazim told the premier that more and more foreign investment was pouring in and very soon a visible change
would be witnessed in Karachi.

Mustafa said that Karachi would be brought at par with other international cities of the world, as it has started attracting huge
investments.
(The News, 30/07/2006)

City receives 100-mgd less water

KARACHI: Various localities received an acute water shortage on Sunday as the city received 100-mgd water less than normal
supply due to power breakdown at three water pumping stations.
A Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KW&SB) spokesman said that the power supply at Dhabeji, Pipri and Gharo pumping
stations remained suspended for around three hours from 1:45 pm to 5:00 pm on Sunday, which resulted in the water shortfall.
He said various localities of the metropolis had also faced sewerage overflow problem due to power outage at Jameela, Clifton,
TP-I and TP-II sewerage pumping stations.

Meanwhile, City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal ordered setting up of two emergency centres, one at COD Filter Plant and other at
KW&SB Annexy Building behind Civic Centre, to receive complaints regarding water shortage and sewerage problems, the
spokesman said.

Citizens can lodge their complaints on telephone numbers 9243801 (COD Filter Plant centre) and 9231227 (KW&SB Annexy
Building). These centres would work round the clock, he added.
(The News, 31/07/2006)
AUGUST
Contingency plan for Mangla Dam
ISLAMABAD, Aug 1: The Water and Power Development Authority has submitted a contingency plan to the government for
overhaul of the system at Mangla Dam. According to Wapda, the auto transformers at Mangla power station are 38 years old
and have been subjected to constant overloading for most of the time, thus reducing the life of the winding insulation.

“Two winding legs of one of the transformers have failed in the past on two occasions. Therefore, for such old equipment,
provision of contingency is very much essential,” Wapda said. It said that the 132kv side units, after completing more than
316,000 operating hours over 38 years, were in need of ‘major overhauls’, involving shut downs for 6-8 months per unit, which
could not be arranged with the existing two auto transformers.

Wapda said the overhauls required considerable funding for which donors, especially the World Bank and the Asian
Development Bank, should be approached in addition to arranging local financing through the Annual Development Plan and
the Public Sector Development Programme.

Overcoming the overloading of the existing two 138MVA auto transformers would improve system voltages in the adjoining
areas and hence contribute to reduction of system losses, it said.

Wapda informed the federal authorities that there was not enough space for the construction of a 132kv bay in the existing
132kv switch yard of the power house. “So, the switch yard needs to be extended to provide space for at least two bays
(including a space for a future bay). Beyond the existing fence there is a water drain and there is also need of cutting and filling
of rocky land.”

Under the plan submitted by Wapda, foundations would be constructed for installation of the 220/132kv, 138MVA transformers,
circuit breakers, isolators, CTs, PTs and gantries for double bus bars, etc.

It said the plan involved only addition of the third 220/132kv, 138 MVA transformer at existing 220kv Mangla switch yard. “There
are no major governance issues of the power sector for the execution of the project,” it said.

Wapda believes that another 138MVA, 220/132kv auto transformer at Mangla power station is urgently required.
The plan would reduce overloading, increase system reliability, meet growing load demand and increase reliability of power
supply for the areas fed from the power station in future, it said.
(By Ihtasham ul Haque, Dawn-1, 02/08/2006)

Mubarak village dam collapses

KARACHI, Aug 1: A large number of people of a fishing village suffered dislocation as a check dam washed away and water
created a flood like situation in the Mubarrak goth. The Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum said in a statement that the dam was
constructed at a cost of over Rs 4 million by the city government during the tenure of previous Nazim.

The dam was constructed to collect water and save it for the Mubarrak Village residents who could use it during the water
scarcity season. As the dam washed away, water inundated the fishing village.

The residents of the village have urged the authorities to reconstruct the dam, this time a durable one.

Meanwhile, the NGO has also demanded that relief goods be provided to the residents of various fishing villages, including
Tekri Goth, Sher Mohammad Goth, Rehri Goth and Dabla Goth of the bin Qasim Town who have left their houses after rain-fed
nullahs overflowed following the monsoon rains in the past couple of days.
(Dawn-18, 02/08/2006)

Fishermen’s villages under water

KARACHI, Aug 7: Breaches were developed in Mullahdad Dam near fishermen’s village, Mubarak Goth, in Keamari Town, due
to intermittent rain which continued all the night between Sunday and Monday.

The dam had been constructed in 1934 by residents of Mubarak Goth on a self-help basis and it was being maintained by
government. A few days back, an under-construction dam, Mubarak Dam, was washed away and the gushing water made its
way into the Mullahdad Dam. Already under immense pressure, the structure of the old dame developed breaches following
more rain on Sunday causing flooding in the area around that also inundated several nearby villages.

Meanwhile, a huge pond of rain water in Deh Allahbano, near Hawkesbay, has also sustained damage with the extra input from
the rain. The water overflowing from the pond has already submerged the adjacent localities and entered many a houses in the
nearby villages.

The rain-fed Amry river, which drains rainwater from Lal Bakhar hills, has also been playing havoc with houses and public
property as encroachers have blocked the course of the river near the old Hawkesbay road. Spillage from the river’s bank has
caused inundation of nearby villages.

An NGO, the Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum, has urged the authorities to come to the rescue of all these villagers who belonged to
the poor fishermen community. It called for employing heavy machinery and equipment to plug the breaches and clear the
water courses of blockages.

It pointed out that owing to the absence of any government-deputed relief and rescue team, the villagers had to struggle for
survival on their own and it was quite clear that many of them might not succeed due to lack of adequate resources and
manpower.
(Dawn-18, 08/08/2006)
 Demo by affectees of Taunsa Barrage
MULTAN, Aug 11: Scores of the people from among the riverine communities living alongside the river Indus held a protest
demonstration at Taunsa Barrage against the alleged highhandedness of an engineering firm, which is carrying out the task of
rehabilitation and modernization of the reservoir.

The protesters were the people who have been displaced due to what is being called the Taunsa Barrage Emergency
Rehabilitation and Modernization Project (TBERMP). The protest call was given by a forum named Sindhu Bachao Tarla.

The protesters said that the local communities had requested the engineering firm, DESCON, not to carry out the work for long
hours in the night because it caused disturbance to them, especially to their women, who had to sleep in the open after being
dislocated.

But the firm allegedly did not pay heed to their request. Rather its staff reportedly started harassing residents of Allahwali Basti,
a village that came into being after the encampment of the displaced residents of the project area. The matter led to
confrontation between the firm and the locals. Resultantly, a case was lodged against some 15 people for allegedly hampering
the construction work. Two of the accused were arrested as well.

Prior to resorting to the token protest on Friday, the locals held a meeting with the irrigation department sub-divisional officer
Rana Afzal and local DESCON administrator Qazi Muzammil. The SBT officer-bearers said that the two officials had promised
that in future the local population would be given preference in hiring workers and the World Bank guideline of doing the work
only in the daytime would also be followed. They said the protest was just to demonstrate the resolve of the local people to get
addressed their grievances.

The two officials have reportedly given the undertaking of sorting out all the issues of the local population lying pending with
their respective organizations before Sept 15.
(Dawn-4, 12/08/2006)

Contaminated water in Shah Faisal

KARACHI: Shah Faisal Town Nazim Mohammed Imran has taken notice of complaints against supply of contaminated water
and water shortage in various areas and directed the officers concerned to take immediate redressal action. He cautioned that
no complaint about supply of contaminated water will be tolerated. Issuing directive to KW&SB officials during visit to various
areas of the Town, Nazim Shah Faisal Town told people that supply of clean drinking water to each house “is our foremost
responsibility” and steps are being taken for replacement of obsolete pipelines and system improvement in all the union
councils. He said unserviceable and obsolete valves are being changed in all the UCs at a cost of Rs15 million. He directed the
officials to make local surveys for identification of public grievances a routine practice and a liaison be maintained with people
for solution of their problems.
(The News-3, 12/08/2006)

Water level rises at Hub Dam

KARACHI, Aug 17: Water level in Hub dam’s reservoir further increased to 313 RL (Reservoir Level) in the wake of Thursday’s
rains.
Wapda officials said the water level will further increase on Friday as rainwater was continuously pouring in its catchment area
from different directions.

Hub dam reservoir whose level had receded to 282.9 RL on July 29 has, so far, received over 31 feet of water during the
current monsoon season, they added.
The localities which are supplied water from Hub dam include sprawling townships of Orangi, Baldia, SITE (both residential and
industrial areas), Qasba, Shershah and parts of North Karachi.
(Dawn-17, 18/08/2006)

Water level in Hub further increases

KARACHI, Aug 21: Water level in the Hub dam level has further risen to a height that both Karachi and Lasbella can draw
water from it for 20 months provided they maintain their present level of supply, i.e., 50 and 30 million gallons of water per day,
respectively. The present level of water in dam’s reservoir is 313.7 RL (Reservoir Level).

Both the beneficiaries of the dam may also fetch their full quota of supply which is 100 mgd for Karachi and 59mgd in the case
of Lasbella, for more than 10 months, the Wapda’s resident engineer at Hub dam, Inamullah Khan told Dawn on Monday.

The water level in the dam’s reservoir had reduced to 282.9 RL on July 29 but it has now jumped to 313.7 RL in the wake of
recent rains.

The water from the dam had earlier spilled in the Arabian Sea in July 2003 after attaining its full storage capacity of 339 RL and
thereafter water level in the dam continued to recede during last two years as its catchment area had remained dry in both the
winter and summer seasons of 2004 and 2006.

Water supply from Hub dam to both Karachi and Lasbella was earlier expected to be stopped from November but since the
Allah has blessed us with rains, both the beneficiaries of the dam can now fetch 50 mgd and 30 mgd for 20 more months and
draw their full quota of 100 mgd and 59 mgd for over 10 months, the Wapda official manning the dam said, adding the city’s full
quota of water from the dam is 100 mgd, followed by Lasbella ie, 59 mgd and Bun Murad (2mgd).

Having a total storage capacity of 339 RL, water from the dam had earlier spilled over to Arabian Sea six times – first in 1984,
then in 1989, 1992, 1994, 1995 and lastly in 2003. The dam’s catchment area spreads over 3,410 square miles from Pub
Range to Kirthar Range while its reservoir area comes to 30 square miles.
(Dawn-19, 22/08/2006)
 Integrated efforts urged to manage water resources
KARACHI, Aug 24: A consultative workshop on water management in Pakistan here on Thursday stressed the need for multi-
stakeholder platform which should take up the issue on a broader prospective to develop a national consensus on this vital
issue.

Organized by the IUCNP, the workshop highlighted the importance of water issue currently being debated and dominated by
the big dams which are being considered to be panacea for all water storage problems in the country.

Participants of the workshop included experts on environment, professors, engineers and community leadersnoted with
concern there was little dialogue within the government and civil society about alternatives to these big dams.
They observed that few alternatives to the large dam options have been developed and being put to a debate to assess
whether they are viable. These debates termed very emotional as there was little focus on factual information and needs.

The participants critically examined the various aspects of the IUCNP-WP’s project and the participants also submitted their
suggestions in view of local conditions.

The IUCN project was primarily based on developing scenarios for optimal infrastructure investments in the water sector and
developing scenarios for alternatives to the big dams and creating an environment to enable a serious dialogue with
government and civil society on the proposed dams, such as Basha, Kalabagh and others on the basis of data in terms of water
storage, electricity generation, people displaced and cost of construction and ecosystem impacts.

It also proposed a multi-stakeholder platform for an integrated structured dialogue between the government and civil society on
large infrastructure and assist Pakistani society to manage the country’s water resources.

Initiating the debate, IUCNP’s head of water programme Dr Abdul Majeed explained the objectives of the workshop, saying
water is a crucial issue of the world, particularly in Pakistan. He stressed that collective and integrated efforts were needed to
manage the water resources in Pakistan.
He said climatic changes were being used by the various organizations according to the local needs of the population and
suggested conducting scientific research on the subject.

Mr Eli Jan Saaf, an IUCN consultant, moderated the discussion and elaborated various components of the IUCN water
programme. He said the theme of the programme is to develop upland-lowland linkages and added that the programme was in
response to the ever-increasing realization of the importance of water as a pivotal in ecosystem and livelihoods for millions of
people.

The issue of canal-lining in Sindh and water trading in Balochistan also came under discussion. Some of the speakers
emphasized the need for plugging the underground water seepages, saying it would reduce water losses.

According to an IUCN survey, in Pakistan, an estimated 121 billion cubic meters (98 million acre feet) is supposedly “lost”
through the conveyance systems of the Indus Basin irrigation system every years. This is almost 60 per cent of the total
amount of water available to the country yearly.
The government is currently developing a 1.5 billion US dollar intervention designed to line 1000s of kilometers of canals.

Lining of these canals would reduce losses during conveyance and reduce water-logging and salinity in those areas where
water table is almost at the surface.

However, report says in many other places this recharge is crucial for aquifer recharge, preventing soil erosion and ensuring
livelihoods. An issue is to consider here whether the energy used to pump up water from the recharged aquifer for irrigation or
drinking purposes could be saved if water were allocated more effectively.

Other speakers were Shamsul Haq Memon of the Coastal Development Authority, Dr Asadullah Qazi, Vice-Chancellor of Isra
University, Ms Zubeda Birwani, chairperson of Pakistan Mahigir Tehrik, Dr Nisar Ahmed Memon, Dr Hena Beg, Rehat Jabeen,
Khawaja Saleem Mustaf, Mohammad Azam Kansi, Jalauddin Qureshi, Fateh Marri and Dr Buxial Lashari.

Earlier, Nasir Ali Panhwar of IUCN Sindh, welcomed the participants, saying that IUCN believes in consultation and ensures to
involve diverse stakeholders in development of strategies, plans and programmes and adding that this workshop is also part of
IUCN’s tradition to solicit input from the range of stakeholders to finalize the IUCN water programme.
(Dawn-17, 25/08/2006)

Damages suit against KWSB, city govt

KARACHI, Aug 25: A suit for damages has been filed in the Sindh High Court by the parents of two children against the city
district government, the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board and others for the accidental death of their children caused due to
alleged negligence of these utility bodies.

Shehla Raza and Ghulam Qadir claimed an aggregate Rs24.6 million through their counsel Nasir Maqsood and Aamir
Maqsood, by filing a suit for damages and compensation for the deaths of their children in the open drain on Sept 6, 2005.

They impleaded the City District Government Karachi, Karachi Water and Sewerage Board, the Al-Mehran Builders, Contractor
Supervisors Waqar Awan, Faisal, Fahad and City Government’s site Engineer Shabi-ul-Hassan and taxi owner Merajuddin and
driver Rasheed Ahmed.

It was, inter alia, contended that on Sept 6, 2005, they hired a taxi and boarded with their children, Shayan, 11, Ukse Batool,
13, for going towards Sohrab Goth on main Abul Hassan Isphani Road.

When they reached opposite Memon Bara Market at 7:40pm, the taxi fell in a 28 feet deep sewerage drain as the driver could
not locate the drain due to darkness and because there was no precautionary notice and because no safety measures were
taken, the children received fatal injuries and died.
It was contended that the death of the children was caused due to negligence, default and wrongful act of the defendants who
failed to foresee the fatal consequences of leaving the sewerage drain open in a perilous state.

It was the obligation of the City Government and the Water Board to make proper security measures to make the road-users
aware about the dangers involved therein and ought to have put protective walls, fences, barricades or should have fully
covered the open drain to obviate the chances of danger, but the defendants indulged in negligence.

The plaintiff alleged that the city nazim ordered an enquiry after the incident and formed a committee to submit a report within
three days, but even after a lapse of nine months, no progress had been made, nor plaintiffs were called to associate with the
enquiry.

(Dawn-17, 26/08/2006)

KWSB working
I WOULD like to bring to the notice of the governor, the nazim and other authorities concerned the state of affairs of the KWSB
and the service it renders to the people of Karachi.

We live in Block IV, KDA Scheme No. 5, Clifton, where all property taxes were increased a few years back and, when I spoke
to an official of the then KDA, I was bluntly told that we, the residents of ‘posh areas’, have been paying very little tax and it is
time we paid more.

Last year we paid water and sewerage tax worth Rs3,960 (for 12 months) but now the KWSB has sent us a bill for Rs735 for
July which works out to Rs8,820, a whopping increase of nearly 122 per cent. And what do we get in return for this?

Until last year, we were getting water twice a week for about 10 minutes every Monday and Friday. For the last six months even
that small supply has been reduced to two to three times a month. We have to depend on tankers’ supply of muddy and saltish
water costing us Rs1,200 for 2,400 gallons of the commodity.

This is over and above the potable water we buy daily from supermarkets for drinking and kitchen purposes. All this means a
monthly expenditure of about Rs9,000, besides the amount of Rs735 paid as water and sewerage tax. Quite a few houses in
our area have no water line at all passing by their properties and still they are being regularly charged water tax.

As regards sewerage, no such service exists in our area. A few years back work had commenced to lay a sewerage line and
our house was connected to it, but somewhere down the line the project was abandoned and the line has been left halfway
without any outlet. The result is that our manholes get filled up like septic tanks and every month or two we have to have them
emptied and pay the sweepers Rs500 each time to do the emptying manually. This is despite paying sewerage tax for a service
which does not exist.

Is it morally right for the KWSB to charge us water and sewerage tax when it does not provide any service.

I would request the governor and the nazim to order the KWSB to provide us with proper service and, until that is done,
withdraw the increase in water and sewerage tax being imposed for this year.

MRS SHIRIN TAYEBI, Karachi

(Dawn-6, 29/08/2006)

SEPTEMBER

Need for water management

STRESSING the need for integrated water management, participants at a recent IUCN workshop in Karachi noted that debate
on an issue as critical as water is currently dominated by emotion rather than reason and ground realities. This worrying state
of affairs does not bode well for the country and, in particular, the agriculture sector. Pending a consensus on large dams,
alternative solutions must be explored to stave off a crisis that is bound to deepen with time. Emphasis must be placed on flood
control and storage schemes for harnessing surplus water, as well as small reservoirs that can collect rainwater in arid areas.
There is no reason why a time of plenty, such as the current monsoon spell, should lead to disaster instead of good tidings for
the future. Storage capacity, however, is just one aspect of the problem: remedial efforts must also focus on efficient use. In
this connection, lining of canals and watercourses is of paramount importance, as is land-levelling to reduce run-off velocity,
improve moisture retention and prevent erosion. At the same time, farming techniques that provide a higher yield per unit must
be encouraged. Rational use has not only the potential to bring under cultivation land that is lying fallow for want of water, but
also to reclaim areas lost to waterlogging and salinity. Any increase in agricultural output will, in turn, help alleviate poverty and
raise livelihood levels. Besides strengthening the country economically, greater access to water can go a long way in improving
inter-provincial relations.

Agriculture is by far the single largest consumer of water, accounting for between 95 and 97 per cent of available resources. As
such, that is the sector where conservation is most urgently required. But in cities too water is being wasted on a staggering
scale because of dilapidated distribution networks and a failure on the part of consumers to use this precious resource
prudently. Treatment and possible reuse of waste water is another neglected area. On the federal level, it is important that the
draft National Water Policy is approved and implemented in consultation with the provinces. Without coordination, trust and
honesty of purpose, integrated water management will remain an elusive goal.
(Dawn-7, 01/09/2006)
 550 filter plants to be set up soon: minister
KARACHI, Sep 5: Federal Minister for Environment Makhdoom Syed Faisal Saleh Hayat said on Monday that 550 water filter
plants would be installed in the first phase in different districts of the country to provide clean drinking water to the people.

Inaugurating a water filter plant at Overhead Reservoir Saudabad Pumping Station Malir.the minister said that government was
committed to provide potable water to each and every house of the country till the end of 2007.

The minister pointed out that the waterborne diseases are caused due to unhygienic water. Therefore, government is trying to
provide potable water to people that is their basic right, and providing safe drinking water to people is the top priority of
government.
He further said that in the second phase, 6500 water filter plants, one each in every union council and in the third phase,
28,000 water filter plants one each in every area with population of 1000 would be installed.

He said that epidemic diseases were major problem of our country and unavailability of clean water was the basic reason of
these diseases. He said that it was the vision of President and Prime Minister to improve healthcare system that would also
help to improve the standard of living of common man.

He said that federal government would bear the functioning expenses of the Saudabad filter plant for three years, and
announced that the second phase of this project would soon be inaugurated.

Malir Town, Karachi. TMO Malir Manawer Syal, TO Saleem Arif, DTO Solid Waste Kashif Ahmed Khan, UC nazims and naib
nazims were also present.

Earlier, the minister chaired a meeting during his visit to Marine Research Laboratory of Zoological Survey Department,
Karachi.

During the meeting, he highlighted the need to protect natural life and preserve the valuable marine species of birds, green
turtles, dolphins etc.
(Dawn-18, 06/09/2006)

ADB to give $3bn for water, power

ISLAMABAD, Sept 7: The Asian Development Bank on Thursday agreed to provide about $3 billion to Pakistan’s water and
power sectors, including big dams, over the next three to five years under the medium-term country assistance programme.
A broader agreement to this effect was reached here at a meeting between a seven-member delegation of the ADB and senior
government officials. The meeting was presided over by Water and Power Minister Liaqat Ali Jatoi.

The ADB delegation, led by Juan Miranda, director-general of the bank’s Central and West Asia Department, also assured to
provide technical assistance in upgrading distribution and transmission network because capacity constraints in the two areas
were not allowing maximum dispersal of power production.

Most of the ADB funds will be for improvement of power distribution and transmission which is a major cause of current energy
crisis in the country.

This will include focus on financial assistance of $500 million for Renewable Energy Development, $1.2 billion for Power
Transmission Enhancement, $250 million for Power Distribution Enhancement and $800 million for irrigated Agriculture and
Water Resources Projects besides a number of technical assistance programmes for capacity building and relevant studies.

The delegation also committed to assist technically and financially in major rehabilitation and infrastructure projects in the water
sector like barrages and dams.

It also agreed to take up with the World Bank to co-finance mega water sector projects and to workout a joint strategy on the
subject. For this, the ADB will establish a working group, comprising officials of the federal government and development
partners, to work out modalities to finance construction of the Diamer-Bhasha dam project.

The delegation told the meeting that the ADB had an internal system of checks and balance and guidelines for financially
supporting such projects.

The minister told the delegation that Pakistan required a lot of investment in water and power sectors to meet requirements of
rapid economic growth. He claimed that confidence of domestic and foreign investors had been restored. He said Pakistan was
also focusing on alternative energy projects like wind power, solar energy, coal-based generation and hydel and the ADB’s
support in the sector would be of great help.

He said the power sector was undergoing reforms and restructuring, which was necessary to achieve growth targets set by the
government. He said the power sector not only needed to increase its generation capacity, but improvement was also needed
in efficiency and coverage, for which coordinated efforts and support of development partners was a must.
(Dawn-1, 08/09/2006)

Rs8bn allocated for installation of filtration plants: minister

ATTOCK, Sept 17: Minister of State for Environment Malik Amin Aslam said the government had allocated Rs8 billion to install
water filtration plants in every union council by the end of 2007.
He was speaking at a public meeting after inaugurating the first water filtration plant of the district at Attock City UC-II on
Saturday.

He said the project would not only provide clean drinking water to the masses, but also help overcome the spread of diseases,
particularly hepatitis and diarrhoea.
The minister said under the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the target of filtration plants’ installation was to be
achieved till year 2015, but the environment ministry would complete the task before time in 2007 due to personal interest of
Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz.

He said the government had also increased the ministry’s budget by 700 per cent so that sufficient funds were available for
various environmental projects. Efforts are also on to make the industrial sector more environment friendly, he added.

Mr Aslam said the ministry was also utilising its all resources to create awareness of environmental standards.

Speaking on the occasion, the UC nazim Rana Shaukat Ali Khan criticised the district and tehsil government for its “indifferent
attitude”, claiming it did not provide any development funds due to political reasons.

Earlier, the state minister inaugurated the water filtration plant installed at the cost of Rs1.2 million.

Balochistan issue: PPP leader Malik Hakmeen Khan has said the Balochistan issue could have been settled through
negotiations instead of the killing Baloch leader Nawab Akbar Bugti in a military operation.

Talking to Dawn here on Sunday, he termed the incident a great national tragedy and said the country could not afford such
type of incidents as it was already passing through crucial times due to serious internal and external threats.

Mr Khan, who is also ARD’s chief coordinator, said the PPP had always opposed the military operation in Balochistan and
called for finding a political solution to the problem through a dialogue.
(Dawn-2, 18/09/2006)

Kacchi canal: inquiry into delays ordered

ISLAMABAD, Sept 18: Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz has agreed in principle to order an enquiry into the implementation delays
and cost overruns of the Kacchi canal in Balochistan on the recommendations of the planning commission and the ministry of
water and power, it is learnt.

The cost of the Kacchi canal that stretches between Punjab and Balochistan was started in 2002 at an estimated cost of
Rs31.20 billion and was to be completed by June 2008. The project cost, according to Wapda estimates, had increased to
about Rs70 billion because it was started without proper planning and meeting relevant procedural codes. The completion
target is unknown now.

Informed sources told Dawn on Sunday that the prime minister has, however, not assigned this enquiry to any individual or the
forum owing to diverging views of two institutions: The Planning Commission and the Water and Power Ministry. As a result,
the Prime Minister’s Inspection Commission (PMIC) is likely to investigate the delays and cost overruns.

The sources said the prime minister is expected to hold a meeting of all the stakeholders in a couple of days to come out with a
decision as many within the government attributed these delays to the law and order situation in Balochistan, particularly in the
case of contract KC-6 A, B and C in Balochistan and litigation over KC-5.

These sources said the minister for water and power, Liaquat Ali Jatoi, had assigned to the secretary, water and power, Ashfaq
Mehmood, to investigate into the matter and submit a report within two months.

The planning commission, however, believed that an enquiry should be conducted independently instead of giving this
responsibility to the sponsoring agency, which may also have to share the responsibility for the delays and cost increases.
These sources, however, said the monitoring responsibility of both the ministries of planning and power has come under
debate.

Separately, the minister for water and power was informed last month that three major water sector projects — Mangla dam
raising, Katchhi canal and Gomal Zam dam — were suffering from cost overruns and slow implementation due to poor
planning, faulty monitoring and security problems.

These projects costing Rs150 billion are part of seven major irrigation schemes launched by the Musharraf government.

The planning commission, said these sources, has also proposed to set up a focal point in the ministry of water and power to
directly monitor the progress of mega-water sector projects on a continuous basis so that technical faults and implementation
problems could be resolved or brought to the notice of the government without delay.

Similarly, the Rs64billion Mangla dam project was behind its construction schedule. Although the main dam structure was on
schedule with more than 96 per cent of the work completed, two other components, namely the Dhangali Bridge and Jeri dam,
could not go beyond 15 per cent and 55 per cent respectively against their targeted schedule of 80 per cent.

Likewise, the Rs13billion Gomal Zam dam in Balochistan has been delayed by more than two years due to security problems.
However, a new contract has been given to the Frontier Works Organisation of the Pakistan Army to complete it at a negotiated
price, which is being kept secret for the time being.
(By Khaleeq Kiani, Dawn-3, 19/09/2006)

Water situation reviewed

ISLAMABAD, Sept 18: The Medium Term Development Framework 2005 has set the stage for a more planned structural
investment in all sectors of economy, involving the public, private sectors, NGOs and the civil society to articulate Vision 2030
for the next generation.

This was stated by Chairman Pakistan Agriculture Research Council (PARC) M E Tasneem, while talking to a three-member
delegation of International Water Management Institute (IWMI), led by its Director-General Dr Frank Rijsberman at PARC
headquarters here on Monday.
He said that Vision 2030 gave extreme importance to the agriculture sector that continued to be the mainstay of Pakistan’s
economy, serving as a conduit for achieving the global development goals. He also gave an overview of the water situation in
the country.

Dr Tasneem informed the delegation that the government had provided substantial funds to PARC for agricultural research to
the tune of Rs2.8 billion for the next five years and there was no dearth of local funding to carry out sustainable research in
different agricultural disciplines.

However, he asked the IWMI to extend intellectual resources inputs for water conservation issues confronting the country.

The chairman informed the delegation that PARC had recently developed a mechanism with the International Food Policy
Research Institute (IFPRI) known as IPFRI-Pakistan Advisory Forum where the former would act as its secretariat for a
coordinated agricultural research.

Dr Frank Rijsberman highlighted the activities of IWMI and said that the emerging issues in water sector were affecting food
security and poor people in the developing countries, therefore, keeping alive to these issues, IWMI kept on updating its
research agenda almost every five years.

He said the institute was focusing on four themes relating to water conservation and management that included basin water
management, land, water and livelihoods, agriculture, water and cities, and water management and environment.

Appreciating the role of PARC as one of the main partners in Pakistan, Dr Frank recalled that IWMI was established in Pakistan
after the signing of a memorandum of agreement (MoA) in September 1986 and in 1995 the Government of Pakistan had
provided a permanent building to the institute in Lahore where it had been functioning since then.

He said Pakistan used to be one of the biggest offices of IWMI during the 1990s and made substantial contributions to the
identification, understanding and finding a solution to water and land resource management problems it has been working on.

He said that in recent time the initiatives taken by MINFAL and PARC for involving IWMI in its water sector programme brought
Dr Peter McCornick, Director for Asia, to Pakistan in March 2006 for identifying key areas and developing a research
programme where IWMI could contribute.
(Dawn-2, 19/09/2006)

People suffer at the hands of cantonment board, KWSB

KARACHI, Sept 19: Portions of roads submerged by sewage-mixed rainwater and riddled with potholes and trenches
developed due to ruthless digging in the name of uplift work and the recent heavy downpours, are causing exhausting traffic
jams at and around Jauhar Mor especially during the peak hours.

Both sides of the road leading to Jauhar Chowrangi remain clogged with deluge of vehicles and the problem, which has
aggravated after the August 17 rains, persists as a daily routine for the last several months.

It takes a motorist more than half an hour to cross this intersection from any side. While traffic jams between Dalmia
roundabout and Jauhar Mor are also being witnessed in the morning and evening hours, a similar situation develops quite
frequently when vehicles coming from Nipa Chowrangi also get stuck at the Jauhar Mor traffic signal.

The agencies carrying out uplift work in the area have never bothered to fill up the trenches being dug up for laying or removing
pipelines or cables. Most of these trenches have been filled up with rainwater or sewage, thus rendering the affected roads
partially, and in some cases totally, impassable for the pedestrians and motorists.

Another reason for the dilapidated condition of the roads around Jauhar Mor is the on and off burst of sewerage lines and
spillage from gutters and drains, pointing towards a defective and overloaded drainage system.

Although the area falls under the jurisdiction of Cantonment Board Faisal, the board is not ready to own the responsibility of
improving the sewage system. “Ask the KWSB,” was the reply when a spokesman for the Faisal Cantonment Board was
approached in this regard. “When the affected residents will lodge a complaint, we will look into the matter,” he argued.
However, many of the local residents said that they had repeatedly lodged complaints with both the boards, but to no avail.

The growing population in the area warrants replacement of the old sewerage lines, but the two agencies seem to be at odds
over the much-needed repair work. The ultimate sufferers are the area people whose miseries multiply with the passage of time
but neither the officials of the cantonment board nor the water board seem concerned over their plight. While the KWSB argues
that it was the responsibility of the cantonment board to look after the areas in its jurisdiction, whereas the cantonment board
maintains that the sewerage system is the responsibility of the KWSB, which collects the relevant taxes directly from people.

Owing to the bickering over the question of responsibility, the entire civic system in almost every block of Gulistan-i-Jauhar has
been in complete mess exposing people of this densely populated area to all kinds of threats and hazards.

The town nazim Zone-2, Wasay Jalil, was not available for comment. Najam Alam, chief engineer, Zone-2, told Dawn that the
main sewerage line in the area was undersized i.e. of 12-inch-dia, whereas the same should have been of double the size
considering the load. “We are working on it and the pipeline will hopefully be replaced in two-three months,” he added.
“Although it is the responsibility of the cantonment board, the city government has decided to carry out the replacement work to
mitigate the sufferings of the people because, being their representatives, we are answerable to them. People would not have
suffered if the same approach would have been adopted by the cantonment board,” he remarked.

Mr Alam attributed the clogging of sewerage lines to the alleged mismanagement in the maintenance of the system and the
faulty building plans approved by cantonment board. Besides, he said, disposing of plastic bags in sewerage lines had
contributed to the system collapse.

However, repeated attempts to reach the executive officer of the Cantonment Board Faisal, Zeenat Ahmed, did not succeed as
according to her personal assistant, she was busy in meetings.
(By Moinuddin Ahmed, Dawn-18, 20/09/2006)
 Water projects
KARACHI, Sept 19: The World Bank Mission for South Asia Region, headed by Adolf Brizzi, on Tuesday called on Sindh Chief
Secretary Fazalur Rehman and discussed water related issues of Sindh.

The discussion focussed on Sindh Water Sector Improvement Plan, National Drainage Programme, Sindh Irrigation and
Drainage Authority, LBOD and other relevant matters.

The mission also discussed the improvement and betterment of three barrages i.e. Guddu, Kotri and Sukkur Barrages.

It was agreed that the subsidiary projects of NDP (Old & New) would also be undertaken under the comprehensive programme
at the cost of US$170.00 million, in addition to the repair of three barrages. The WB team affirmed to support the projects on
long and short-term basis.
(Dawn-18, 20/09/2006)

Govt to spend Rs 120bn on water, sanitation: PM

ISLAMABAD: Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz said on Tuesday that the government had started various programmes to address
sanitation problems in the cities, towns and rural areas and allocated Rs 120 billion for implementing water supply and
sanitation projects during 2005-10.

Addressing the inaugural session of two-day Second South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN-2) here at a local
hotel, the prime minister said the government's strategy was focused on promoting public-private partnership to improve the
standard of life of the people particularly living in rural areas.

The prime minister said South Asia needs peace, stability, growth and development, which could be ensured through joint and
coordinated efforts by the member states of the region for the benefit of the people.

Appreciating the efforts of the organisers to hold conference on important issue, the prime minister said holding of the
conference demonstrates the commitment to find ways and means of improving sanitation facilities in the region, where about
one billion people live without adequate access to such basic facilities.

He said about 600 children die every day from diarrhoea due to inadequate hygiene and sanitation and about one million
people, mostly children, suffer from intestinal diseases and nutritional deficiencies.

The prime minister said there was a need for the governments of South Asia, civil society and people to adopt new ways of
thinking, adopt fresh approaches and try innovative concepts to ensure adequate availability of safe drinking water, improve
sanitation conditions, prevent water pollution and make optional use of scarce water resources.

Shaukat said the South Asian countries are facing challenges of energy security, water security, food security, poverty
alleviation, achieving higher productivity, coping with natural catastrophes and global warming. The prime minister said in order
to improve sanitation structure, "We need to promote greater understanding among countries, policy makers, service providers
and communities."

He said there was a need to generate public awareness of sanitation issues among the people. "We must strive to transform
sanitation from a supply-side government sponsored programme into a demand-driven popular movement," he said.

The prime minister said Pakistan was committed to achieving the Millennium Development Goals of United Nations which
include reducing by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to drinking water and sanitation by the year 2015.
"We also feel that the Dhaka Declaration of 2003 on sanitation in South Asian adopted at SACOSAN-1 provides a strategic,
forward-looking and pragmatic framework for dealing with sanitation issues in developing countries like Pakistan."

Referring to other measures taken by Pakistan, the prime minister said a project "Drinking water for all" has been initiated to
provide safe drinking water to the entire population in the country through the installation of water purification plants at village
level.

The prime minister said a long-term structured funding and capacity building programme targeting water supply and sanitation
agencies was being established to make them financially self-sustaining. "We are also developing special financing vehicles for
large cities to implement infrastructure projects, including sanitation and sewerage, in public-private partnership mode."

The prime minister said the success of sanitation programmes largely depends on their integration with water supply
programmes, effective governance under the ongoing devolution process, proper regulatory framework for integrated resource
management and improved service delivery mechanism through participating approaches.

Minister for Environment Makhdoom Syed Faisal Saleh Hayat in his welcome address said Pakistan has recently approved
national environment policy, which is under implementation process in association with the federal, provincial, and district
governments.
(The News-5, 21/09/2006)

Century-old water conduit revived

KARACHI, Sept 23: City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal on Saturday inaugurated supply of five million gallons water to Malir Town
from K-III project following revival of one-and-a-half century-old conduit at Dumlotti.
“It was the same old conduit from where the first tap of Karachi received water and now it has been revived with the
construction of a pumping station,” the nazim said.

He informed that the conduit where he pressed the button for supply of K-III additional water had been shut down in 1842, and
Rs 8 million were spent on this project.
He said that now water would be provided to all those residential units in Malir that had been without a drop of water for the last
12 years.

Speaking at the UC-I pumping station in Model Colony where water from Dumlottee has reached, he said that the Haq Parast
leadership would transform Model Colony into a real model colony for Karachi and Pakistan where all facilities, including best
water and sewerage systems, would be provided.

“Today we are before you at an occasion when a project has reached accomplishment and it is the time of making fruits to
reach the people,” Mustafa Kamal said.

It does not need thanks or commendation by us as it was their right that water should reach their homes, he said and added
“we believe in serving the human beings without any discrimination of party, community or nationality.”

When water from K-III project will reach houses in Model Colony, it will not question as to which community or fraternity this
house belongs to, but all human beings will be benefited, the Nazim stated.
He told the residents not to look at what people say about us, but see only what we are doing.

“Elections are not going to take place in this area tomorrow and all this is being done because we do realise about the needs of
people.

Mustafa Kamal pointed out that when distribution of K-III additional water was being discussed in a closed room, no one from
them was present there and at that time, it was going to be decided as to how much water is to be supplied to Malir.
“If we did not have a realization about your requirements, the decision for supply of 5 MGD water would not have taken place.”

Mustafa Kamal said today a number of announcements were being expected from him, but he don't believe in making
announcements, without obtaining information and details.

He said that besides spending Rs 8 million on supply of 5 mgd water to Malir Town from Dumllotti conduit, work is also being
done on sewerage lines and carpeting and patch work on area roads.
He said it was unfortunate that the area which we call as a Model Colony did not had any system of water supply and sewerage
and now we will make it a real model colony of Pakistan.

Road repair: Earlier on mid-night of Friday and Saturday, the city nazim inspected road patch-work during his five-hour visit to
various city areas.

He directed the works and services department to further gear up work to complete it before the start of Ramazan. He also
visited underpasses and other projects.
The Nazim visited those areas of towns where steps are being taken for maintaining traffic flow and asked the Nazims to
personally monitor the development works.
(Dawn-19, 24/09/2006)

OCTOBER

Sindh to get 2.82 MAF less water

ISLAMABAD, Oct 1: Sindh will get 12 million acre feet (MAF) in the Rabi season, which is 2.82 MAF or about five per cent less
than its original water share fixed under the 1991 water apportionment accord, it is learnt.

According to the Rabi Water Distribution Plan approved by the Indus River System Authority, Punjab would get about 17 MAF
of water, out of total water availability of 33.98 MAF during the season. The total availability included about 10.8 MAF water
already available in the reservoirs and 23.18 MAF expected to be available in rivers during the entire Rabi season, Irsa sources
told Dawn on Sunday.

Since the available water would be distributed among the provinces on historical basis (1977-82) due to overall 14 per cent
expected shortages, Sindh will be the major loser. Under normal circumstances, Sindh’s share for Rabi comes to about 14.82
MAF or 40.04 per cent of total 37.01 MAF water apportioned by the 1991 accord. During this Rabi, however, Sindh will get 12
MAF, which comes to 35.31 per cent of the 33.98 MAF water forecast by Irsa.

Under the Irsa decision, Punjab will get 17 MAF of water compared with 18.87 MAF fixed in the 1991 accord. In this way,
Punjab will lose about 1.87 MAF of its water share but in terms of percentage, its losses are nominal. It will get 50.03 per cent
share of 33.98 MAF, instead of original 50.986 per cent.

The 14 per cent water shortage will not be applied to Balochistan and the NWFP and they will get three and two per cent share
or 1.02 MAF and 0.701 MAF, respectively. About 0.05 MAF water will be allowed to go downstream Kotri during Rabi and
another 2.4 MAF or seven per cent of expected water availability has been shown as system losses.

Mainly because of this heavy toll, Sindh representatives at the advisory committee meeting of Irsa had demanded distribution of
water on the basis of Para-two of the accord; otherwise Sindh would refer the issue to the Council of Common Interests. It was
on their insistence that these views were recorded in the minutes of the advisory committee meeting, the sources said, adding
that the provincial government had asked its legal team to prepare a case for the next CCI meeting.

The sources said Sindh’s Irsa member Mohammad Khan Memon, who would take over as chairman of Irsa on Oct 16, had
made it clear that he would support Sindh’s case before the CCI. Under the accord, it is now Sindh’s turn to head Irsa for two
years.
The Irsa sources said the provinces utilised 63 MAF (about 58.9 per cent) of the total 107 MAF water available during the just-
concluded Kharif season. About 20 MAF water went downstream Kotri during Kharif and about 12 MAF (11.21 per cent) was
reported as losses. Another 10.8 MAF water had been carried forward to the Rabi season, they said.
(By Khaleeq Kiani, Dawn-1, 02/10/2006)

Rally held against water shortage in Lyari

KARACHI, Oct 1: Residents of Chawakiwara staged a protest rally against water shortage on Sunday afternoon. Holding
banners and placards, the protesters comprising youth, women and children of Lyari Town’s UC-10 converged at the Karachi
Press Club and raised slogans against perennial water shortage problem in their locality.

The participants of the rally, organised by the Lyari Awam Dost Tehreek, complained that water crisis coupled with frequent
failure had made life miserable, saying that they had brought the matter to the notice of relevant authorities but they had not
received any positive response forcing them to resort to agitation.

They also criticised the role of local body members for their indifferent attitude toward their problems. The protestors urged
KESC management to stop unscheduled loadshedding in the locality.
(Dawn-14, 02/10/2006)

Waterlogging plagues Gadap Town

KARACHI: The nuisance of waterlogging in a huge residential area of Gadap Town as a result of installation of K-III water
project is a problem that has failed to move authorities over the past couple of years.

The areas immersed in water are New Sabzi Mandi, Ajmer Towers and Gulshan Aka Khel. The joints of the water supply
channel were leaking even at the time the project was being laid, but the team of engineers and experts ignored the fact. Now
this negligence has resulted in the entire area getting severely waterlogged. The water has seeped into the ground so much
that it gushes out at even half a foot of ground digging.

“Earlier if we needed to bore the ground for digging wells, we had to dig around 100 feet or so to find any trace of water. This
rising water table has destroyed our houses and is a constant nuisance to all the residents,” said Aslam Bhutto, a resident here
for the last ten years.

He said that the value of land here has fallen steeply due to this situation. The landowners have no choice but to sell this land
for dimes and find an abode elsewhere. “Our localities also don’t have proper electricity supply and we use Kundas (temporary
connection) sanctioned to us through the KESC. Often when heavy vehicles pass the roads, the low-hanging Kunda
connections come down and the cables fall into the pool of water ever present below. They remain lying there for a long time
even after a dozen complaints have been made. A donkey and a goat have died of electrocution when they were drinking from
the same pool. A child also got a severe shock when he walked into the pool while playing,” said Bhutto.

The foundation of several houses has started shifting and shaking. The brick house in the picture has tilted to one side. The
floors of houses have started developing cracks as if they are made of chipboard. They cannot bear much weight, and due to
the rising water levels, if put under weight for long, water discharge starts.

There is a several feet deep water-filled ditch near the main junction of this project, which is located closer to the Yousuf Goth.
Tanker services are benefiting from this water day in and day out. The ditch has formed because the valve of the junction went
out of order shortly after installation. Several complaints have been filed with the town Nazim of Gadap as well as the KW&SB
officials. The executive engineer at the KW&SB responsible for this project said his team cannot replace the valve; neither
could they mend it.

If this water is channelised properly it could benefit its rightful receivers — the residents of the Goths. The increasing
waterlogging has destroyed the land of Aliabad, Dhani Bakhsh Goth, Business and Professional Society, Yousuf Goth, Gulshan
Akakhel completely. It is also badly reflecting on the prices of land in these areas.

Several people, who have tried to move out of their houses here, are finding it difficult to sell their land at the desired price. The
project that was initially aimed at bringing convenience to the people has become the biggest source of trouble for them ever
since it was started. The residents wait impatiently for the authorities to take necessary action and rid them of this situation.
(By Asra Pasha, The News-3, 02/10/2006)

Supply of filthy water to Baldia flayed

KARACHI, Oct 4: Thousands of residents of Baldia Town have been compelled to use gutter-mixed water for the last many
months due to negligence of the officials concerned, said the office-bearers of Pasban on Wednesday.

Pasban Karachi President Ashraf Hussain, Deputy Secretary General Sohrab Gul, Pasban Baldia President Muhammad
Arshad visited different parts of Baldia Town including Saeedabad, Noorul Islam Road, Sarhad Road, Madina Colony and
Awami Street in UC-6 to assess the situation.

“Due to leakage in water and sewerage lines, sewage is getting mixed into the drinking water,” they said, adding that gutters
are overflowing at every nook and corner in these areas.

They said that 30-year-old water and sewerage lines in these areas needed repair and replacement. They charged that leakage
points had been pointed out, and several written complaints during the last six months had been lodged with Baldia Town
Nazim, UC Nazims, TMO and KWSB MD but in vain.

They said that citizens were forced to purchase water through tanker mafia due to apathy of the elected representatives and
authorities concerned.
They termed the situation alarming and urged Chief Minister Arbab Rahim, City Nazim Mustafa Kamal and higher authorities of
the KWSB to take immediate notice of the situation and order repair of the outdated pipelines.
(Dawn-18, 05/10/2006)

Restructuring in KWSB
KARACHI, Oct 4: The Karachi Water and Sewerage Board has separated the bulk consumer department, industrial consumer
and government departments for timely dispatch and collection of bills to improve the recoveries and distribution system of bills.

According to a KWSB press release issued on Wednesday, KWSB MD Brig Iftikhar Haider had restructured the meter
consumer cell by giving it under the supervision of superintendent engineer of bulk water supply department and eliminating the
post of in-charge meter consumer cell. Expert engineers and experienced revenue staff had also been appointed for the new
setup.

The meter workshop department was also separated and a sub-engineer was appointed for bulk consumer. Besides, two
industrial zones were formed.

Industrial areas of Landhi and Korangi were declared as Zone-I where as Zone-II would be comprised of Federal B. Industrial
Area and North Karachi Industrial Area. For these industrial zones, deputy directors were deputed who would be the
responsible for all recoveries and distribution of bills.

Director bulk department would report to superintendent engineer about administrative issues while he would report to chief
revenue officer about technical matters.

All meter consumers, who did not belong to industry, bulk consumer or government, were also being transferred and in this
regard directors bulk water supply was asked to prepare a list of consumers and send it to the town administration.

Chief Engineer Bulk would directly monitor the issues of recoveries and increase in bulk consumers and revenue. Another unit
was formed for taking action against defaulting consumers. A sub-engineer would led the unit and report to the executive
engineer.

Superintendent engineer would pay surprise visits to check the performance of the officials and ensure proper water supply.

He would also watch the performance of executive engineers, assistant executive engineers and meter readers.
(Dawn-19, 05/10/2006)

Affected people to be compensated: Mangla Dam

RAWALPINDI, Oct 5: Azad Jammu and Kashmir Prime Minister Sardar Atique Ahmed Khan on Thursday said relocation of
people affected by Mangla Dam upraising project was the top priority of the government.

“No body can pay for the sacrifices Mangla Dam-affected people made by lending their land to the government for the project.
We respect their sacrifices and we will try to give them maximum relief,” he said.

He was talking to a delegation of affected people, headed by Chaudhry Mohammad Siddique, former development department
chairman, which called on him here.

“We will compensate them in a manner that they will forget their grief for their lost homes that came under water,” he held.

The AJK PM also held out his assurance that the government would try its utmost to alleviate the grievances of affected people
vis-a-vis Wapda.

Sardar Attique said the package announced by President Gen Pervez Musharraf for Mangla Dam-affected people would be
implemented in letter and spirit.

The premier said the kind of allegiance people of Mirpur showed to Pakistan was tremendous, and they would be compensated
in a befitting manner.

He said Mirpur was the city of affected people and the government would launch mega development projects to make it a city
of international standard.
(Dawn-2, 06/10/2006)

Body set up for reforms in KWSB

KARACHI, Oct 10: Sindh minister for local government and kachchi abadies Mohammad Hussain Khan said on Tuesday that
the KWSB needed to be organized on modern lines, and as such its entire record should be computerized, having all minor
details of pipelines and other installations.

Speaking at a briefing of the board which was also attended by City Nazim and chairman of KWSB, Mustafa Kamal, the
minister said that the KWSB is an operational institution and hence it should work on war footings, especially for provision of
potable water to Karachities.

Mr Hussain said that no department in the city can implement its projects and schemes unless Karachi Water and Sewerage
Board is not taken on board.

The KWSB has to generate its own resources and improve recovery and collection of bills to gain financial strength and
viability, he observed.
He stressed for more reforms in the board and assured that the local government department would extend all possible help to
formulate a sound strategy.

The minister also agreed to the setting up of a reforms committee for bringing institutionalized and financial reforms in the water
board.

Referring to the monthly billing system of the board, the minister said that timely distribution of these bills should be ensured.

He appreciated board's scheme of provision of water to 1500 schools and said thousands of students will be benefited from this
facility.

He underlined the need for establishment of a training institute for the workforce of KWSB to utilize the expertise of retired
technical staff of the board.

At this institute, experienced and retired employees can transfer their knowledge to the comparatively new staff of the board
through lectures, seminars, workshops and also by holding regular classes.

It would not only preserve their knowledge but would also ensure better maintenance of the system of the board, he added.

KWSB MD Brig Iftikhar Haider informed the minister that there are over 150 water pumping stations, 25 bulk reservoirs and
installations, eight water filter plants and three sewerage treatment plants.

The board has 20 sewerage pumping stations, over 11,000 kilometres of pipelines and 25,000,000 pipeline joints, he added.

It has also 75 kilometres of canals, over 1000 millions gallons of fluids, 400,000 valves, and 250,000 manholes. It has only 2.55
employees per 1,000 consumers and to give a highly effective service this ratio should be enhanced to six employees per
1,000, he added.

He further informed that 18 towns of Karachi have been divided into three zones under zonal chief engineer, Zone-I included
Landhi, Korangi, Malir, Shah Faisal and Bin Qasim, Towns Zone-II is comprises Gulshan, Jamshed, Lyari, Liaquatabad, Saddar
and Keamari Towns, while Zone-III consists of Baldia, Orangi, SITE, Gadap, North Karachi, Gulberg and North Nazimabad
towns.

Informing the minister about K-III project, the managing director said the project has been completed at a cost of Rs6.3 billion
and has a capacity of 100mgd for the city.

He said Rs900 million have been allocated for improvement of water and sewerage in 18 towns of Karachi which will be spent
equally.

Removal of encroachments over drains and nullahs is under way at various places so as to ensure smooth flow of sewerage
and rain water, he added.

He further informed that a study for alternative route for K-IV has been awarded and work on construction of phase-I of K-IV
(150mgd) for Karachi would commence in January 2007, he added.
He further added that the first fully equipped customer service centre is being established at 9th Mile Kasaz which will be linked
with City District Government Karachi and will function round-the-clock.

A civil society cell has also been established to interact with community and enable user participation, he said.

The managing director further said that the monthly billing system has been adopted from July 2006 and to facilitate consumers
now there were 500 branches of five banks receiving these bills.

He said that an amount of Rs500 million have so far been collected from August last while in September 2006, nearly one
million bills were distributed. He also requested for constitution of an accountable, independent and effective reforms
committee, board of directors or governing body to manage and implement institutional reforms and resolve key issues.
(Dawn-19, 11/10/2006)

Nazim orders installation of generators at pumping stations

KARACHI: City Nazim Syed Mustafa Kamal has directed arranging of generators at all the pumping stations of the KW&SB, so
that monopoly of pumping stations staff be ended.
A campaign should be launched against illegal connections through mainlines. Water sewerage lines be separated and a PC- I
be prepared to lay down a water pipeline for Malir Town.

The KW&SB engineers are technical experts and they should have a complete know- how. They should ensure water supply to
the city.

This was stated by the Nazim while addressing Union council and Nazims at Malir Town on Friday. The Nazim said it had been
seen that due to sudden power failure water supply to the city was suspended confronting citizens with problems, particularly in
those areas where there was zoning system and due to this when power is restored these consumers’ turn comes very late.

Due to this difficult situation these people are deprived of water and as such generators at these pumping stations are
essential. He directed that water supply in Malir Town be assured and directed preparation of a PC-I to install generators as an
alternative at pumping stations. He also issued instructions that nobody should have a monopoly at pumping stations and
action be taken against those who were resorting to such unethical and illegal practices.

He asked that water distribution should be equal to all the areas without any discrimination.
The Nazim directed separation of water and sewerage lines and that these lines are located at the opposite ends of the road to
stop contamination of water.
(The News-3, 15/10/2006)
 Construction of water reservoirs;
CDWP to okay Rs.152.511bn for land acquisition
ISLAMABAD: The Central Development Working Party (CDWP) that is to meet on October 19 with Deputy Chairman Planning
Commission Dr Akram Sheikh in the chair, is all set to approve Rs 152.511 billion for land acquisition and resettlement of
people who will be displaced due to the construction of major reservoirs of Diamer-Bhasha, Akhori and the most controversial
mega water project of Kalabagh dam.

The Kalabagh dam is the most controversial project on which consensus has so far not been developed among the four
federating units.

In case, the CDWP takes up the project of land acquisition for Kalabagh dam, the government will have to face the wrath of the
NWFP and Sindh — the federating units which are severely opposing this project.

According to sources in Wapda, the concerned provincial governments have already been asked for undertaking the process of
purchasing land for the mega water projects. The process of purchasing land for even Kalabagh dam on which a consensus
among the four federating units needs to be developed has kicked off. The land revenue officers at district and Tehsil levels in
the Punjab have been directed to be active and start work on purchasing the land.

Responding to a question one of the top officials of Wapda told The News that a consensus would be developed later, but the
most important thing was to acquire the land for the project as the cost of land would increase manifold till censuses was
achieved.

A senior official of the Ministry of Water and Power said the CDWP would approve Rs 57.6 billion for land acquisition and
resettlement of affected people of the Kalabagh dam. Under the land acquisition and resettlement plan a total area of about
140,406 acres of land comprising reservoir areas, working areas need to be acquired for the project.

According to estimates about 10,424 houses with 13,225,356 sq ft covered area are likely to be affected with the construction
of the project. The official said resettlement villages are proposed to be constructed near the project in Mianwali Tehsil in the
Punjab and Kohat and Nowshera in the NWFP to accommodate mainly the people to be dislocated due to pre-construction
activities and portion of the population to be vacated from the working area and reservoir area falling in Issa Khel and Mianwali
Tehsils of the Punjab and Kohat and Nowshera districts. He said a total of 120,000 persons, out of which 78,000 in the Punjab
and 42,000 in the NWFP would be affected.

To provide housing facilities, 27 villages with 400 houses each, comprising of 100 houses of 1 Kanal, 200 of ten Marlas and
100 of 5 Marlas are proposed to be constructed.

Under the land acquisition and resettlement plan for the Kalabagh dam Rs 839.21 million will be spent for land acquisition and
resettling the people in first year after approval by the CDWP, Rs 8.890 billion in second year, Rs 15.549 billion in third year, Rs
18.531 billion in fourth and Rs 13.854 billion will be used in fifth year.

The official said the CDWP meeting would also approve Rs 27.824 billion for the acquisition of land and resettlement of the
people to be affected in the wake of construction of Diamer-Bhasha dam. Under the proposed project, Rs 10.76 billion will be
spent for acquisition of agriculture/barren land, tree and nurseries and Rs 1.638 billion to be utilised for properties &
infrastructure, Rs 8.8 billion for establishment of nine model villages, Rs 62.119 million for pay & allowances for administration
arrangement and Rs 17.7 million for contingent administrative expenses. The project also includes the escalation cost of Rs
2.234 billion at the rate of 6 per cent per year for 5 years and interest of Rs 4.309 billion during the implementation at the rate of
9 per cent.

The CDWP meeting, the official said, would also approve Rs 67 billion for acquisition of land and re-settlement of the people
who will be displaced because of the construction of Akhori dam.
(By Khalid Mustafa, The News-1, 15/10/2006)

Restructuring of KWSB
THE Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) is at present in need of a major overhaul, with respect to aspects related to
both institutional development and the systems/ facilities rehabilitation, placed within the context of overall sector-based
institutional and governance reforms.

In this regard, the recent efforts undertaken by the KWSB management are timely and creditable in that they are focused on
building capacity within the institution for improved technical and financial management.

Sustainable service delivery improvements are not achievable unless technical and financial inputs are driven by effective and
accountable institutions – clearly accountable to legitimate political authority and consumers, and with full responsibility for
operational management.

There is now a need on the part of the KWSB to convince the consumers of the technical and financial viability of their plans
and proposals in order to gain the much needed public acceptance and legitimacy for reforms.

It is vitally important that issues such as the ‘cost of inaction’ are properly communicated to the common consumer. For
example, how the 24-hour water supply may cut down the need to construct underground and overhead water storage tanks
and extensive plumbing fixtures that account for a significant portion of the construction cost of a new home.

How supply of properly treated clean drinking water would cut down on the gas consumption accrued while boiling water many
times a day and save the money now being spent by consumers on the installation of expensive water filtration systems.

Then there are the savings in health costs. Supply of clean drinking water would result in improved health and subsequent
savings in health-related expenditure.
Similarly, an improved sewerage system would mean fewer overflowing sewers that are sources of many diseases – yet again
savings in health costs.

It is, therefore, extremely important that improved services leading to possible tariff adjustments are effectively linked with
savings in cost at present being spent by the consumer in a manner that a common consumer can easily make the necessary
linkages and is better placed to make an informed decision in favour of any proposed change.

Merely government-driven sector reforms and organisational changes would have limited effect, unless all stakeholders are
properly informed about and involved in the reform process.

Numerous examples can be cited where the most technically sound reform proposals failed because they were not properly
communicated to and owned by the many influential stakeholders.

This means that institutional arrangements should be arrived at only once their credibility has been built in close partnership
with the key stakeholders.

In this regard, it is felt that the forum of the ‘Civil Society Liaison Cell’, another commendable initiative of the present KWSB
management, is well placed to play a pro-active role in seeking stakeholder consensus and support for the ongoing reform
process.

FARHAN ANWAR Karachi

(Dawn-6, 16/10/2006)

Can Orangi’s chronic water problems be overcome?

KARACHI: Artificial and non-artificial water scarcity in Orangi Town is one of the central issues facing local residents. Old and
damaged water pipelines, illegal connections, haphazard water connection networks, incomplete structures of pipeline
distribution and an unawareness of by-pass laws, all make up what is a serious problem for both residents and authorities alike.

While there has been a sharp increase in its population, the town still receives the same quantity of water as it did according to
an old formula from the 1985-90 periods.

Though an official claims that Orangi receives 19 MGD (Million Gallon Water) on each alternative day from its sources, local
residents say that the supply is not sufficient and that this setup, which provides water very erratically, was unacceptable to
them. They need a proper and permanent setup to fulfill basic needs.

The sources mentioned by the official, the Hub reservoir and Kinjhar Lake, offer-up only two main water pipelines, which are
used to feed the entire Orangi Town.

People talking to The News said that water is supplied on alternative days in their respective towns while, in some areas, water
comes after fifty hours, and other outskirt-areas, such as Ghaziabad, Gulshan-e-Zia, Gulshan-e-Bihar, Raja Tanveer Conlony,
Raees Amrohi Colony, Baywa Colony and Faqir Colony, get water after an interval of 13 days or sometimes even longer due to
electricity shortages or other technical faults in the system.

Only the residents of Sector 15, Union Council 8, were satisfied with both the supply and quality of water, claiming that they get
water with good pressure and mostly without any bad taste or colour.

Most Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) claim that Orangi Town has a population of close to 1.8 million — a number
that sharply conflicts with the official figure that is maintained to be between 0.8 and 1 million.

The NGOs were also of the view that the distribution channel was improper for various reasons. According to them, Orangi has
only two main connections for water, which surely could not cater to the population load and, secondly, every industrial unit has
access to fresh water. The water supplied to these industrial units far exceeded consumption and requirement levels.

Another issue is that of illegal connections from the water supply line. That almost 80 to 85 percent of the people are involved in
water theft is one of the points on which officials, local residents and NGOs agree.

The channels of water run parallel to the two main thoroughfares of the town, Shahrae Orangi and Shahrae Gaddafi.
Government spokespersons say that the Shahrae Orangi network has a network of 48 inch pipelines and Shahrae Gaddafi has
a network of 36 inch lanes, but activists of the Orangi Project Pilot and others claim that they had only two lanes of 33 and 36
inches in Orangi.

Union Council (UC) numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and partially blocks of 7, 9 and 12 are situated around Shahrae Orangi. Whereas UC
numbers 6, 8, 10, 11, 13 and the remaining blocks of 7, 9 and 12 are covered by Shahrae Gaddafi.

The UCs receive water every 22 hours but, in some cases the time duration may vary depending upon the location and height
of the area from the ground level.

Local residents of UC 4, 5 and 9 filed complaints against the poor quality of water supplied in their areas whereas people from
UCs 5, 6 and 7 were complaining against water scarcity in their respective localities. People also said that less numbers of
pumping station in their respective areas are another reason of water dearth.

Surprisingly, both main lanes have three pumping stations each in their channel. People were also arguing that the number of
pumping stations should be increased.

Shahfiq Ahmed, president of Bilal Welfare Trust, Sector 111/2, said that authorities should also monitor valve-men as, in some
areas, they were to blame for water shortages This kind of artificial scarcity is never checked by the officials, local residents
claimed during a survey.

Several welfare committees of UC 6 came up with a proposal that the town administration should position a 30 or 33 inch water
pipeline coming up the Surjani route, which would connect directly to the main 66 inch line. According to them, this new line
would, by and large, facilitate the 0.4 million people claimed to be residing in UC 6, 7 and 8.

They further said that other UCs, such as 4, 5 and 9 would also reap the benefits of the new line. They also claimed that this
project would minimise the total cost spent on current system.

Muhammad Ovais Malik, Superintendent Engineer at the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board, believed that the lack of
equipment, improper mapping, and negligence in previous work are the main reasons for the water scarcity in Orangi Town. He
also said that unclipped pipelines are another source of water shortage. People with illegal connections leave joints untapped
and, as a result, water is lost in huge quantities.

Water lines are mostly installed parallel to, or in cross connections with, nullahs, which again is a big problem as it allows sewer
water to blend with the water pipelines causing an outbreak of diseases or, sometimes, creates water scarcity, he added. He
also said that water lines were mostly laid below nullahs.

Pipeline leakages could not be tracked-down during the supply time due to the presence of slums and other illegal
constructions and a lack of proper planning and mapping in the area.

Ovais Malik also pointed out that the wide use of suction pumps at both domestic and commercial levels is another major
problem causing an artificial shortage of water in the town. He said that if people avoid the use of suction pumps, they would
receive water with good pressure.

He added that, “both water and sewerage lines have a life span of approximately 10-12 years, yet these lines are still in use.
Officials never think of changing damaged pipelines. This condition also creates a lot of problems at both ends.”

Effectively locating and maintaining the damage was quite difficult since exact locations and points were unavailable due the
uneven deployment of pipelines and inaccurate maps, Ovais Malik added.

He also said that waste and other dust particles gather at the bottom of the ignored pipelines which are left uncapped by illegal
connections.

“Now several new projects are under consideration and one plan has been approved by the higher authorities. It will be started
soon and I am sure that these projects will help us completely overcome the long-standing issue of water scarcity in Orangi
Town”, a confident Ovais Malik concluded.
(By Muhammad Zeeshan Azmat, The News-3, 17/10/2006)

Three mega dams;

CDWP fails to approve funds for land acquisition
ISLAMABAD: In the wake of concerns shown by the NWFP at some aspects of the Akhori dam, the Central Development
Working Party (CDWP) on Thursday failed to approve Rs 152.511 billion projects for the acquisition of land and the
resettlement of people to be displaced by the construction of major reservoirs, including Diamer-Bhasha, Akhori and Kalabagh.

At a meeting of the CWDP here on Thursday with Deputy Chairman Planning Commission Dr Akram Sheikh in the chair, the
NWFP raised some reservations over the proposed Akhori dam with regard to environment aspects of the project, infuriating Dr
Sheiekh, who lashed out at the provincial government and Wapda for not completing their homework in this respect.

Dr Akram mentioned that in the previous CDWP meeting the project was deferred, but once again the NWFP and Wapda have
not completed their homework on this vital project. “We cannot afford further delay in approving the said projects,” sources
quoted him as saying.

The sources also quoted Dr Sheikh as saying he wanted to get at least a project approved for the land acquisition and
resettlement of the Diamer-Bhasha dam, but that too could not materialise.

However, Asad Ali Shah, member infrastructure and energy said at a press briefing after the daylong CDWP meeting that a
committee headed by Secretary Water and Power Ashfaq Mehmood and comprising the chairman of the Punjab Planning
Division, the additional secretaries of Sindh, Balochistan and the NWFP and the federal secretary of the Planning Division as
members, has been constituted to which prepare a detailed implementation plan of the five dams — Kalabagh, Diamer-Basha,
Akhori, Munda, and Kurram Tangi — announced by President Musharraf on January 17.

“The committee will also furnish recommendations in detail with regard to acquisition of land, environmental aspects and
resettlement issues in detail in its whole implementation plan of the five mega water reservoirs by November 3 and the CDWP
meeting will approve the said projects in mid- December this year.”

Shah said the government would soon issue a notification under Section for the acquisition of land for the dams, including
Kalabagh, Akhori, Munda, and Kurram Tangi. However, the government has already issued a notification under Section 4 for
the acquisition of land for the Diamer-Bhasha dam.

Shah said the committee would come up with a detailed implementation plan for the dams, which were to be operational by
2016. It has been decided that land acquisition process will be completed in two years and the resettlement of the people to be
displaced by the five dams will be completed in three years, he noted.

When asked if Sindh has opposed the land acquisition and the resettlement of the people to be displaced by the Kalabagh
dam, Shah said the construction of the five dams, including Kalabagh, had been approved by the cabinet and announced by
President Musharraf. However, according to sources, Sindh did not oppose the Kalabagh dam project in the meeting.

The sources said the land acquisition and the resettlement of affected people of the Kalabagh dam would cost Rs 57.6 billion.
Under the land acquisition and resettlement plan, about 140,406 acres comprising reservoir and working areas need to be
acquired for the project.

According to estimates, about 10,424 houses with a covered area of 13,225,356 sq ft are likely to be affected by the project.
Shah said that the resettlement villages is proposed to be constructed near the project in the Mianwali Tehsil in the Punjab and
Kohat and Nowshera in the NWFP to accommodate mainly people to be dislocated due to pre-construction activities and a
portion of population to be vacated from the working area and the reservoir area falling in the Issa Khel and Mianwali Tehsils of
the Punjab and the Kohat and Nowshera districts in the NWFP. As many as 78,000 inhabitants of the Punjab and 42,000 of the
NWFP will be affected.

To provide housing facilities, 27 villages with 400 houses each, comprising 100 houses of one Kanal each, 200 of ten marlas
and 100 of five marlas have been proposed to be constructed. Under the land acquisition and resettlement plan for the
Kalabagh dam project, Rs 839.21 million will be spent in the first year after approval by the CDWP, Rs 8.890 billion in the
second year, Rs 15.549 billion in the third year, Rs 18.531 billion in the fourth year and Rs 13.854 billion in the fifth year.

The acquisition of land and resettlement of the people to be affected in the wake of the construction of the Diamer-Bhasha dam
will cost Rs 27.824 billion. Under the project, Rs 10.76 billion will be spent on the acquisition of agriculture/barren land, trees
and nurseries and Rs 1.638 billion will be utilised for properties and infrastructure, Rs 8.8 billion for the establishment for nine
model villages, Rs 62.119 million for pay & allowances for administration arrangement, Rs 17.7 million for contingent
administrative expenses. The project also includes an escalation cost of Rs 2.234 billion at the rate six per cent per year for five
years and interest of Rs 4.309 billion during the implementation at the rate of nine per cent. A heavy sum Rs 67 billion will be
spent on the acquisition of land and re-settlement of the people to be displaced because of the construction of the Akhori dam.
(By Khalid Mustafa, The News-1, 20/10/2006)

Plan to acquire land for big dams shelved

ISLAMABAD, Oct 19: The centre on Thursday put on hold Rs167 billion acquisition of land for three mega dams - Bhasha,
Kalabagh and Akhori - when Sindh and NWFP governments protested over not taking them into confidence while finalising
technical studies.

The centre, however, asked the provincial governments to issue letters under section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act to ban sale
and purchase of land by private parties around the dams’ sites that could trigger cost escalation and speculative buying.

Planning Commission’s member infrastructure and energy Dr Asad Ali Shah told reporters after a meeting of the Central
development Working Party that the meeting also allocated Rs150 million to start feasibility studies of six additional sites for
nuclear power plants with an expected power generation capacity of about 2,700mw.

He said three projects would have 600mw capacity each and three 300mw each. The sites identified include Qadirabad on the
Bulloki link canal, Dera Ghazi Khan canal near the Tuansa barrage, Taunsa-Punjnad canal near Multan, Nara canal near
Sukkur, Pat Feeder canal near Guddu and the Kabul River near Nowshera.

This is part of the government target to enhance nuclear power generation to 8,800mw by 2030.

The CDWP meeting, presided over by Planning Commission deputy chairman Dr Akram Shaikh, cleared 37 projects worth
Rs232.4 billion, including 20 projects of Rs208 billion in infrastructure and 15 projects in social sectors at a cost of Rs22.6
billion.

When asked if some civil and military officers were buying land in the areas falling in the dams’ sites and in their close vicinity,
Mr Shah said the meeting had asked the provinces to try to ensure that land prices did not escalate ahead of land acquisition
for the dams and efficiently handle the process.

He sidestepped another question if a member of the ruling party was purchasing land in areas close to the Kalabagh dam and
the Akhori dam.

He said the CDWP considered land acquisition for Kalabagh, Bhasha and Akhori dams and felt that the president had already
taken a decision to complete five major dams by 2016. Therefore, it constituted a committee led by secretary for water and
power Ashfaq Mahmood and comprising members, infrastructure, of the four provinces and the Planning Commission to
prepare a detailed and integrated implementation programme for all projects, instead of having a piecemeal approach.

He said the committee had been asked to conduct, keeping in view comments of the provinces, impact assessments project by
project and province by province to the environment, displacement, social and resettlement aspects of the dams and suggest
what measures had been envisaged to minimise negative impacts.

The committee would complete its task by Nov 30 and the next CDWP meeting in December would consider the
implementation programme.

Inside sources said officials of Sindh and the NWFP opposed approval of land acquisition costs by the CDWP that led to
constitution of the Ashfaq-led inter-provincial committee to resolve the outstanding issues.

An official said the two provinces were critical of Wapda and the Water and Power Ministry for conducting studies on
construction of dams and their land estimation and acquisition without bringing it to the knowledge of the provincial authorities.
(By Khaleeq Kiani, Dawn-16, 20/10/2006)

Lyari pipeline issue sparks outrage

KARACHI: Recently, residents of Lyari demonstrated in large numbers against the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board
(KW&SB) and the Lyari Town administration on the Machar Colony Road. The demonstration was aimed at the artificial
shortage of water in their respective localities. Hardly a single day goes by in Lyari without women and children taking to the
streets to express their frustrations.

The concerns of Lyari town, one of the oldest localities of the city, in various aspects of life, have been neglected over time and,
according to residents, this exercise has been in practice for many years. The angry inhabitants said they were feeling helpless
in the situation and that none of the monitoring or regulatory bodies would entertain their grievances.
The town consists of 11 Union Councils (UC) and, according to official figures, has a population of almost 0.6 million — a
number that is disputed by locals who say that it is one of the tactics used to deprive the area residents of their rights.

“The official quota of water supply for the town is 13 MGD (Million Gallon Water) per day, but, in actuality, it receives only 5 to 6
MGD per day,” Saeed Ghani, leader of opposition in the city council informed this reporter.

He added that though the City District Government had announced an additional supply of 6 MGD of water from the K-III
project to Lyari town, it was not yet supplied. The main hurdle behind the artificial water scarcity in town, according to him, was
a dispute between the contractors and authorities. He believed the dispute to be the product of a non-payment matter that has
since resulted in a halt in any kind of development work.

One of the activists claimed that water pipelines had already been deployed near the Bihar Colony pumping station but, from
that point on, not a single pipe was installed with work being abandoned because of the contractor’s refusal to proceed without
payment.

On the other hand, some area people contradicted this belief, stating that the 12 inch pipes were laid from the Bihar Colony
pumping station up to Eidu Lane. They said that only 10 to 12 pipes remained to be installed when suddenly the construction
team left the field without informing local residents, after which there has been no progress for the last one-and-a-half months.

Haji Muhammad Ashraf, General Councillor, UC-6, said that his UC contains a population of over 60,000 including some well-
known areas such as Shahbaig Lane, Phoolpati Lane, Ali Mohammad Mohalla, Soomro Mohalla. Each of these areas had been
facing water-shortages for many years, but the level of scarcity over the last few months has been making lives especially
difficult.

In Ashraf’s opinion, the scenario has worsened since the induction of the union council system, with water supply from
domestic taps becoming an exception rather than a norm. Furthermore, when it does come, the smell and bitter taste of the
water supply makes consumption almost impossible.

The whole town was being deprived of basic rights and water scarcity was only one of the issues, lamented Haji Ashraf.
Surveys revealed the extent of the lack of work, asserting that of the project’s total length of nine kilometres, only 400 feet of
pipeline has been laid to date.

Abdul Sattar, General Councillor UC-10, informed this correspondent that like other UCs his area, too, suffered from water-
shortage and, though a part of the local administration, he was unable to help his area’s people due to mismanagement at the
top level.

According to him, the higher authorities were not seriously focusing on the matter owing to a total lack of interest, and,
therefore, Katchi Memons, a majority in Chakiwara and its nearby localities, were trying to improve the conditions on their own.

This perpetual negligence has caused people to panic and demonstrations in the area were one of the only ways in which local
residents could vent their frustration and anger against the concerned authorities.

“The problem is aggravating day after day and we are now at a point of no return,” said people from Garib Shah Lane. Water
supply to Eidghah Lane has been interrupted for the last 8-9 days without any prior notice and reason, Abdul Sattar stated,
adding that Chahkiwara-2 had been complaining about the water-shortage for the last three months but to no avail.

The lack of supply from official sources had left people in the area with no choice but to buy water at exorbitant rates from the
water-tanker mafia or from alternative suppliers selling water on donkey-carts. People’s requests for compensation, at least for
the month of Ramazan, were only met with meaningless verbal promises.

Malik Muhammad Fayyaz, the Town Nazim, said that due to waterlogging and salinity there had been some conflict between
consultations, which is why the contractor’s work was not in full swing, however, the matter would be solved in the coming
days.

He added that several notices have been issued to the KW&SB and now, on the direction of the City Nazim, pipelines
employing the latest salinity-combating technology, known “PE”, were being introduced in Lyari town.

He said that Rs2 million were allocated from the budget for the improvement of the water supply. Also, Lyari was to be
facilitated with a new 33-inch pipeline, which, on completion, would surely resolve one of the oldest issues of the town.

“Once we complete the project, we will be able to provide 15 MGD (per day) to the town,” he stated. Malik Muhammad Fayyaz
claimed that while the acute water shortage was already disturbing normal routines, some illegal elements were adding to their
woes by interfering with the supply pipelines to further personal agendas. Such people, according to him, should be identified
and strict action taken against their criminal activities.
(By Muhammad Zeeshan Azmat, The News-4, 24/10/2006)

WB drafts plan for Indus Basin project

WASHINGTON, Oct 28: The World Bank has drafted a plan to tackle salinisation and water-logging in its Indus Basin project in
Pakistan, the world’s largest irrigation system.

Previous World Bank assistance focused on repairs of breaches in canal embankments, removal of debris deposited in the
canal prisms and repair of control structures, drainage structures and water storage infrastructure.

The proposed plan is more comprehensive and includes some of the suggestions Pakistan had submitted to the bank in 2004
along with its national water resources strategy. A World Bank inspection panel, convened after complaints from Pakistanis in
2004, concluded in July that the $785 million World Bank project did not sufficiently take into account the downstream effects
on local residents.

The World Bank has already spent $18 million on improving living conditions in the affected areas since 2004 and is proposing
a flood management and coastal development plan between now and 2009, as well as improving the irrigation and drainage
infrastructure between 2009 and 2016.

The World Bank report, prepared ahead of an Oct 31 board meeting on the plan, says that there are risks to delaying
implementation of the plan, “as well as risks arising from technical factors, difficulties in reaching consensus.”

The national water resources strategy that Pakistan submitted to the bank in 2004, suggested:

— providing an updated comprehensive water sector plan up to year 2025 for guidance on investment planning and
management of water sector and a medium term investment plan up to year 2011

— Sought suggestions for specific investment proposals responsive to the national development programme.

Pakistan’s irrigation system is the largest integrated irrigation network in the world, serving 36 million acres of contiguous
cultivated land.

The irrigated agriculture system fed by the Indus and its tributaries account for about a quarter of Pakistan’s gross domestic
product, two-thirds of its employment and about 80 per cent of its exports.

The system includes three major storage reservoirs with live storage capacity of 12.7 mega acre feet. There are 80 small dams
and barrages, 19 inter-river link canals and 12 independent irrigation canal commands.

Responding to the recent drought and political conflicts over water, Pakistan has proposed a huge investment programme in
water resources development. Under this plan, nearly $8 billion will be spent over the next 10 years and over $30 billion by
2025. More than three-fourths of this investment would be for new storage dams, hydropower capacity, and for new canals.

Non-governmental organisations, however, oppose World Bank funding of a new canal and dam network in Pakistan.

They complain that the Indus delta already faces major degradation threats that could well result in catastrophe.

The major cause of destruction of the delta is the reduction in the flow of fresh water from the Indus. As the delta dries up and
the mangrove forests decline, the sea is slowly sweeping in. The delta is now said to be only 10 per cent of its original area.
(Dawn-3, 29/10/2006)

NOVEMBER

Mangla disaster revisited

THE lack of internal accountability in Wapda beggars belief. It has taken the water and power authority 14 years to finally admit
its culpability in the worst man-made disaster in the history of the country, and that too under intense pressure from the
National Assembly’s Public Accounts Committee (PAC). Faced with rising reservoir levels, engineers at Mangla Dam clearly
panicked on September 9, 1992, and suddenly released some 900,000 cusecs without due warning. A wall of water, described
by eyewitnesses as twenty feet high, rushed into the villages and army garrisons situated below the dam, killing over 500
people and washing away entire settlements. Besides the loss of life and property, the disaster also came with a political price,
widening as it did the growing chasm between the armed forces and the civilian government headed by Mr Nawaz Sharif. The
Mangla corps commander at the time laid the blame on Wapda which, in turn, tried to absolve the authority’s top management
of any wrongdoing. In a classic case of passing the buck, Wapda argued that the scope of the investigation should be confined
to those manning the dam.

The government of the day, for its part, constituted a committee to look into the tragedy. A leading magazine had this to say in
October 1992: “So far, nothing concrete has emerged, except official promises of redressal to the affectees on the basis of the
cabinet committee’s report. Given the history of similar reports, the people whose lives have been destroyed by the floods may
have a long wait ahead of them.” Fourteen years on, compensation is still unlikely even though Wapda’s guilt now appears to
have been established beyond doubt. According to the water and power secretary, compensating the Mangla affectees would
open the floodgates of demands from “victims of similar tragedies”. An audit department official present at the PAC meeting
was also opposed to the idea, claiming that Wapda would be inundated with false claims because entire families had been
wiped out. But there are survivors who need to be identified. Wapda, which brought the entire country to a standstill on Sept 24
this year when the national grid collapsed, cannot be let off the hook in this cavalier manner. Justice has been inordinately
delayed, but it must not be denied.
(Dawn-7, 01/11/2006)

A watertight development model

The same old top-down approach mars the project to set up water filtration plants across the country.
Its failure, therefore, is a foregone conclusion

By Dr Noman Ahmed
On October 19, some sections of the press reported that the president had expressed his disappointment on the slow progress
on 'Drinking Water for All by 2007' Project. A total of 6,035 water purification plants were to be installed in various union
councils in the country by the next year but only 554 plants have been installed so far. The government, which aims to extend
pure drinking water services to about 93 percent of the total population by 2015, appears to be lagging behind the target by a
huge margin. This is because the target was not set through any home grown policy analysis in the first place. It has been
imposed by various supervising donor agencies that determine the overall scenario of development in almost every social and
economic sector. Also, in pursuing the target, the government functionaries have evolved half hearted and cosmetically drawn
measures that are bound to fail without achieving even a fraction of the stipulated goals.
In retrospect, the government approaches have always aimed at creating or delivering hardware elements in development.
Water reservoirs, underground trunks, secondary lines, pumping stations, purification plants, connector conduits and tube wells
are few of the components that constitute the end product of many development schemes that have been going on for
decades. But very few of them have generated the desirable outcomes. Faulty design of components, incorrect feasibilities,
lack of management capacities amongst the operating agencies, absence of community willingness to relate to the hardware,
cost and time over runs and inappropriate technology are some of the commonly observed shortcomings found in these
ventures. For example, a 100,000 gallons water supply reservoir was constructed during 1990s in Orangi -- a suburban low
income settlement in Karachi. The reservoir was constructed far away from the supply network with the remotest of possibilities
of pumped-up filling. Even the ordinary people objected to its design. The obvious happened. After its inauguration by the then
prime minister in 1996, the reservoir has never functioned for a single day. All Rs 130 million spent on it have gone down the
drain. There are many similar examples that can be cited from all the four provinces and Azad Kashmir.

It is surprising to find that the federal government is fiddling with drinking water supply down to the level of fixing taps. It is a
well established fact that potable water supply is a municipal subject. The promulgation and enforcement of Local Government
Ordinance 2001-2002 very clearly laid down the responsibility of facilitating and managing drinking water supply with district,
tehsil/taluka/town and union council level administrations. The federal and provincial governments are only supposed to create
the enabling environment, ensure judicious distribution of macro water deposits and enact the conflict resolution processes
wherever applicable. From this premise, the task of setting the target and preparing consequential strategies must rest with
local governments. This is not happening for various reasons. Despite the creation of local government tier, the tutelage of
federal government has not receded. As the financial capacity of local government organs is extremely limited, the federal
government finds it easy to re-surrect its role in the local affairs. Be it development of a treatment plant or water filtration unit at
a union council level, decisions flow directly from the Prime Minister's Secretariat. The drastic decline in the capacity of local
governments is also a case in point in terms of project planning, monitoring, financial management, contract management and
engineering design/administration/execution. Even for routine tasks, municipal bodies seek the services of consulting firms and
contracting agencies. The departmental capacities to fix even the routine problems are non-existing. The results are apparent:
Leaking pipelines, mal-functioning pumping systems, worn out and run down tube wells and extraction machineries.

Drinking water repositories generally derive from fresh water sources available in the country. Impending environmental threats
paint a bleak picture about the availability of potable water. Forests and their conservation have direct bearing on the water
sources. Several threats directly affect the raw water availability for drinking purposes. Unconstrained drainage of raw sewage
into water bodies and ground water repository sites; increased use of pesticides -- part of which infiltrates into water channels;
faulty drainage projects such as Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) in Sindh; declining rate of precipitation that is caused by
deforestation; back action of sea water into coastal areas due to uneven land reclamation and other environmentally negative
approaches are some of the factors that adversely affect the drinking water prospects.

Drinking water supply in urban areas is now heading to become a fully-fledged commercial enterprise. Water is now sold as a
commodity with up front prices charged from the consumers. With the exception of minute market share being captured by well
known mineral water producers, the remaining segment is a thriving unregulated and informal water market. Several categories
of opportunists and entrepreneurs have jumped into this expanding business. Water tankers, bottled water suppliers of various
categories and water filter marketers are some of the key players in the market. While the consumers are already paying for
drinking water supply, the quality is not always guaranteed. Dubious practices and jerry production mechanisms are playing
havoc with public health. The system of potable water supply through the usual underground network has become ineffective
and dilapidated beyond repairs. The tragic deaths of several infants in Karachi and Faisalabad due to consumption of such
water establishes the need for developing workable and affordable alternatives for water supply for urban masses. The
situation in rural areas is no different. Untreated canal water has played havoc with lives of people in areas where chemicals
and poisonous pesticides are used without discrimination.

The complexity of the issue demands an appropriate policy response. It must be understood that policy preparation is a
fundamental responsibility of any administration at its jurisdictional level, be it local, provincial or federal. In an ideal situation,
the political manifesto of the ruling party or coalition is translated into various sectoral guidelines with an assumption that
majority of people have endorsed it by giving the said party or coalition a majority vote. Steering committees of
parliament/ministries are set up which work together with stakeholder groups to outline a framework for policy preparation.
Public consultation is facilitated by the elected representatives and their political comrades to help build up understanding
around issues amongst the concerned cross-sections of the society. Thereafter, the conceptual framework of the policy is
handed over to technocrats to elaborate, by adding relevant details and technical descriptions. In our case, the applied process
is the reverse of the normal. Donor agencies, presenting themselves as technocrats and experts in sectoral issues, influence
the government functionaries by evolving a working relationship with them regarding policy making. Capable of luring the power
echelons due to their monetary assistance, they succeed in getting of policies drafted under their tutelage. Thereafter it is
presented to a select audience of bureaucrats and officials of the ministries for feed back. Some token input is also drawn from
communities who are conveniently elbowed out due to various barriers -- language being the most significant. To claim
efficiency and credit for the assignment, concerned minister launches a shoddily prepared document which soon finds its way
into the bookshelves of the government functionaries. Donors are finally lauded for their 'assistance' and 'benevolence'. Policies
of such kind have hardly improved the situation on ground in any respect. The whole concept, contents and approach needs to
be re-visited.

It must also be understood that the geographical and physical conditions that affect drinking water supply are not uniform
throughout Pakistan. Ideally, the drinking water policy should begin from a broad based situation analysis. As the current tier of
government that is responsible for this task is the district and town/tehsil/taluka administrations, the analysis must take into
account the prevailing issues at each of these levels. In order to obtain a correct picture, time frame for information collection,
documentation of viewpoints of stakeholders and physical details should be adequately allocated. Peak season intensities, that
is high summer season, should be assigned high priority. The situation analysis should generate trends and issues which may
include unavailability of proper sources of water; loss of water quantities during supply and generation; water quality;
incongruent legal and administrative status of the service; low recovery of utility charges; inadequate availability of personnel
for routine operation and maintenance of system; water losses due to thefts and system losses and limited capacity of
utilities/local/district governments to undertake projects on their own. It is, however, a tentative list which can be added upon
during the course of data gathering and analysis. After this stage, key priorities must be listed down to cater to the immediate
relief of consumers. Project planning, preparation and execution must be synchronised in the same respect. In parallel to this
exercise, policy and its prescriptions must ensure that actions and implementations are geared towards long term resolution of
the problems and issues. Some of the vital matters which have repeatedly surfaced during independent research studies
include sustainability of existing water sources; approaches to search and apply additional resource/mechanisms; capacity of
local government institutions to develop and maintain new schemes and the role of formal and informal private sector in the
provision of water supply. The attention of federal and provincial governments is needed to focus on these issues in an
objective manner. No sector of economy or society can be able to perform up to expectations unless drinking water supply of
an appropriate service level is ensured to each and every individual in the country.
(By Dr. Noman Ahmed, The News-Policy III, 05/11/2006)

City faces 96mgd water shortfall

KARACHI, Nov 10: An unannounced closure at Dhabeji pumping station by the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board caused
acute water shortage in many areas of the city on Friday.

Sources in the water utility told Dawn on Friday that KWSB authorities suspended water supply from the Dhabeji pumping
station for 36 hours without giving any prior notice which resulted in shortfall of 96MGD water.

Orangi Town, Baldia Town, SITE, Surjani Town, North Karachi, North Nazimabad, Federal B Area, Gulshan-i-Maymar faced
water shortage, which would persist for another 72 hours.

The purpose of the closure was to interconnect the old water supply system K-II with the newly-commissioned K-III Greater
Water Supply project so that water from the old system could be used in case of any emergency. However, the sources said
that due to some technical problems the two water supply systems could not be linked during the last 36 hours.

From Dhabeji pumping station, water is supplied to the North-East Karachi pumping station for its onward distribution to
different city localities. The work is also going on at the NEK pumping station where engineers are in a process of constructing
a drain for dewatering.

The KWSB authorities had felt that they would complete the required work within stipulated time and the work would cause no
major water scarcity in the city. However, as the link work could not be completed, water supply from Dhabeji to the NEK
pumping station would be suspended for at least another day, the sources added.

The sources said that the closure of water from Dhabeji pumping station during the last 36 hours caused shortfall of 96MGD
water and residents of the affected localities started facing the impact of this unannounced closure from Friday. The affected
localities would start getting water one day after the completion of work, which might take a couple of days to complete, the
sources added.

Meanwhile, residents of Gulshan-i-Iqbal Block-2 complained that their locality remained without water for the last three days
and despite lodging several complaints with the area nazim and officials concerned the water supply to their area could not be
restored.
(Dawn-17, 11/11/2006)

Govt decides to privatise KWSB: ADB lends US$0.3m for study

KARACHI, Nov 12: After the privatisation of the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation, the government has decided to privatise
the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board and a foreign-funded study would be conducted in this regard soon.

Well-placed sources told Dawn that the Asian Development Bank would fund the study to evolve strategy for the KWSB
commercialisation leading to its privatisation. The study, which would cost US$ 0.3 million, would be conducted by foreign
experts. The sources said that the study aimed at introducing corporate reforms in the KWSB for its commercialisation and
future privatisation.

They said that the study was a part of ADB’s US$ 10 million technical assistance loan given to the government of Pakistan for
capacity building of the city government, town municipal administrations and other city agencies in Karachi’s future planning,
management and financing as well as in applying commercial principles in the provision of infrastructure and services.

The loan is the first step towards the main ADB loan of US$ 400 million for Karachi Mega City Development Project.

According to an ADB document, one of the expected outputs of the study on KWSB commercialisation strategy is the potential
for a successful partial or complete privatisation that would provide a good asset price to government shareholders and would
ensure that the needs of customers and other stakeholders continue to be fully met in the long term.

The sources said that the ADB had already released required funds to the federal government, which transferred the amount to
the provincial government. The foreign experts, who would conduct the 10-month study here, would develop strategies for
outsourcing and commercialisation of the KWSB to place the water utility on a fully sustainable self-sufficient basis.

According to the objective of the study, sales of services to customers fully covers all operating and capital costs; the KWSB
provides a return on investment to his shareholders; and making the entity ready to attract private investment and participate as
a full partner in public-private partnerships.

The sources said that the capacity building team of foreign consultants would work in the light of findings of World Bank and
Swiss Development Corporation for evolving a longer-term corporate strategy. The team would study at length and identify key
issues most critical for the KWSB commercialisation and for preparing the government-owned utility for full private sector
financing.

The study would review and suggest measures for structural changes, management accountabilities and organisational
changes; workforce size, compensation and incentives; management incentives; greater customer oriented culture; technology
and other opportunities to improve operations, efficiency and service delivery; procurement practices; financial
management/systems and cost controls; asset management; investment and financing strategies; life-cycle costing; working
effectively with tariff and other regulators; and the quality of service delivery and customer relations needed to better justify
requests for higher tariffs that fully recover costs.

The long-term strategy for sustainable commercialisation will position the KWSB to attract and repay funds of the ADB, other
international finance institutions, and commercial lenders, as well as to establish mutually beneficial public-private partnerships
with private partners.
The sources said that any decision regarding downsizing in the KWSB would only be taken in the light of the recommendations
of the report of foreign experts.

The KWSB has over 1.4 million consumers and the utility recently started issuing monthly bills to its consumers in a bid to
increase its revenue and mitigate financial losses.

Earlier, the government had planned to privatise the water utility but failed to do so due to the pressure mounted by civil society
against the privatisation. However, after the privatisation of the KESC, the government found no hurdle in its way to privatise
the KWSB.
(By Azfar-ul-Ashfaque, Dawn-13, 13/11/2006)

KWSB signs accord with Nadra

KARACHI, Nov 13: The city government will soon provide utility bill payment facility through NADRA’s kiosks in all the 178 UCs
so that people could pay their monthly water and sewerage bills anytime without standing in long queues at banks.

This was stated by City Nazim Mustafa Kamal at an agreement signing ceremony between the Nadra and the KWSB regarding
payment of latter’s monthly bills at Nadra kiosks in 66 localities of the metropolis on Monday.The agreement was signed
between Managing Director KWSB Brig Iftikhar Haider and Director General Nadra Sindh Brig Abid Haider Kazmi. The facility
would also be used to pay monthly bills of other utility services.

The city nazim, who is also the chairman of the KWSB, disclosed that Nadra would get Rs7 per bill while at present the
designated banks were charging Rs10 per bill.

“At present some 66 kiosks are available, but soon we will extend this service in all the 178 UCs where consumers can pay
their water and sewerage bill anytime,” he added.

He maintained that besides the Nadra’s kiosks, consumers could also deposit their monthly bills at more than 500 branches of
different banks, which were already receiving water and sewerage bills on behalf of the KWSB.

Praising the management of the KWSB, Mr Kamal said the revenue condition of the water utility was much better compared to
the past, which shows improvement. He said so far this year the revenue collection is about 30 to 40 per cent more as
compared to the same period last year.

The system is technology based, consumers could also pay their bills through cheques, ATM and credit cards.

A consumer can enrol him at any Nadra’s kiosk free of cost by using his/her CNIC and then he can pay his utility bills anywhere
from the country. After enrolment a consumer can easily see all of his utility bills online and pay them through Nadra kiosks.
(Dawn-18, 14/11/2006)

Filtered water turns some faces red

ISLAMABAD, Nov 14: Government’s claims about its Rs7.5 billion water filtration plants scheme became an embarrassment for
its officials at the launch of a UN report on the water issue here on Tuesday.

Deputy Chairman Planning Commission Dr Akram Sheikh warded off questions put to him on the occasion about the quality of
water being produced by the filtration plants by announcing that the government was giving the scheme “a second look”.

This year’s Human Development Report titled “Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty and the Global Water Crisis” focuses on the
availability, use and politics of water.

UNDP’s Assistant Resident Representative Arif Allaudin said the most important message of the report was: “we are in the
midst of a crisis in water and sanitation that overwhelmingly affects the poor”.

The report states that across urban Pakistan unclean water poses a constant threat to public health and that the issue was so
severe that the government had to launch a major investent programme to finance more than 6,000 water filtration plants.

Some 118,000 die each year, or 325 each day, in the country as a result of diseases caused by unclean water and poor
sanitation.

In the first half of 2006, major outbreaks of water-borne epidemics swept some major urban centres of the country.

The audience at the launch ceremony was concerned about the viability of the water filtration plants project of the government,
its ability to improve access of the public to clean drinking water.

Most of the questions from the audience related to the water filters.

In a rare admission coming from a senior government official, Dr Sheikh conceded that the project was not going the way the
government had intended to.

“The filtration plants are suffering from management issues,” he said, cautioning that if the managers of the project did not pay
heed “we would soon be getting more contaminated water than the tap water”.

Dawn had reported the malaise earlier this month. Under the ‘Clean Drinking Water for All’ project initiated in 2004, a total of
7,044 water filtration plants are to be installed in the country by 2007 - one in each union council.

So far some 550 plants have been installed.

Dr Sheikh agreed that the project would not be able to provide clean water to the entire population but argued that the project
could not be given up for the sake of the population benefiting from these.

“The project would be able to solve a fraction of the problem,” he said.

Asked if the filtration plants were “the ultimate solution”, the deputy chairman said “they are not the solution but only short-term
measures and that the government has to make a start from somewhere.

“What we are now having is a pilot project and the private sector and local governments will have to pick up from here,” he
added.

He ruled out any replacement of the dilapidated supply infrastructure - the main source of contamination - for being too
expensive.

Winding up the discussion on filtration plants, Dr Sheikh advised the critics to adopt “a more constructive attitude rather than
being over critical”.
(Dawn-2, 15/11/2006)

Focusing on water

THE UNDP’s annual report, which focuses on the water crisis, reveals some disturbing facts. More than one billion people in
the world are denied the right to clean water and 2.6 billion lack access to adequate sanitation. As a result, 1.8 million children
die of diarrhoea every year. Is the problem to be attributed to a scarcity of this vital natural resource on which human life
depends? The report rejects this view and traces the water crisis to poverty, inequality and unequal power relationships as well
as flawed water management policies. If one has to establish the truth of this contention one has only to look at Pakistan
where, according to the report, 91 per cent of the people have sustained access to an improved water source, while 59 per cent
have sanitation facilities. While these data are questionable — depends on how one interprets the term ‘improved water source’
— we also know that Pakistan could have done better with an efficient water management system.

The UNDP’s report sets the minimum threshold for water needs at 20 litres a day. The fact is that in Pakistan, apart from a very
small elite, the people are required to subsist on much less water than that. Moreover, the water supplied in even big cities is
not always potable. True, over the years the water resources have been shrinking and the country suffers from a water
shortage. But it is also known that with better management and use of technology it is possible to raise the availability of this
precious resource. This has not been done because our water policies have been essentially flawed. The absence of long-term
planning, failure to allocate sufficient funds for this sector, corruption and a lack of political will have contributed to our failure to
provide clean and sufficient water to the common man. Sanitation has also been neglected. How else would one describe the
policy of a government that spends 47 times more on defence than on water development? Since the rich, who have the
resources and are also powerful, can afford to buy water for their homes, they are not concerned about the policies that are
adopted. As for the poor, since they do not have the political clout to change the direction of the government’s policies, they
suffer in silence.
(Dawn-7, 15/11/2006)

ADB to support KWSB projects

KARACHI: The Asian Development Bank will support Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) in its mega projects.

Shane Rosenthal, the leader of ADB delegation, said this during a meeting with KWSB Managing Director Brig Iftikhar Haider
here on Wednesday.

The ADB delegation comprised Director Dr Jim Arthur and Principal Urban Development Specialist Kathie M Julian.

Brigadier Iftikhar Haider briefed the team about the mega projects, including a study for proper distribution of water,
establishment of operational and maintenance IT platform and wastage of water due to sudden accidents and making wasted
water useful for industrial use.

Shane Rosenthal, lauding financial and administrative reforms in the KWSB, said that their senior expert would arrive in
Karachi and have detailed discussions with officials of KWSB, so that necessary measures could be taken before initiating
these mega projects.
(The News-3, 16/11/2006)

Providing clean water

Pakistan is placed very low in worldwide rankings that measure the percentage of a country's population with access to clean
drinking water. The issue should be on top of the government's list of priorities, not least because water-borne diseases are
among the leading cause of death in the country, especially for children under the age of five. Unfortunately, it is not, though
one can only wonder what the government is waiting for, to move it higher up in its list of priorities. To compound matters, in
recent years, a rapid rise in population and increasing urbanisation pressures have meant that many residents in cities and
towns have had to suffer the prospect of finding raw sewage coming through their water taps. Last year and the year before
that dozens of people died because of this or because sources of drinking water had become polluted -- in both cases --
government neglect and failure to act and take any action against errant officials meant that the problem kept on recurring and
taking precious lives.

Now, we have a UN official saying during a seminar in Islamabad that the country is in the midst of a water supply and
sanitation crisis -- he is only telling us and the government the obvious. And the facts and the reality are both so dismal that
officialdom is in no position to deny, or else be mocked at by the public. At the same seminar, a senior Pakistani official whose
job deals with the planning and execution of large infrastructure projects had to admit that the government was taking a
"second look" at its Rs7.5 billion scheme to provide filtered water to citizens. When pressed to explain why despite the
grandiose scheme the quality of the water supplied by the filtering plants was so poor, all that the official could say was that
there would be a rethink on the scheme. This kind of failure to effectively utilise scarce funds is nothing short of criminal: it is
understandable if resources are limited but the government utilises them efficiently; it is wholly unforgivable if funds are made
available but end up being squandered.

One reason why there is little serious effort in this direction is that officialdom refuses to realise the importance of so many
things that are considered critical and indispensable in may other parts of the world, such as basic health and education. If only
provision of clean drinking water was considered by Pakistani governments and planners as sacrosanct and crucial as, say,
defence spending or pursuit of a nuclear enrichment programme, maybe it would not be the life-and-death issue that it has
become. The other reason could be that, as the UN official rightly noted, the problem overwhelmingly affects the poor which is
precisely why in a country like Pakistan, with its elites and lop-sided income distribution, it tends to escape the attention of
policymakers.
(The News-7, 16/11/2006)

Branding tap water

Privatising Karachi’s water supply management may not be the answer to all problems associated with the system

By Dr. Noman Ahmed

As reported by the press on 13 November 2006, the government has decided to privatise the Karachi Water and Sewerage
Board (KWSB) by the next year. This task shall be undertaken with the assistance of Asian Development Bank (ADB). A
resident consultant will be appointed soon to look into the options and possibilities of private sector participation (PSP) in the
KWSB. The current step seems to be in sharp contrast to the existing realities prevailing in the water and sanitation sector. For
example, as per proviso of the Sindh Local Government Ordinance 2002 (and its various amendments), water and sanitation
happen to be an integral sector in the functioning of City District Government of Karachi (CDGK).

However many lacunae remain unaddressed. The previously existing Karachi Water and Sewerage Board Act of 1996 also
stands valid which grants autonomy to KWSB. A working arrangement was developed between the CDGK and KWSB under
supervision of Sindh Government few years ago. The Managing Director of KWSB was also the Executive District Officer Water
and Sanitation Group of Offices. In that capacity, he was answerable to City Nazim. With KWSB short listed for privatization,
this administrative and legal arrangement, which already has inbuilt anomalies, shall become even more confusing. Besides, it
is not clear how the status of water shall be established, if KWSB is privatised.

At present, water supply is perceived as a state driven service with drinking water considered to be a social commodity for
universal consumption. A private sector operator of the system shall obviously turn water into a tradable commodity with the
objective of profit making. It may happen that constitutional privilege of obtaining drinking water on priority from shared water
resources at the provincial and national level would be jeopardized in the future. Private sector participation has been
attempted in the past and met with disappointing results.

The overall scenario needs to be reviewed to understand the present dynamics. Karachi inherited a reasonably developed
piped water supply system from the British administration. However, soon after independence, the city experienced one of the
fastest phases of its growth. The population multiplied 2Ω folds in just four years between 1947 and 1951. Consequently, a plan
was made to enhance the water supply from Indus source in 1953. Karachi Joint Water Board (KJWB) was constituted as the
institutional mechanism to undertake this task. Many periodical enhancements in the supply were made thereafter. The Karachi
Development Authority (KDA) was entrusted to undertake water supply schemes for the city while Karachi Metropolitan
Corporation (KMC) was responsible for the supply to the consumers as well as recovery of water charges. The KMC also
controlled the sewerage system of the city.

To streamline the water and sewerage service, Karachi Water Management Board (KWMB) was constituted in 1981. It was
responsible for water supply to the entire metropolitan area of Karachi, as well as cost recovery. Soon it was recognised that
due to inadequate legislative covers and administrative powers, the KWMB was not proving to be an effective solution.

Under the advice of the World Bank, the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board was formed in 1983. This was done through an
exclusive piece of legislation titled Sindh Local Government (Amendment) Ordinance, 1983. The Mayor of Karachi was made
Chairman of the Board. It had a managing director to serve as the chief executive. It had expanded powers and functions which
included water supply arrangements from the source; provision of retail water supply connections to consumers; undertaking
operation, maintenance and construction of water and sewerage works; collecting water and sewerage charges from the
consumers; undertaking forward planning for emerging needs and requirements; imposing penalties on defaulters; maintaining
accounts and records of the Board and preparing tariff proposals to KMC.

In all routine policy matters, KMC was the deciding authority. In 1996, the Sindh Assembly passed an act providing greater
legal and administrative authority to KWSB. Its status changed from an affiliate organ of KMC to a fully autonomous body with
its own board of governors appointed by the Government of Sindh.

In terms of performance, the KWSB experienced serious shortcomings during the past two decades. KWSB has accumulated a
total debt of over 46 billion rupees which stands as a large liability. Its listed consumers are around 1.1 million, whereas
recoveries could only be made from 162,000 -- a mere 7 percent of the total number. Massive leakages and thefts contributed
to a net loss of 35 percent of supplied quantities. An informal water market evolved which thrived with the connivance of some
of KWSB staff members, water vendors and other operators in low income and commercial/industrial areas. On assumption
that this state of affairs was incurable, the World Bank advised the Government to initiate a private sector participation strategy
(PSP) in 1994-95. A World Bank mission on water and sanitation visited Karachi to hold discussions with the then Chief
Minister (CM) Sindh and offered support to the provincial government for exploring the possibility of PSP as a solution to the
worsening water and sanitation situation. At the invitation of the Sindh government, a follow up World Bank mission in January
1995 presented to the then CM a blueprint for radical reform of Karachi’s water and sanitation sector with PSP as the focal
theme. KWSB was advised of these deliberations after a policy decision had been taken by the provincial government.

World Bank continued to lead the PSP policy affairs. It suggested a shortlist of eight leading international organizations
possessing vast experience in water sector privatization for consideration of the Sindh government. On the advice of the World
Bank, the CM, senior officials of the government and the KWSB attended a PSP seminar in Paris in June 1995 to demonstrate
the commitment of the government to the idea of PSP. On his return, the CM constituted a high-powered Steering Committee
to oversee the PSP consultancy and to ensure that this initiative would not fall prey to bureaucratic red tape. A detailed terms of
reference was prepared to streamline the various planned procedures and stages in private sector participation in KWSB. The
government advocated for privatization from different fora. The ministers in their speeches to the Sindh Assembly repeatedly
gave their resolve to implement the PSP as a top priority task during 1995-96. Similarly, the management of KWSB was also
vocal about the issue through press briefings and seminars. It also published promotional literature in Urdu and English on the
subject.

As a result of a well-defined campaign, print and electronic media gave good coverage to various developments, covering
almost all aspects of PSP in KWSB. During the public awareness campaign, efforts were made to ensure that accurate and
impartial information could be made available with regard to PSP strategies as proposed by the consultants and approved by
the Government of Sindh.

The KWSB opined that the PSP had the capacity to generate an efficient and equitable water supply and sanitation system that
will be available to all cross sections of society. According to the government PSP aimed at improving the water supply and
sanitation for all the residents of the city without the reservation of higher or lower income groups in the city. Independent
analysis showed a different perspective. From the range of stakeholders that were associated with water and sanitation, the
apparent beneficiaries would be all but the urban poor who resided in unplanned areas without any legal title or regularized
status.

Many procedural steps were completed such as inviting bids and preliminary scrutiny. However, the political situation in the
province led to retardation of the process. Also, certain quarters approached the Sindh High Court (SHC) against the PSP.
Trade unions, ex-officers of KWSB and citizens groups had been active in its regard. The SHC issued orders to temporarily
freeze the whole process. While the process was temporarily frozen by the Sindh High Court, the Government of Sindh
continued to explore the possibilities of the privatization of KWSB. Past attempt of PSP was viewed by stakeholders with many
concerns through a well organised process.

The stakeholders who comprised consumers of various ranks and profiles, professional experts on water and sanitation, former
city administrators, former heads of KWSB, political groups and community organisations cited their views on privatisation of
KWSB and subsequently the water and sanitation services. Series of workshops, organised/structured research by academic
institutions such as NED University and Urban Resource Centre helped document and analyse this situation for two years.

This extensive research gave rise to many conclusions. The privatization strategy that was prepared by the concerned decision
makers only offers remedies for the financial aspect and does not guarantee a logical service improvement. In the prevailing
political and administrative climate of Sindh, the privatization of KWSB on the present format would be a difficult proposition to
implement. Absence of commitment from the different ranks of management of KWSB would pose a serious problem in the
application of privatization strategy. The dynamics that led to the creations and application of privatization clearly suggested
that it has been imposed as a macro level decision without gauging the fundamental ground realities. While the KWSB had
been declared as financially impotent, the reasons that have led to this state of affairs were neither documented nor analysed
during decision making. The various linkages that existed in the water supply and sanitation sector are not accounted for. From
the proposed privatization strategy, there appeared no convincing evidence as to how the system would improve after
privatization since the proposed private operator was advised to focus only on tariff enforcement and improving revenue
collection. Compound after effect of privatization of water at the proposed tariff rates 300 times higher offer five years would be
very high, though it was not properly analysed.

It must be clearly understood that the water supply management of Karachi requires a comprehensive analysis to be
conducted. Detailed stock taking of every aspect of the service is required; including water sources assessment, different
grades of bulk water transmission, retail distribution, operation, maintenance and revenue recovery. The experiment of PSP
has established that any clandestine attempt to privatise shall neither be accepted by stakeholders nor shall prove viable if
undertaken without consultation and foresight.
(By Dr. Noman Ahmed, The News-Policy III, 19/11/2006)

Water supply
THIS is to draw the attention of the town nazim, UC-1, Gulshan-i-Iqbal, Karachi, and KWSB authorities towards the closure of
water supply for over two weeks to the area surrounded by Shaheed-i-Millat Road, Sirajuddaullah Road, Alamgir Road and
Hyder Ali Road. In this area, rich as well as poor people live and there are schools, mosques, madressahs and hospitals which
all are affected.

Over two weeks ago, to lay down a new PVC pipe, the road was dug and the only water supply to all side roads entering from
Alamgir Road towards Shaheed-i-Millat Road was disconnected without making an alternative arrangement.

Until now there is no sign of any work being carried out for the resumption of water supply and much damage has been done to
all underground PTCL cable TV networks and gas installations.

Seeping filthy underground water has collected and entered these old and new water lines, now lying open or broken (outside
Alamgir Masjid).

Not all residents of the area can afford a water tanker worth Rs500 or Rs1,000. There is a need that the authorities take
immediate steps to restore water supply to the area.

M. ELYAS, Karachi
(Dawn-6, 21/11/2006)

KWSB men chased away from reservoir land

KARACHI, Nov 21: The Pakistan Navy on Tuesday stopped officials of the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board from taking
action against unauthorised occupation of land of the High Service Reservoir, saying the issue of possession of this piece of
land had not been resolved between the two organisations.

Sources said a KWSB officials team had gone to the HSR area off Karsaz Road to remove encroachment from government
land but when they reached there they found that the whole area was surrounded by dozens of navy officials.
The KWSB team was in the process of negotiation with PN officials when armed guards started threatening them of dire
consequences and ordered them to leave the premises, which is in the PN’s possession. There was a clash like situation but
the KWSB officials in a attempt to avoid any untoward situation left the premises, the sources added.

Keeping in view the future requirement of water in the metropolis, the KWSB planned to reactivate the High Service Reservoir,
which was built before partition and recently a meeting was held between officials of the PN and the KWSB in order to settle the
issue of possession of 9.28 acres for the HSR’s reactivation.

The sources said that during the meeting the PN realised the necessity of water reservoir for the metropolis and showed
readiness to hand over the area of 9.28 acres out of its possession if the KWSB provided the price of land of equal amount
elsewhere in the city.

The proposal was rejected by KWSB Managing Director Brigadier Iftikhar Haider and instead he expressed willingness for
payment of land in instalments.

During the meeting, the sources said, the KWSB MD expressed reservation on encroachments in the general area of the HSR.
However, the PN officials assured him that no activity whatsoever had been planned or being undertaken on the land
measuring 9.28 acres reserved for the reactivation of HSR.

The sources said that despite the meeting, the issue was still unresolved between the two organisations and Tuesday’s incident
proved that the PN was unwilling to hand over the land to the KWSB.

The sources said that the dispute between the two parties was on the rate of compensation and not on the ownership. The PN
captured the constructed reservoir and deployed soldiers and ringed it with barbed wire. The sources said that the city
government and the KWSB would protest against Tuesday’s incident and raise the issue of HSR land at the highest level in a
day or two.
(By Azfar-ul-Ashfaque, Dawn-19, 22/11/2006)

Notice issued to rangers chief, others in hydrant case

KARACHI, Nov 21: The Muslimabad hydrant and the tankers drawing water from it are wrecking the adjoining roads and
buildings. All the residents and students are using service lanes at the back of their premises, and all the main gates opening
on the main Pir Ellahi Bux Road, including those of a school and a shelter for the sick, have been closed because of the heavy
tanker traffic, heap of mud caused by the hydrant and broken roads,” said a report submitted by the nazir of the Sindh High
Court.

The report was submitted in pursuance of a court order of November 15, and it confirmed the allegations made by a petitioner,
Mrs Ruth Sami Ahmad.

Representing the City district government, Advocate Manzoor Ahmed submitted that the Rangers were responsible for the
tanker traffic, which caused the damage.
A division bench, comprising Justices Sarmad Jalal Osmany and Sajjad Ali Shah, asked the city government counsel to file
comments instead of making a verbal reply.

The counsel confirmed the petitioner’s claim that the former city nazim had ordered removal of the hydrant but said the order
could not be carried out.
The bench ordered that a notice be also issued to the rangers director-general besides fresh notices to the respondents cited
by the petitioner, who was represented by Advocates Syed Sami Ahmad and Mirza Masood Baig.

PROTECTIVE BAIL: Justice Osmany granted protective bail to an auto parts importer M Tariq Qazi and his nephew, Zawwar,
to enable them to appear before the trial court.
The importer alleged that he had been involved in a bogus copyrights case by a rival trader. The Preedy police kept him in
illegal custody, extorted Rs20,000 and made him sign blank stamp papers, the petitioner’s counsel, Advocate Shaukat Hayat,
submitted.

The bench converted the petition into a bail application and granted protective bail to Tariq and Zawwar.
As for their allegations against the police, the bench said, they were free to seek their remedy by appropriate proceedings.

Notice to cdgk:A division bench comprising Justices Mushir Alam and Syed Zawwar Hussain Jaffery issued notices to the city
district government and the Lyari Expressway Project in a petition moved by over 500 people allegedly displaced by the
expressway project.

Advocate Shaukat Ali Shaikh submitted on behalf of the petitioners that they lived along the Lyari embankment PIB, Pak,
Madina and other colonies and were displaced by the construction of the expressway.

A number of other displaced people were allotted 80-square-yard plots and given cash compensation amounting to Rs100,000
each but they have neither been allotted alternative plots nor given compensation.

The bench asked Additional Advocate-General Abbas Ali to waive notice on behalf of the provincial government and issued
notices to the respondents, including the expressway project chief, for a date to be fixed by the SHC office.
The provincial and city governments were directed to submit a list of displaced people given compensation.
(Dawn-18, 22/11/2006)

Delay in Mangla project to cause Rs 18bn loss

ISLAMABAD: The Rs 64 billion Mangla dam raising project will get delayed by one year, inflicting a financial loss of almost Rs
18 billion on country’s economy, a senior Wapda official told The News on Thursday.
The two sub-contractors of joint venture companies, which are responsible to complete the project, have refused to continue
work on the agreed rates, arguing that it is not viable for them to complete the scheme according to existing rates.
The two Pakistan-based sub-contractors are S D Baloch and Sachal companies. Wapda has issued notices to them
accordingly and if the two companies do not initiate the work, they will be penalised and even blacklisted.

The official said the government wants to increase the storage capacity of the dam by 2.9 million acres feet. If it is delayed by
one year, Pakistan will have to suffer a loss of Rs 18 billion, as one million acres feet of water provides a benefit of Rs 6 billion
to the country’s agrarian economy in a year and the loss of 2.9 million acres feet of water for one year means loss of about Rs
18 billion.

A senior official of the Planning Commission admitted that the Mangla dam raising project has been delayed but not for one
year. “It will get delayed by four to five months.” Under the project, he said, work on the main dam is going on satisfactorily.
Work on another dam, adjacent to the main dam, is also going on according to the schedule. However, a dispute has
developed among some contractors, which were hired by the joint venture of the companies, responsible to complete certain
portions of the project, which is why the ongoing work has suffered. “This will lead to two to three months delay in completion of
the project.”

He said as of today 33 per cent of the funds have been spent on the project. About resettlement, which is part of the project, he
said the cost of resettlement has increased to Rs 28 billion from Rs 26 billion. “Therefore the cost of the whole project has
increased to Rs 64 billion from Rs 62 billion. But the cost of raising the dam remains the same.”
(By Khalid Mustafa, The News-1, 24/11/2006)

DHA desalination plant to be ready by next year

KARACHI: Administrator, Defence Housing Authority (DHA), Brig Kamran, has said that work on the DHA Power and
Desalination Project is proceeding apace and the plant is likely to be fully operational by the early next year.

He said that with the availability of 3 million gallons per day (MGD) of water from the desalination plant, coupled with an
additional 3 MGD from the K-3 project as promised by the City District Government Karachi (CDGK), the long-standing problem
of water scarcity in the DHA would be significantly resolved.

He was talking to a representative delegation of the Defence Residents’ Society (DRS) led by its President, Zafar Iqbal, who
called on him at DHA main office here on Thursday.

The delegation held a formal meeting with the administrator to discuss various problems faced by the DHA residents.

He said that DHA was according highest priority to the improvement of basic civic facilities to the residents. He said that the
DHA had taken a number of active steps to improve garbage collection and sanitation in localities within its jurisdiction. He
asked the residents to actively participate in this effort and to cooperate with the civic agency.

The administrator asked the CBC to expedite the repair of all damaged streetlights and replacement of all mission manhole
covers. The administrator also instructed Cantonment Board, Clifton (CBC), to expedite the ongoing tendering process for
repairs of all roads damaged by the rains.

The Administrator also asked the CBC to intensify the fumigation campaign in the DHA to prevent any chances of outbreak of
epidemics in the area.

The administrator assured the residents that the DHA was making all-out efforts to ensure early completion of the ongoing
refurbishment and repairs in DHA Phase-I.

Justice (retd) Saeed-uz-Zaman Siddiqui, Former Chief Justice of Pakistan, also accompanied the DRS delegation.
(The News-3, 24/11/2006)

ADB wants its rules followed in water plans

ISLAMABAD, Nov 23: The Asian Development Bank has asked the government to prepare the ADB-financed water projects in
line with its `water policy’ to ensure timely disbursement of funds for building dams in the country.

The bank, according to official sources, wants the government to invest more in water-related projects so that adequate amount
of water is available for human consumption, agriculture and hydro power generation.

The sources said the ADB believed that "political instability and increased insecurity could prevent project implementation".

The bank said that various provincial departments involved in project preparation must work in coordination to achieve the
desired results.

The government has also been urged by the bank to ensure dams’ sustainability and economic return by exploring the range of
models for irrigation development.

The sources said the ADB had been informed that the majority of existing small dams focused on irrigation and that benefits
achieved from other uses of water were often ignored, undervalued or incorporated at a later date for additional cost.

Slow and inadequate development of irrigated agriculture in the cultivable command area is said to be a major concern for the
economic performance of small dams projects. The main reason was delays in developing watercourses and preparing
farmland for irrigation and difficulties in adopting higher value irrigated cropping systems.

The government also acknowledged that farmers having no experience of irrigated agriculture and scarce financial resources
had been left on their own to develop watercourses and organise water distribution at high costs.

Small dams projects were initiated in Pakistan in 1961 and the country received support from the ADB in the mid-1980s.
(Dawn-16, 24/11/2006)
 Confusion over report about major dams
ISLAMABAD, Nov 28: The Planning Commission on Tuesday stated that the Central Development Working Party (CDWP) had
“conceptually cleared” eight projects including the Diamer-Bhasha, Kalabagh and Akhori dams.

Official news agency APP quoted a Planning Commission spokesman, Asif Sheikh, as saying at a ‘press conference’, after the
CDWP meeting that “eight other projects were also conceptually cleared”. These included Diamer-Bhasha dam (Rs370.709
billion) Kalabagh dam (Rs370.502 billion) and Akhori dam (Rs266.140 billion).

However, there is confusion if the decision was actually taken at the meeting because media personnel who had been briefed
after the CDWP meeting on Monday by Senior Joint Secretary Shahnawaz Husain on the instructions of Planning Commission
Deputy Chairman Dr Akram Sheikh, were told that concept clearance of the three mega dams had been withheld to wait for the
assessment committee headed by Water and Power Secretary Ashfaq Mehmood to submit its report.

Mr Husain said the meeting had felt that it would be duplication of work since the funding and financing arrangement was one
of the objectives defined in the terms of reference of the assessment committee.

Sources in the Planning Commission said no press conference had taken place in the commission on Tuesday. A statement
had been issued to news organisations for a press briefing at 11am on Monday which was rescheduled to 2:30pm but that too
was cancelled.

Mr Husain was specifically asked at the briefing on Monday whether the issues of financing and concept clearance would now
be considered by the CDWP or by the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council (Ecnec). He responded that the
matter had been referred to the assessment committee which would suggest how to move forward.

Additional Chief Secretary Sindh Ghulam Sarwar Khero told Dawn from Karachi on telephone on Tuesday that the three
projects -- Kalabagh, Akhori and Diamer -Bhasha dams -- were not taken up separately for discussion by the CDWP although
all the three were separate items on the agenda. Hence, the question of their clearance did not arise because each and every
item is discussed and debated threadbare before a decision is taken. When they were not discussed, project by project, how
could these have been cleared.

He said that when the issue of concept clearance came up he suggested that since the CDWP had appointed a committee and
financing arrangement was among the terms of reference of the committee, the CDWP should wait for the report of the
committee.

At this, he said, views of other participants were sought and representatives of Balochistan and the NWFP supported this
suggestion and the chair decided to wait for recommendations of the assessment committee, consider them and move further.

He said the government of Sindh would wait for the minutes of the CDWP meeting and then take a position on the subject in
writing to correct the record.

Meanwhile, he said, his government would raise the issue at the meeting of the assessment committee on December 4. He
said the committee headed by secretary Ashfaq Mehmood was required to discuss five issues -- including environment
assessment, sequencing of the five dams, land acquisition, funding requirement and arrangements and implementation
strategy.

He said that a unanimous decision of the Ecnec taken in 2004, envisaged that no PC-1 of any project would be considered in
future by the government without the environment impact assessment report and added that environment impact report of none
of the above project was available.

He said President Pervez Musharraf had announced that smaller provinces had reservations over some of the dams and hence
ordered to start work on the Bhasha dam and then personally tried to convince people in Sindh and the NWFP over Kalabagh
dam, but some quarters were trying to give a different impression.
(By Khaleeq Kiani, Dawn-1, 29/11/2006)

Regulatory body in KWSB proposed

KARACHI, Nov 28: An international team of experts on water and sanitation has stressed the need of setting up of a body in
the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board for regulating and monitoring its various functions to bring an overall improvement in
the water utility.

This observation was made by the four-member team of Water and Sanitation Programme for South Asia (WSP-SA) during
their meeting with the KWSB MD, Brigadier Iftikhar Haider, at his office on Tuesday.

The WSP team was of the view that the steering committee, to be headed by city nazim, would help the water utility in
improving its organisational delivery system.

Headed by senior municipal development specialist Chris Heymans, the WSP team praised the water board management for
initiating reforms process.

Mr Heymans was of the view that the ongoing restructuring plan, among various other measures, including board’s efforts to
improve revenue collection position, setting up of town municipal administrations’ specific hydrants after doing away with the
old nine hydrants was highly commendable.

The KWSB chief informed the team that the number of branches of banks had been increased from 50 to 500 to facilitate
consumers for payment of water bills. Besides, an agreement had also been signed with the Nadra for setting up of 77 kiosks
where consumers can deposit their bills round-the-clock.
(Dawn-19, 29/11/2006)
 Mega dams again?
THE confusion created by the Planning Commission apart, it is now apparent that the government has decided to defer work on
three mega dam projects until concept clearance is obtained. This is a sensible decision and should be welcomed. Given the
political repercussions of undertaking the Kalabagh, the Daimer-Bhasha and the Akhori dams and the massive sums required
for their construction (Rs 1.027 trillion), it is appropriate that the government should give the matter, especially its technical
aspects, some good thought. Considering the stiff opposition voiced by the smaller provinces, especially Sindh and the NWFP,
it would also be politically wise to ensure that there is a national consensus on the issue. We are now told that the central
development working party (CDWP) has formed an assessment committee to submit a comprehensive report on five key
aspects of the three dams that have yet to be discussed and cleared before work can be started on them.

The assessment committee, which still has to hold its first meeting, has been asked to report on the environment impact
assessment, sequencing of the dams, land acquisition, funding and implementation strategy. These are very crucial issues
because it is inconceivable that any government would choose to undertake a mammoth project without as much as assessing
how it will affect the environment, land use and the economy. Furthermore, issues like the acquisition of land and funds that are
basic to the construction of a project of this size also call for some planning before the decision is taken to start work. The
assessment committee would do well to start work immediately on the task assigned to it. It is shocking that without any work
having been done on various aspects, such as the EIA that was made mandatory for all big projects by ECNEC in 2004, the
president and the prime minister had been pushing for the Kalabagh dam and then the Bhasha dam last year.

It is important that while the assessment committee works on its term of reference and produces the required reports, the
government should not neglect its power and water needs. In other words, it would be economically feasible and politically
desirable for the authorities to opt for smaller dams and reservoirs that may meet the country’s requirements for water and
electricity without damaging the environment and displacing thousands of people. Run of the river hydro-electric projects that
do not divert water from the river will not hurt the lower riparians and allow them to receive their full share of water. Similarly,
reservoirs designed to catch the excess river water in the rainy season that causes flooding and store it to meet the irrigation
needs of agriculturists in the lean season would also be welcomed. The government must not make the dams an issue of
prestige, especially the Kalabagh dam that has become a bone of contention between Punjab and Sindh at a time when the
country is also passing through a water crisis. The government has yet to draw up and announce a water policy. Meanwhile, it
could at least announce its commitment to small dams and water projects. Many NGOs have installed small power plants
running on water or solar energy in the north at the village level. These are working quite effectively and are low-cost as well.
To save water for agriculture, drip irrigation should be given serious thought.
(Dawn-7, 30/11/2006)

DECEMBER

Rs57.1bn projects approved by Ecnec:

Five major dams to be built before 2016
ISLAMABAD, Nov 30: The President and the federal cabinet have decided that five major dams —Kalabagh, Akhori, Munda,
Diamer-Bhasha and Kurram Tangi — will be completed before 2016 and all other forums, ministries and departments are
bound to implement the decision, Planning Commission Deputy Chairman Dr Akram Sheikh has declared.

He was speaking at a news briefing after a meeting of the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council (Ecnec) here
on Thursday that also sanctioned increase in the cost of seven projects by Rs9.4 billion to Rs25.5 billion and approved 24 new
projects of Rs57.1 billion.

When asked about the role of other forums, committees and institutions, he said the cabinet was superior to the Central
Development Working Party (CDWP) and other technical bodies and committees, which were required to implement decisions
taken at the level of the president and the prime minister. Nobody could question decisions taken at such high levels, he said.
He said nobody could act independently after the decisions of the president and the cabinet because that would create
problems for all.

He had been asked how the Planning Commission had issued a statement saying the Kalabagh, Diamer-Bhasha and Akhori
dams had been conceptually cleared by the CDWP this week when the projects were reportedly not discussed separately.

He read out a paragraph of the CDWP decision stating: “The CDWP noted that the federal cabinet has already taken a decision
on these dams and the president has made an announcement for completion of these dams by 2016. It was further noted that
the role of the CDWP, the EAD, ministry of water and power and all other government departments was to implement decisions
of the of the cabinet and announcements made by the president. The committee constituted by the CDWP on these dams was
preparing an action plan for the implementation of these projects. After receiving the committee’s report, a summary would be
placed before the next Ecnec meeting for consideration and decision on the action plan for implementation.”

He said the Ecnec meeting presided over by the prime minister had approved 31 projects of Rs82.6 billion --new schemes of
Rs57.1 billion and increase in the cost of seven ongoing plans from Rs16.1 billion to Rs25.5 billion.

He said the major increase in the cost of ongoing projects was Rs8.7 billion in Right Bank Outfall Drain (RBOD) because of
interest payments and design change. He said the design had been changed because of a decision to put drain in the sea
instead of river and increase capacity of the drain in Balochistan.

He said the highest share among the approved projects of Rs59 billion went to 15 projects in infrastructure. He said Rs17 billion
projects were in the social sector and Rs6.6 billion in other sectors.

To finance the projects, the federal government would provide Rs59 billion, provincial governments Rs9.2 billion and the Water
and Power development Authority Rs14.4 billion.
(By Khaleeq Kiani, Dawn-1, 01/12/2006)
 Clifton to get water 24 hours
KARACHI, Dec 1: The city government has initiated work on waterline project to ensure round-the-clock supply to Clifton and
adjoining areas.

The water supply project was launched by City Nazim Mustafa Kamal on Friday near Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. The
new pipeline would provide five million gallon water daily to the residents of Naval Colony, Delhi Colony, Gizri, Punjab Colony
and different blocks of Clifton.

After the inauguration of the construction work to lay 24-inch diameter pipeline, the city nazim told newsmen that it was city
government’s policy to ensure provision of all civic facilities without any discrimination.

He said majority of the residents in these localities had been facing water shortage for the last 55 years and the remaining
received water only for 12-hour but after the completion of this project all the localities would receive water round-the-clock.

He disclosed that a pipeline was laid down in this area to provide 7mgd water during 1950s but no government in the last five
decades expanded the network to meet the area requirement.

He said the project, costing Rs290 million to be spent by city government, would be completed within six months.

While briefing on the project, KWSB chief said the old pipeline was laid down in 1950 to provide 7mdg water to the residents of
Clifton and its adjacent areas but after the 55 years the existing pipeline was not able to cater the water needs of all residents.

He said the water utility allocated 5mgd quota for these areas from the bulk water supply scheme of 100mgd.
(Dawn-18, 02/12/2006)

KWSB to get back hydrants

KARACHI, Dec 2: Rangers will soon hand over the administrative control of the nine hydrants to the Karachi Water and
Sewerage Board, which has planned to establish one hydrant in each town of the metropolis.

Although no exact timeframe has been given by the rangers, who have been operating the nine hydrants for many years, to
give the hydrants to the KWSB, sources in the city government say the process will be completed in the beginning of next year.

The sources said that at a recent meeting held between officials of the city government and the Pakistan Rangers (Sindh), the
rangers expressed willingness to hand over the nine hydrants to the city government.

The sources said that as a result of the rangers’ readiness to hand over the hydrants, the city government planned to establish
one hydrant in each of the 18 towns. At another meeting with nazims of all the towns at KWSB head office the other day, the
city nazim and the KWSB managing director unfolded a plan to establish one hydrant in each town after closing down the
existing nine hydrants located two at Guru Mandir and one each at Sakhi Hassan, F.B. Area, North Karachi, Shah Faisal
Colony, Malir, Jumma Goth and Landhi.

Mr Kamal assured the town nazims that a mechanism would be adopted before closing the hydrants so that people did not face
trouble due to their closure.

He said that some 15,390 tankers supplied water to different city areas from the nine existing hydrants. He maintained
according to the new plan one hydrant in each town would be established from where tankers would supply water to the area
falling within the jurisdiction of towns concerned where water lines are not laid.

The colour of tankers of every town would be different from one another while a different registration number would be given to
each tanker to ensure that tankers of one town could not be used in any other town.

He made it clear that hydrants were being set up on a temporary basis and would work till the completion of work to lay
waterlines. After the completion, these hydrants would be used only in emergency situation.
(Dawn-17, 03/12/2006)

Safe drinking water supply ordered

RAWALPINDI, Dec 2: President Gen Pervez Musharraf has directed the departments concerned to speed up installation of
water purification plants throughout the country for the supply of safe drinking water to the masses.

The president issued the orders during a presentation on “Clean drinking water for all” project by the Ministry of Industries,
Production and Special Initiatives here on Saturday.

He said the government had allocated Rs8 billion for the clean water project to stop the spread of water-borne diseases.

President Musharraf directed early installation of plants in high-density population areas.

He also directed regular monitoring to evaluate and ensure the quality of the filtered water.

The president was briefed on the project under which water purification plants would be installed in every tehsil of the country.

The federal and provincial governments were coordinating for the timely completion of the project.

President Musharraf said the provincial governments would be responsible for the maintenance and operation of the plants.
Tehsil municipal administrations would provide operational support and ensure smooth running of the plants.
(Dawn-3, 03/12/2006)
 Mangla dam raising to be completed by Dec 2007: PM
ISLAMABAD: The Mangla Joint Venture has taken effective remedial measures to overcome the delay in completing the
Mangla dam raising project, Wapda said while briefing Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz on the project here on Saturday.

A senior official while quoting the Wapda presentation told The News that the Mangla Joint Venture is responsible for
completing the project as per schedule and the sub-contractors, who had refused to continue work on the agreed rates, have
started working speedily to offset the expected delay of six month to one year.

He said work on the site is in full swing and because of the seedy work the delay in implementation of the project would be
nominal. Some days ago Wapda in its rebuttal to The News story “Mangla raising delay to cost Rs 18 billion” had claimed that
the project would delay by five months.

“Now in its presentation to the prime minister, Wapda said delay would be of two to three months, which is nominal.”
Meanwhile, according the press release issued here, Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz said work on Mangla dam raising is going on
in full swing and it will be completed by December 2007 which will give additional capacity of 2.9 MAF water and 644 GWH
additional annual power generation.

The prime minister was chairing a meeting to review progress on the Mangla dam raising project. A detailed briefing was given
to the prime minister by Wapda about physical progress on each aspect of the project.

Shaukat Aziz emphasised the need for timely payment of compensation packages to the affected people. He asked the
concerned authorities to take all necessary measures to ensure that alternate land is handed over to the affected people well in
time.

The prime minister was informed that the total cost of the project is Rs 62 billion and its economic rate of return is 18 per cent
with more than Rs 10 billion annual return. He was informed that a total amount of Rs 26 billion would be paid to the affected
people as compensation for land and other works, houses and cost of resettlement works.

The prime minister was informed that the process of payment of compensation packages and land allotment would be
completed by the middle of 2007. Development work on a new city and four small towns, which are being built as part of the
project, is on target and these new localities will have modern infrastructure and all facilities of life. The meeting was attended
among others by Minister for Water and Power Liaqat Ali Jatoi and senior officials.
(By Khalid Mustafa, The News-1, 03/12/2006)

Water price

I WOULD like to share the information collected by me with the users of water bowsers for residence purposes in Karachi. The
information is very interesting and at times mindboggling.

I live in the Defence area and purchase at least two double water bowsers every week from Muslimabad hydrant from the
Rangers for Rs325 per bowser of 2,000 gallons. God bless them.

If by any chance in emergency you are short of water and require some water for your house, you have to call Ghulam Nabi
water services. They have their water hydrant next to the hydrant controlled by the Rangers. When you call them, they will give
you the time and date they can provide you the water bowser. The price for 2,000 gallons bowser is Rs950-1,000.

The other option is to call the NLC water bowser service. They will provide you 2,000 gallons for Rs1,100. The third option is
the open market. Pay as much as you can.

The other day I thought that in order to reduce the usage of water at my residence I should use sewerage treated water
provided by the DHA for the lawn. The price of 850 gallons was Rs300.

Now it is for the readers to evaluate the price difference.

DANYIAL AHMED, Karachi

(Dawn-6, 05/12/2006)

Hazards of polluted water

POLLUTED water claims thousands of lives every year. Speakers at some recent seminars stressed that contaminated water is
to blame for the 10,000 or so deaths that occur annually in Pakistan because of renal infections. According to the participants,
nearly 40 per cent of beds in government hospitals are occupied at any given time by patients suffering from waterborne
diseases. The World Health Organisation puts the figure at 25 to 30 per cent of all hospital admissions. Even at the low end,
these are alarming statistics. Yet they are not surprising given that a large section of the country’s population — if not the
majority — lacks access to clean drinking water, with the problem being most acute in the rural areas. Depending on how
potable water is defined, it is estimated that anywhere between 33 and 60 per cent of the total population does not have ready
access to water that is safe to drink.

The World Conservation Union earlier reported that nearly 60 per cent of infant deaths in Pakistan are linked to waterborne
diarrhoeal diseases and resulting dehydration. Arsenic contamination is another factor, especially in Sindh and Punjab where
many have been condemned to death or a life of severe disability. In February 2005, drinking water samples taken from 23
girls’ primary schools in Multan were found to contain arsenic levels eight times higher than those deemed permissible by the
WHO. Arsenic is not the only problem. In Manga Mandi near Lahore, hundreds of people, including some 175 children,
reported to hospitals in 2000 with debilitating bone deformities. The culprit in that case was believed to be excessive fluoride in
drinking water. While identifying unsafe wells and pipelines is important, these measures must be accompanied by the
provision of alternative sources of water. At the same time, due priority ought to be given to pressing problems such as
uncontrolled discharge of industrial waste, contamination from sewerage lines, pesticide-laden run-off from farms and
inadequate or faulty filtration systems. An integrated national water policy that emphasises stringent safety standards also
needs to be instituted forthwith. Without tackling the root causes, the government’s much-hyped clean drinking water initiatives
would turn out to be a farce.
(Dawn-7, 06/12/2006)

Hazards of polluted water

POLLUTED water claims thousands of lives every year. Speakers at some recent seminars stressed that contaminated water is
to blame for the 10,000 or so deaths that occur annually in Pakistan because of renal infections. According to the participants,
nearly 40 per cent of beds in government hospitals are occupied at any given time by patients suffering from waterborne
diseases. The World Health Organisation puts the figure at 25 to 30 per cent of all hospital admissions. Even at the low end,
these are alarming statistics. Yet they are not surprising given that a large section of the country’s population — if not the
majority — lacks access to clean drinking water, with the problem being most acute in the rural areas. Depending on how
potable water is defined, it is estimated that anywhere between 33 and 60 per cent of the total population does not have ready
access to water that is safe to drink.

The World Conservation Union earlier reported that nearly 60 per cent of infant deaths in Pakistan are linked to waterborne
diarrhoeal diseases and resulting dehydration. Arsenic contamination is another factor, especially in Sindh and Punjab where
many have been condemned to death or a life of severe disability. In February 2005, drinking water samples taken from 23
girls’ primary schools in Multan were found to contain arsenic levels eight times higher than those deemed permissible by the
WHO. Arsenic is not the only problem. In Manga Mandi near Lahore, hundreds of people, including some 175 children,
reported to hospitals in 2000 with debilitating bone deformities. The culprit in that case was believed to be excessive fluoride in
drinking water. While identifying unsafe wells and pipelines is important, these measures must be accompanied by the
provision of alternative sources of water. At the same time, due priority ought to be given to pressing problems such as
uncontrolled discharge of industrial waste, contamination from sewerage lines, pesticide-laden run-off from farms and
inadequate or faulty filtration systems. An integrated national water policy that emphasises stringent safety standards also
needs to be instituted forthwith. Without tackling the root causes, the government’s much-hyped clean drinking water initiatives
would turn out to be a farce.
(Dawn-7, 06/12/2006)

New strategy to recover water tax

KARACHI, Dec 9: City Nazim Mustafa Kamal has said that a new system of tax collection will be introduced in the Karachi
Water and Sewerage Board from next month to bring more consumers and areas into the tax net.

He told a delegation of the Asian development Bank (ADB) that the KWSB was supplying water to over 18 million inhabitants of
the city but due to ill planning on part of the previous governments, many city localities were still not in the tax net.

The delegation called on him at his office and discussed issues relating to the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board.

He said that the present city government had taken several steps to increase the revenue base of the water utility and for the
first time it introduced a monthly billing system to its 1.4 million consumers.

Mr Kamal said that at present the KWSB was distributing monthly bills to 1.1 million consumers and over 70 per cent of its
consumers had started paying their dues.

He informed the ADB delegation that the total recovery of the KWSB during the last five months was higher than the whole
previous year. He said he was not satisfied with the present state of recovery.

He maintained that the system could be improved further and by the beginning of next year when a systematic policy would be
introduced in the KWSB to bring all those localities into the tax net which were using water but not paying the dues. He said the
strategy had been prepared and it would be implemented in January 2007.

Mr Kamal said that previously the water utility was running with the help of government grants but now he wanted to make the
KWSB a self-reliance organisation.

Highlighting the water and sewerage relating projects, the city nazim said that the city government had initiated Rs14 billion
worth projects in different localities of the metropolis to improve the water supply.
(Dawn-19, 11/12/2006)

Inquiry into Kachi Canal

THE prime minister has ordered an inquiry into the Kachi Canal for its wrong planning. The canal is being executed without
proper planning and investigations and suffers from faulty design and wrong alignment which has escalated its cost from Rs31
billion to Rs70 billion.

No procedural code has been observed... This practice of wrong planning is not new with Wapda. It has been observed that the
project planning concepts and designs of the Scarps, the NDP and the LBOD are faulty and dangerous and have failed wasting
Rs750 billion.

However, no such inquiry had been ordered to ascertain the causes of their failure. Besides these, the Kurram Tangi dam, the
Munda dam, the Akhori and the Kalabagh dams suffer from faulty project planning concepts. There is an urgent need to
conduct inquiries into these faulty ventures.

The storage capacity of the Kurram Tangi dam is very low and badly designed. The dam would, therefore, not control and store
wet year’s flash floods and would have a short life span due to rapid silting by adopting restricted storage capacity of 0.614 maf
against the required 2.0 maf approximately. The provision of small live storage capacity of 0.614 maf on the Kurram River will
create water war within Bannu district between the farmers of the old and newly proposed areas.

The Munda dam is intended to control floods in the Kabul River and irrigate tens of thousands of acres of barren land. This is
not true, as this is a power dam on run-of-the-river. It has live storage capacity of only 0.67 maf which would be silted within few
years. An excellent site for a dam at Guroh Dop, about eight miles upstream of the Munda dam, with a storage capacity of 8.5
maf has been ignored by Wapda due to lack of any investigation.

Dr Pieter Lieftnick, head of the World Bank team, has rejected the 3.3 maf Akhori dam with a height of 250 feet due to weak
foundation. Therefore, the Gariala dam superseded the Akhori dam. Despite this, the height of Akhori dam is being raised from
250 feet to 400 feet to create seven maf storage capacity on weak foundation by preparing tailored feasibility report through
incompetent consultants. The PC-I of the Akhori dam has been submitted to the Ministry of Water and Power ignoring Dr Pieter
Lieftnick’s report. The ministry does not have experienced dam and reservoir engineers to critically examine the feasibility
reports and advise the government.

The Kalabagh dam is already controversial and is superseded by the Basha dam which too is only a replacement dam for
storage, lost due to silting. A 3.5 maf raised barrage is more suitable at the Kalabagh dam site but that has been ignored for
lack of investigations, though this barrage would be non-silting, long-life, and a multipurpose structure with a balancing
reservoir.

Similarly, the head works of Kachi Canal were originally located on the Indus near Mithon Kot to irrigate only about 0.1 million
acres. But later, Wapda abandoned the site and shifted the head works of the this canal to Taunsa barrage to irrigate 0.3
million acres. The shifting of head works of Kachi Canal to higher elevation at the Taunsa barrage to irrigate more land shows
that initially proper planning, survey and investigation were not carried out to know the best Kachi Canal alignment to command
maximum area of Kachi plain for irrigation.

Even now locating the head works at the Taunsa barrage is wrong, as the Kachi Canal off-take from the Taunsa barrage would
only irrigate about 10 per cent of the Kachi plain of 3.5 million acres. About 90 per cent of the Kachi plain would be deprived of
irrigation facilities by gravity flow. This would be a great national loss due to bad planning.

Investigation has shown that it is easily possible to irrigate the entire 3.5 million acres of the Kachi plain of Balochistan by
gravity flow from the Chashma barrage as originally proposed in 1962. The preliminary feasibility report was designed to irrigate
the whole of Kachi plain by the proposed All Pakistan Grand Canal fed perennially from the storage of the unique 35 maf
Katzarah dam, 20km downstream of Skardu town. All the required details were provided to make a decision in this regard.

The Indus River water surface elevation at the Chashma head works is 642 feet. The barrage pond elevation would be 660
feet. The elevation of Sibi town is 440 feet. It is located on the highest tip of the Kachi plain. The Sibi town is about 416 miles
from the Chashma barrage. It is, therefore, possible by gravity flow to irrigate the highest areas near Sibi town by adopting a
bed slope of one in 10,000 to irrigate almost the whole of Kachi plain of about 3.5 million acres.

The discharge required to irrigate 3.5 million acres is about 14,500 cusecs, but if sprinkler and drip irrigation methods are used,
about 6,000 cusecs discharge in lined canal would be enough. The Kachi Canal or the All Pakistan Grand Canal can further be
extended by about 96 miles where the canal elevation would come to 390 feet. This point is some 20 miles upstream of the
Kirthar branch and 28 miles upstream of Usta Mohammad. The Kachi plain would serve as the mini Indus basin on the Right
Bank of the Indus River. The Kachi Canal would have an excellent patrol road, which can be connected to Karachi and
Peshawar. It would be the shortest route joining one end of the country with the other.

A new area would be opened for economic development. The irrigation of about 3.5 million acres of the Kachi plain would
improve the entire environment of Pakistan besides boosting the economy and bringing peace in Balochistan. An inquiry is
needed at the highest technical level to know as to why the Kachi Canal was not taken off from the Chashma barrage to irrigate
the whole of Kachi plain.

The above facts prove that vital mega projects for water and hydropower development costing billions of dollars are wrongly
prepared due to lack of survey and investigations and by adopting wrong project planning concepts thereby destroying their
optimum development potential.

The reason is that mega projects are prepared at random with very poor site investigations through inefficient retired engineers
who never worked as consultants. The projects are planned as per desire of the client and their technical feasibility and
economic viability is prepared accordingly. Wrong and cooked data is adopted to forcibly prove that the project is feasible.

It is surprising that no one has paid attention to provide a sound drainage system in the Indus basin after the failure of the
Scarps and the NDP. An irrigation system cannot be without its vital component of drainage system. Presently, the Indus basin
is invisibly destroyed by the use of 45 maf of injurious saline drainage effluent injecting about 150 million tons of injurious salts
in the soil each year. About 76 per cent of the groundwater is unfit for irrigation. It is estimated that at this rate of salt injection,
the Indus basin would turn a saline waste by 2030.

The vision 2016 is myopic, erratic and ineffective as it suffers from poor water project planning concepts to achieve optimum
benefits. The vision 2016, four mega dams are of very low storage capacity with doubtful technical feasibility and poor
economic viability. The problems of the above mentioned four mega dams and two mega drainage projects are far more
serious and complicated than the ill-planned Kachi Canal now under inquiry.

Surprisingly, the unique and multipurpose 35 maf Katzarah dam at a cost of $5.5 billion is ignored because Wapda is allergic to
it for having failed to conceive it and is more interested in executing the ineffective vision 2016 dams that would collectively cost
about $43 billion and suffer from numerous faults as well as lack of feasibility.

Moreover, the 20 million acres of barren land in the four provinces that lie at higher elevation than the source of water cannot
be irrigated to produce food as 35 maf of floodwater that goes waste to sea cannot be controlled without the mega dam at
Katzarah. A cheap hydropower to lift water is not available from the mega dam. Katzarah would generate about 15,000 MW of
power, control super floods, irrigate barren area of about eight to 10 million acres in the four provinces, regulate the erratic river
flow and serve as carryover reservoir.

The unique benefit of Katzarah dam is that it will function as watershed management dam to prevent silt flow in the Indus water
and prolong life of reservoirs on the Indus.
The source and origin of silt is on account of soil erosion in Skardu valley as its soil is one of the highly erodible soil in the
world. This needs to be checked at the source by constructing Katzarah dam.

There is a dire need for an urgent inquiry to know why the Katzarah dam is being ignored from vision 2016 as it alone is equal
to more than six dams of Basha size or Kalabagh size. Katzarah would increase the life of Basha dam from 80 to about 1000
years. The site of Katzarah dam was discovered in 1962 and confirmed by Dr Pieter Lieftnick in 1968.
(By Eng. Fateh Ullah Khan, Dawn-Economic & Business Review, Page-IV, 11/12/2006)

Focus shifts to building of three dams

ISLAMABAD: The government focus has been shifted to the construction of three mega water reservoirs with the Planning
Commission taking up the gigantic task of completing the projects by 2016.

“We are in with full focus on planning and construction of Bhasha, Kalabagh and Akhori dams,” a senior official told The News.
The official said billions of dollars would be required for the construction of these dams, as the government has started working
on firming up huge capital outlay to be required for the construction of these water reservoirs.

“Pakistan needs these dams and these have to be completed by 2016, so that the country doesn’t face any water shortage,”
said the official. He said the last two meetings of the Central Development Working Party (CDWP) of the Planning Commission
chaired by Deputy Chairman Muhammad Akram Shaikh were focused on these dams.

“This sent strong signals all across that the government means business in order to construct these dams, and the message
was clear and loud for all present in these meetings,” said the official. Some people say the government would find out
resource alternates, so that work on these mega water projects starts well in time.

Initially, the government would be requiring around Rs 210 billion for planning, designing and doing some spadework and start
of the construction work at the site, though the original cost of these projects would be much higher.

It is also the primary reason that the government would not allocate additional funds to any other mega projects unless it is
absolutely essential. Online adds: The federal government has started a survey of the areas which would be affected by the
Diamer-Bhasha dam, to finalise a compensation package.

Following the survey, a compensation package would be finalised for payment to the affected people. The government has
already allocated billions of rupees for payment of compensation to the people being displaced. The revenue collector on behalf
of the government has issued notices to owners of water affected, cultivated and barren lands, and buildings. Prominent and
responsible people have been asked to conduct measurement of residential and trade buildings and lands in collaboration with
the government.
(By Shakil Shaikh, The News-1, 13/12/2006)

Waterlines in Lyari
KARACHI, Dec 12: The Baloch Rights Council condemned the government’s decision that Lyari would be supplied water
through pipelines, which will be passing through Lyari River, under K-III project saying that this would pollute the water.

A press release issued by the BRC termed it a conspiracy against inhabitants of Lyari who would be provided polluted water.
The council said there was no justification of laying down the water pipelines through the river which had already turned into a
sewage drain. This would ultimately result in wastage of billion of rupees, the council said.
(Dawn-19, 13/12/2006)

Water issues
President Musharraf is right in expressing dismay and disappointment over Pakistan's failure to construct any new dams in the
last 30 years. Addressing a ceremony in Islamabad to mark the silver jubilee of the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, the
president expressed the resolve of his government to commence various projects to build dams. The fact is that the country
desperately needs to augment its water storage capacity given the silting of Tarbela and Mangla dams and increased demand
from a sharply higher population (compared to when these and other reservoirs were built). Ideally, of course, and depending
on political and financial considerations, the country needs a major dam or a series of small reservoirs, for hydel as well as
irrigation needs. As for Kalabagh, it has too much controversy surrounding it and will have to be built only after a national
consensus is reached on it and the doubts of the smaller provinces removed. That can best be done if all sides -- those for and
especially those against it -- were to treat the issue in a purely technical manner and not politicise it. Unfortunately, however,
even the purely technical debate has become just that -- politicised -- with either side accusing the other of manipulating facts
and figures to forward its position.

In addition to arriving at a national consensus on the building of new dams (how exactly this is done is left up to the centre but it
should involve the taking into confidence of parliament), the government needs to educate the general public about the
importance of water conservation. Even in Third World countries such as India, water-harvesting techniques are gaining
ground, but we, despite our acute water shortage, live our lives as if there were an unending supply of water. Houses built in
some states in India are required by local laws to employ construction material and design that facilitates water-harvesting
techniques to 'catch' rainwater and use it for various needs. There is also the option of installing water meters for domestic and
commercial users. This would be far better than a flat rate for water use because it would provide an incentive -- in the form of a
lower bill -- to conserve water. This idea is reportedly being considered in Rawalpindi and needs to be used elsewhere as well.
Building dams and expanding Pakistan's water storage capacity is essential for future economic development but the fruits will
be reaped only in the long term. For the shorter term, Pakistanis need to be educated on water-conservation and harvesting
techniques.
(The News-7, 14/12/2006)

Sindh to claim Rs3.5 billion from centre

KARACHI, Dec 14: The Sindh government has claimed that it has Rs3.5 billion outstanding against federal government’s
institutions, including the Hyderabad Water and Sewerage Authority, the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board, and its share of
expenditure on the Pakistan Rangers and the Frontier Constabulary.

The dues are in addition to Sindh’s share in Rs50 million announced by the president on June 4, 2001, for mines and mineral
development departments. The issue of the dues will be taken up in the inter-provincial coordination committee meeting to be
held in Lahore on Saturday.

Speaking at a press conference here on Thursday, Sindh Minister for Inter-Provincial Coordination Dr Sohrab Sarki said it was
for the first time that four items sent by his department had been included in the agenda of the meeting.

He said though the Sindh government, which had 25 per cent share in the Lakhra power plant, had given permission for its
privatisation and the Privatisation Commission had referred the matter to Wapda, no progress had been made on re-signing the
lease contract for coal excavation from the leased-out mines, and it remained a property of the Sindh government.

Another item included in the agenda pertains to the sharing of 50 per cent expenditures on law and order as announced by
then prime minister in March 1995.

He said that Rs1,517.47 million – 50 per cent of the total expenditure incurred by the Sindh government from 2001 to 2005 –
was outstanding against the federal government. He said the federal ministry of finance had been approached for
reimbursement, but no response had been received.

Dr Sarki said that out of the total amount, Rs203.967 million was outstanding against defence institutions, Rs52.464 million
against the Pakistan Railways and Rs01.524 million against relief institutions.

Likewise, he said Rs1,773.339 million of the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board was outstanding against federal institutions –
Rs1,551.539 million against defence, Rs198.982 million against works, Rs2.564 million against the finance department,
Rs4.320 million against the CBR, Rs14.700 million against the science and technology department and Rs1.234 million against
the communication department.

The minister said another item included in the agenda pertains to the Scarp project. The federal government on behalf of Sindh
had made direct payment to Wapda for the project, and Wapda had not provided details of expenditures.

The expenditures were described as cash development loans and 12 to 18 per cent interest was charged on it.Dr Sarki said the
fourth item was the share of the Sindh government in Rs50 million mines and mineral development fund announced by the
president.
(Dawn-3, 15/12/2006)

Japanese agency to chalk out master plan

KARACHI, Dec 14: Following a request from the Government of Pakistan, the Japanese government through the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has agreed to undertake a study mainly aimed at chalking out a master plan for an
improved water supply and sewerage system in Karachi targeting the requirements up to year 2025, sources told Dawn.

The project will also include a feasibility study for the priority projects selected in the master plan and pursue technology
transfer to its Pakistani counterparts in the respective fields during the course of the study.

The study area will be limited to the Karachi City District comprising 18 towns and the areas serving as the raw water sources
and their conveyance routes to the city.

According to well-placed sources, the JICA has been given the task of determining the consultancy requirements for the study,
which will have 24 months of duration.

Besides, the sources said, there were various sub-projects proposed for the feasibility study in the sub-sectors aimed at
addressing the key issues responsible for the poor quality of infrastructure and services.

Officials said although a master plan for water and sewerage was currently being prepared by JICA, there was no master plan
pertaining to drainage.

The KWSB has recently assumed responsibility for improving drainage in the city since most of the wastewater generated is
discharged into the storm-water drains.

The project will also update the existing concepts, preliminary designs and feasibility study for the Korangi Sewer Rehabilitation
and Sewage Treatment Plant project.

Sources said these subprojects were supported by advisory studies on tariff reforms and organisational development, and by
capacity building assistance to reinforce sustainability of the rehabilitated infrastructure and services.

Sources said the KWSB had already received ADB assistance for sewerage and wastewater management improvements,
besides the assistance from the World Bank and Japan Bank for International Cooperation for water supply improvements.

However, they said, critical system needs were still there, and among them were a new master plan for water supply and
sewerage to supersede the existing plan designed for a period up to year 2003.
(Dawn-18, 15/12/2006)

Korangi waste water project

APROPOS of a news item on the Korangi waste water project (Dec 9), I would like to say that KWSB's Korangi Sewerage
Project was a part of the Asian Development Bank-financed the KWSB's Greater Karachi Sewerage Plan. When this plan was
presented, the resource persons from civil society, community-based organisations, research organisations, journalists and
government institutions reviewed the project. The review of the Korangi waste water project showed that the plan negated the
ground realities and its cost was unreasonably high.

Since mid-1997 the civil society lobbied against this ADB-funded project. Its point was that the ADB had violated its own rules
and procedure in approving the project. By December 1997 the civil society presented an alternative sewage disposal plan for
Korangi. The alternative plan was cost-effective, and corresponds to the ground realities. This alternative sewage disposal plan
for Korangi can be built at an estimated cost of $2025 million as against the ADB's project costing $100 million.

At two meetings, dated March 3, 1999 and April 2, 1999, the alternative plan was presented to the Sindh governor, who
rejected the ADB plan and accepted the alternative proposal, in principle, and gave directives for its implementation. Now the
KWSB is already way ahead for implementing this plan.

Recent newspaper reports have said that again there is pressure from the the ADB to revive the loan for the Korangi waste
water project. I think we should respect the governor's decision to reject this loan and make efforts to get the alternative low-
cost plan implemented. This can be completed through local resources and there is no need for the ADB's loan.

MUHAMMAD YOUNUS, Karachi

(Dawn-6, Letter to the Editor, 18/12/2006)

Govt to seek $17 billion from lenders: Construction of three major dams
ISLAMABAD, Dec 17: The government has decided to immediately prepare and negotiate a $17 biillion, 15-year business plan
with four leading international lenders for the construction of three major dams in the country, Dawn has learnt.

The decision on the financing of the construction of the Kalabagh, Diamer-Bhasha and Akhori dams was taken at a meeting of
the task force on mega dams led by Adviser to the Prime Minister on Finance Dr Salman Shah on Dec 11.

The task force comprises federal secretaries of the ministries of finance, water and power, the economic affairs division and the
planning commission. The adviser on water and power, members of the Water and Power Development Authority and other
officials of various government agencies are also on the task force.

A senior government official told Dawn on Sunday that the task force was constituted at a recent meeting of the president and
the prime minister and was entrusted with the task of starting formal financial preparations for the dams. He added that the
announcement of the task force constitution was not made to keep the professional and technical work in a low profile.

The task force decided to create special cells in three federal divisions -- finance, economic affairs and water and power led by
respective secretaries -- to become focal points for interaction with foreign lenders.

Water and Power Secretary Ashfaq Mehmood suggested to the task force to create a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) to finance
and construct the Diamer-Bhasha dam following the international practice of creation of offshore companies for investment and
tax purposes.

“This will also enable the government to take up the project along market-based, commercial lines without recourse to normal
audit issues and bureaucratic approvals and may encourage even the local private sector to be part of it under the new public-
private partnership scheme,” the official said. The task force was informed that initial contacts with the World Bank, Asian
Development Bank, Islamic Development Bank and Saudi Fund for Development had already been made and the response
was very encouraging.

Some of the lenders, the meeting was informed, needed a broad-based resettlement policy, risk mitigation measures and a
long-term business plan along with a repayment mechanism to meet their standards, policy concerns and board approvals.

The World Bank -- because of its experience of resettlement issues of the Tarbela and Mangla dams where many displaced
persons are still homeless -- was insisting on a national resettlement policy to satisfy its legal requirements. The bank’s own
poor performance in the implementation of the Left-Bank Outfall Drain has caused it to be more vigilant on environment and
livelihood issues of the people likely to be affected by the dams construction.

The water and power ministry cell was directed to prepare a national resettlement policy, land acquisition and resettlement
mechanism specifically for the three dams, environmental aspects, tender documents, bidding process and prequalification
criteria besides financial needs on an annual basis. It would be assisted by Wapda, Nespak and Chief Engineering
Organisation, Indus River System Authority, etc.

The ministry of finance will prepare, with input from the water and power ministry, the overall financing requirement for each
project on an annual basis, examine terms and conditions of the foreign financing and put in place the repayment schedule.
The cell in the economic affairs division, in consultation with the finance and the water and power ministries cell, will act as a
one-window operation to hold formal negotiations with the lenders.

The sources said an inter-provincial committee led by Secretary Ashfaq Mehmood and appointed by the Executive Committee
of the National Economic Council a couple of months ago approved early this month a land acquisition mechanism for the
Diamer-Bhasha dam.

The committee, however, asked the provincial governments to submit their views on construction priorities and related issues of
the two other dams, promising that they would be analysed by Wapda which would come up with a plan for consensus within
two months. Till such time, Wapda was directed to start an awareness campaign throughout the country in January about the
merits and demerits of various dams.

According to the water and power ministry, the total cost of three dams was expected to be about Rs1.027 trillion ($17.1 billion),
including a foreign exchange component of Rs433 billion ($7.22 billion). The cost of the Diamer-Bhasha, Kalabagh and Akhori
dams were estimated at $6.51 billion, $6.2 billion and $4.44 billion, respectively.

The government plans to seek foreign financing of $2.964 billion for the Diamer-Bhasha, $2.84 billion for the Kalabagh dam and
$1.42 billion for the Akhori dam. These three dams are part of the five big dams project President Pervez Musharraf announced
in January. The other two daws -- Munda and Kurram Tangi - are in the process of being given to the private sector for
construction. The construction of none of the five projects has taken off yet.
(By Khaleeq Kiani, Dawn-1, 18/12/2006)

UCs to get 25pc of water bills

KARACHI, Dec 20: The nazims and councillors of all the 178 union councils (UCs) of the city will help the Karachi Water and
Sewerage Board (KWSB) in collection of monthly water tax from consumers living in their respective areas for getting 25 per
cent ‘commission’.

Well-placed sources told Dawn that the water utility will give 25 per cent amount from the total collection of the water tax from
consumers living in each union council. The system is likely to start functioning by the end of January.

The sources explained that if the total bill collection amount from a UC was Rs1 million then the water utility will give Rs0.25
million to that UC as its share for helping the KWSB in the bill collection efforts. The 25 per cent amount of the total bills would
only be spent by the UCs on water and sewerage related projects, the sources added.

They said a decision to involve all the 178 UCs in the monthly bill collection drive was taken by the city nazim, Mustafa Kamal,
for increasing the revenue base of the water utility and it would be implemented from January 2007.

The new system of tax collection aims at bringing more consumers and areas into the tax net and the UC nazims and
councillors concerned would help the utility in this regard. “If the bill recovery goes up, their share of 25 per cent will also be
increased,” said a KWSB official.

The official said the KWSB had over 1.4 million consumers and in order to increase its revenue base, a system of monthly
billing was introduced and at present the KWSB was distributing monthly bills to 1.1 million consumers. The total recovery of
the utility during the last five months was much higher than that of the whole previous year.

The sources, however, maintained that the hundreds of thousands of consumers, who were receiving water tax, were not
paying the dues. The city nazim, who is also the chairman of the KWSB, is dissatisfied with the present position as a number of
localities and people in the city are still using KWSB services without paying any tax.

The sources said that under the new system, the UC nazims and councillors would monitor the bill collection system and would
deal directly with the defaulters and help the water utility in disconnecting their connections.

According to the sources, sharing 25 per cent of the total bill collection amount with the UCs would make no negative impact on
the KWSB’s financial position as the UCs would be bound to utilise the 25 per cent amount on water and sewerage related
projects in their respective localities, which was otherwise carried out by the KWSB.

City Nazim Mustafa Kamal, the sources said, would soon present this plan to the City Council and it will be enforced by the end
of the next month.
(By Azfar-ul-Ashfaque, Dawn-19, 21/12/2006)

$1.7bn ADB financing for power, water sectors

ISLAMABAD, Dec 20: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) will provide $1.7 billion to remove transmission bottlenecks to
power delivery and help improve management of Punjab's water resources.

The $800 million financing facility has been approved for removing transmission bottlenecks, while $900 million will be offered
for increasing productivity in the province's irrigated agriculture through a multi-tranche financing facility.

The funds will rehabilitate and expand parts of the country's transmission system to meet present and anticipated future
demand and ensure that system's operation and maintenance continue.

Excess load on transmission lines at substations is one of the critical factors, causing transmission and distribution losses in
Pakistan's power system. At the end of 2006-07, more than three quarters of the country's 500kv and 69 per cent of its 220kv
transformers were overloaded.

According to an ADB announcement on Wednesday, Pakistan's present transmission system faces considerable risks and
costly servicing because it is operating at or above rating limits. The system as it stands cannot keep up with present demand
and risks major delivery constraints. Providing more reliable power is essential for growth and expansion of Pakistan's economy
and, in turn, economic and social development, the bank said.

Recognizing these issues, the country's sole transmission company, the National Transmission and Dispatch Company, in
coordination with the ministry of water and power, has prepared a transmission sector roadmap for 2007-16. Through an
investment plan estimated at $3.9 billion, the new ADB funding is expected to address the system's current shortcomings.

The ADB's power transmission enhancement investment programme will meet about 20 per cent of this cost over a period of 10
years. Using the multi-tranche financing facility, the government can make period financing requests that will be converted to
separate loans.

The ADB planned to fund 19 sub-projects to provide 26 transformers, two new substations, 50km of transmission line and one
static variety compensator.

The programme for Punjab will meet about a quarter of the estimated total cost of $3.5 billion to upgrade the state's irrigation
and water resources infrastructure to modern standards.

Irrigated agriculture in Punjab accounts for more than a quarter of the province's gross domestic product output, employs about
half of the labour force, and uses more than 90 per cent of water resources. However, its service level has been adversely
impacted by demographic pressures, new production technologies, climatic changes, cropping patterns, floods, etc.
To address such problems, the ADB loan programme will finance comprehensive rehabilitation and upgrading of the Punjab's
irrigation infrastructure, improve strategies and practices for groundwater management and facilitate improved irrigation
technology.
(By Ihtasham ul Haq, Dawn-3, 21/12/2006)

Preparatory work on 3 dams in progress:

Rs23.2bn approved for 20 projects
ISLAMABAD, Dec 21: The government has expedited preparatory work on an action plan for the implementation of three major
dams — Kalabagh, Akhori and Diamer-Bhasha -– to save time and meet execution schedule for the completion of five
reservoirs before 2016, the Planning Commission said on Thursday.

This was stated by Planning Commission member infrastructure Dr Asad Ali Shah after attending a meeting of the Central
Development Working Party (CDWP) that approved Rs23.2 billion for 20 development projects, including Rs2.4 billion
escalation cost for the Pat Feeder project and Balochistan University.

Mr Shah said the assessment committee led by the water and power secretary would hold its second meeting in January to
consider a detailed implementation plan being prepared by Wapda. He said once the committee submitted its report, the
procedural route of clearance by the CDWP and the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council (Ecnec) would be
adopted.

In reply to a query, he said the decision to construct big dams had been taken at the higher levels and the committee was
working out an action plan for the implementation of the three dams.

Wapda was directed in the last meeting of the committee to formulate a detailed action plan on the recommendations of the
provincial irrigation authorities.

Spokesman for the Planning Commission Asif Sheikh said the CDWP had also approved Rs5.64 billion for the construction of
two medical towers one each in Karachi and Islamabad. He said the medical tower in JPMC, Karachi, would have 13 storeys
and would cost Rs3.418 billion. The PIMS medical tower in Islamabad would have 14 storeys and would cost Rs2.225 billion.

The other projects in the health sector were the provision of 64 Slice Helical Scan Angiography equipment in the Karachi
Institute of Heart Disease worth Rs120 million and up-gradation of the District Hospital Chillas from 100 to 200 beds at a cost of
Rs200 million.

The CDWP, which met with Planning Commission deputy chairman Dr Akram Sheikh in the chair, also approved 10 projects in
the infrastructure sector costing Rs15.3 billion, seven projects in the social sector worth Rs7.2 billion, and three projects in
other sectors worth Rs0.7 billion.

Out of total 20 projects, two projects pertaining to water and higher education in Balochistan were revised. These projects were
the extension of Pat Feeder for utilising Indus water in Balochistan. Its cost was revised from the earlier R2.2 billion to Rs4.5
billion because of an escalation in prices and increase in command area of the project that would irrigate 201,000 acres, up by
42,000 acres from the original 151,000 acres. The strengthening and development of the University of Balochistan will now cost
Rs277 million instead of Rs191 million.

On the provincial basis, seven projects worth Rs6.9 billion were approved for Punjab, Rs4.0 billion for three projects in Sindh,
one project worth Rs0.5 billion for NWFP, Rs4.9 billion for three projects in Balochistan, one project worth Rs0.2 billion for
northern areas, and five projects all over the country worth Rs 6.7 billion.

In the infrastructure sector, the projects recommended include: construction of Ch Zahoor Ellahi Shaheed bridge over river
Chinab in Shahbazpur, Gujrat district (Rs1.132 billion); amended PC-I/cost estimates for dualisation of Lahore-Kasur section --
Khana to Kasur (Phase-II) (Rs2.103 billion); amended PC-I/cost estimates for dualisation of Kasur Ganda road section (Phase-
III) (Rs545.27 million); construction of additional bridge near Salgran on Rawalpindi-Murree-Kashmir road (Rs35.12 million);
construction of dual-carriageway from Gujrat to Salam interchange (motorway) through Mandi Bahauddin (Rs2.88 billion); and
rehabilitation, up-gradation and conversion of 400 coaches (Rs3.43 billion).

In water resources, the Trichan-Attahk irrigation scheme in Aulkoh, Chitral district, worth Rs429 million and a revised project
worth Rs4.47 billion for the extension of Pat Feeder for utilising Indus water in Balochistan were approved.

In higher education, three projects totalling Rs1.227 billion were approved. They are: up-gradation and modernisation of the
existing laboratories and libraries at the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi (Rs464 million); up-gradation and
strengthening of the Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Phase-II (Rs485.46 million); and strengthening and development of
the University of Balochistan, Quetta, (Rs277 million).

In science and technology, Rs712 million was approved for two projects. They are: development and promotion of biogas
technology for meeting domestic fuel needs of rural areas and production of bio-fertiliser (Rs89 million); and faculty
development at the University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, USA (Rs484.38 million).

In industries and commerce, Rs138.93 million was approved for the construction of boundary wall and site office for Gwadar
EPZ. Two projects worth Rs235.2 million approved were sewerage and drainage scheme for smooth disposal, Okara city,
(Rs185.16 million), and drainage scheme and sewerage system, Okara city, (Rs50.02 million).
(By Khaleeq Kiani, Dawn-1, 22/12/2006)

Five dams to be completed by 2016: PM

MIANWALI, Dec 23: Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz said on Saturday that the construction of Kalabagh and four other dams
would be completed by 2016 with consensus to meet the water reservoirs and electricity needs of the country.

Speaking at the ground breaking of the Jinnah hydropower project near Kalabagh, the prime minister said that while seven
years ago the country was begging from other nations, now the government was in the position to built big projects for the
betterment of the country with its own resources.

He said the government was also working to get electricity from natural gas, furnace oil, coal, nuclear energy, bio mass,
windmills, solar energy and other sources.

He said that because of the arrival of foreign investors the country’s electricity demand was increasing by up to 12 per cent
annually and the new projects are part of the efforts to meet the requirement. He said there would be no loadshedding after the
completion of such projects.

The prime minister said a target of electrification of 560 villages in Mianwali district had been set, of which 530 were getting
electricity supply and the remaining would get it before the end of the year.

He said one-third of the country’s population was dependent on agriculture and it needed water for irrigation, so the
government would construct dams at Kalabagh, Kuram tangi, Munda and Akhori, while work had been begun on Basha dam.
The prime minister said the country was purchasing electricity from Iran for some areas of Balochistan.

He said the government had reduced prices of fertilisers and daily use items.

He said he would direct the Water and Power Development Authority to prefer the people of the district for jobs in the Jinnah
hydropower project. He said China was providing financial and technical, assistance for the $128 million project.

The prime minister praised the Dong Fong Electric Corporation of China for implementation of the project and said it had played
a pivotal role in construction of the Ghazi Barotha Dam.

He advised the firm to complete the project in three years— one year ahead of schedule.

Water and Power Minister Liaquat Jatoi and Punjab Governor Khalid Maqbool also spoke, while Parliamentary Affairs Minister
Dr Sher Afgan Niazi and the district government boycotted the event.
(Dawn-3, 24/12/2006)

Manchhar lake: a disaster in the making?

KARACHI: The water level in the Manchhar Lake, Dadu district, has reached a dangerous high and although a round-the-clock
vigil is on, a disaster cannot be ruled out.

The water level has already touched a mark of 113.9 RL, causing seepage at four points. A number of villages lying near the
embankment stand waterlogged. And if the embankment gives in to the torrent, it will not only devastate large areas in Bubak,
Sehwan and Bhan Syedabad, but also the highly toxic water will advance up to Hyderabad and down to the delta. This is likely
to leave a trail of devastation -- both in terms of human life and damage to cattle and crops.

The discharge of lake water began on Dec 10 and at present 390 cusec is being released thrown into the Indus in order to
lower the lake level. Before the water discharge began, a meeting of experts decided on Dec 7 to release water at a ratio of
1:50 as the lead content stands at 5,000mgs instead of 500mgs while the magnesium content is 700mg instead of the normal
30mgs.

In 2004, when toxic water of the lake was discharged into the Indus, it brought death to 42 people in Hyderabad, sent hundreds
to hospitals and caused a substantial damage to vegetation in lower Sindh. The situation may deteriorate after Dec 25 -- when
the canals of the barrages would resort to rotation, stopping the discharge from the two barrages for general consumption.

The issue of throwing toxic water into the Indus goes back to the construction of the Right Bank Outfall Drain (RBOD), which
brings saline water from upper parts of the country. The Manchhar lake system is based on a natural fill-and-discharge. The
system works in a manner that during the flood season the Indus water fills the lake through Aral canal. And during the off
season -- when Indus gets lesser water from Sukkur Barrage -- Aral releases the lake water back into the Indus to meet the
shortage downstream Kotri.

Since the commissioning of a part of the RBOD in 1982, the Manchhar has been taking a much longer time to fill. But in recent
years when the lake failed to get the required fresh quantity of water, the ratio of toxic water increased. And when this toxic
water was released in 2004, it wreaked havoc in Hyderabad and other towns that get drinking water from the Kotri Barrage and
Kotri waterworks.

Many people died and cattle and agriculture below Kotri Barrage suffered. After an intensive study, it was decided that the
quantity of Manchhar lake water to be released in Sindh would be determined under the following criteria:

a) the water does not contain more toxics than normally usable, and

b) the proportion of water in Indus and water to be released from the lake be maintained at a ratio of 1:50.

At the Dec 7 meeting of experts, it was said that if the pressure on Manchhar is to be reduced in 15 days, the water intake in
Indus from Sukkur Barrage should not exceed 200,000 cusecs – an improbability during the current season.

However, the option of releasing 1,000 cusecs was also discussed but then it needed a discharge from Sukkur Barrage to at
least 50,000 cusecs – again a difficult proposition. It was only after experts’ visit to the site and water availability in the Indus
that 390 cusecs was released.

At present 15,000 cusecs have been released from the Sukkur Barrage. This includes 30 per cent losses during the 15-day
flow to Kotri Barrage.

This year, rains in the Kachho areas have raised the level of lake water. This threatens to inundate adjoining towns and
farmlands.

An immediate solution to the exigency is nowhere in sight. In the first instance, the volume of lake effluents released into the
Indus cannot exceed the standards recommended by experts. If the lake is allowed to stand the increased pressure, a constant
fear of breaches remains. The fate of thousands living in the vicinity is unimaginable.

The only plausible solution is to immediately release 50,000 cusecs of Indus water from the Sukkur Barrage for at least a week
and to increase the offtake from Manchhar to 600 cusecs to pre-empt any danger to its banks. In the meantime, the quantum of
water to be released from Tarbela for the Indus could be increased to replenish the losses for the current crops.

It is for experts and leaders to fill the shortage caused by the release of water from Tarbela. But to leave things unattended will
only invite unforeseen catastrophe.
(By Shaikh Aziz, Dawn-17, 25/12/2006)

Desalination plant for Gwadar to cost Rs700m

ISLAMABAD, Dec 26: The federal government is urgently providing special Rs700 million funding to Balochistan to help meet
15-year water demand of the Gwadar Industrial Estate (GIE) through the installation of a foreign assembled desalination plant.

According to official sources, several suppliers of bigger size desalination plants have been contacted to provide two million
gallons per day (mgd) desalination plant for GIE.

There are several suppliers of desalination plant, each having their proprietary system with different price tag. The objective
would be to get a fully foreign assembled plant with sufficient warrantee from a reliable and experienced supplier, who can also
guarantee ready supply of spare parts and can promptly deal with emergencies.

The cost of two - train plant with accessories and allied civil, electrical and mechanical works, including departmental charges
contingencies, and consultancy, is estimated as Rs700 million.

The future demand of water supply will be met partly by recycling of waste water (irrigation and industrial cooling) and partly by
the desalination plant. At present there is no water resource available in the area.

The Balochistan government has provided 3,000 acres of land through two separate allotment letters, out of which 20 acres
land will be made available free of cost through the Gwadar Industrial Estate to set up water desalination plant, intake work,
storage tanks and other facilities.

The total cost of water supply from the plant (including depreciation) will be Rs0.25 per gallon against the cost of water supplied
by tankers at Rs0.76 per gallon.

The total saving on full production of two million gallons will be Rs219 million per annum. However, the decision to install plant
is the need based and not return based.

As the actual use of water in the industrial estate in the initial stages of development will be small, the water can be sold to their
users on market rates, especially to the industrial and commercial development planned in the vicinity of the estate by the
private sector.

There will be approximately 2,000 industrial units in the Gwadar Industrial Estate providing employment to 30,000 workers.
Most of the production will be export-oriented and will bring foreign exchange to the country.

The project will be implemented by appointment of a consortium of consultants.

The development of infrastructure is the top priority of the government of Balochistan. The most basic requirements being
roads, water supply, electrification and sewerage system.

The demand of water largely depends on the type of industries to be installed there. Whereas chemical and textile industries
may have a large water demand, some value-added garments and electronics will require very little water.

On an average demand of 1,000 gallons per acre per day, the estimated water demand would be about 2.5 million gallons per
day (mgd) during the year 2008, which will increase at 10 per cent per annum at an average. The requirements of irrigation of
road-side plantation and green areas will be largely met from the recirculation of treated sewerage effluent.

The underground water in Gwadar is extremely deficient both in terms of quantity and quality. The only source of surface water
that can be used for GIE is Saear Dam located some 24 km away. The cost of transmission of water over 24 km distance and
filtration will be substantially high, roughly estimated at Rs250 - 300 million.

However, due to irregular and scanty rainfall in the area, surface water sources such as the dam, which wholly depend on the
rainfall, cannot be relied upon as in times of draughts (which are not uncommon), the industrial production will greatly suffer. It
has been decided that due to proximity with sea, the most reliable source of water supply for the GIE would be desalination of
sea water.
(Dawn-9, 27/12/2006)

Provincial committee to monitor water, sanitation

KARACHI: Despite the expenditure of billions of rupees, the water and sanitation infrastructure throughout the province is in
dilapidated condition.

Muhammad Hussain Khan, Sindh Minister for Local Government, Katchi Abadies and Spatial Development keeping in view the
conditions, observed that there was a need to establish a provincial committee for planning and monitoring of water and
sanitation situation. He said this while in a meeting with a delegation of water and sanitation programme (WSP) of the World
Bank, at his office, on Tuesday. The delegation was headed by Farhan Sami, country team leader, WSP.

Hussain Khan further said that global donor agencies through various non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and with the
collaboration of provincial government were executing numerous projects in water and sanitation sector, but there was no
visible change in the situation. He further added that the water and sanitation system of all the cities and towns should be
improved through coordinated efforts and uniform policy which will result in better service to the masses.
(The News-3, 27/12/2006)

Tanker rates raised

KARACHI, Dec 29: The operators of water tankers taking advantage of the increase in people’s requirements on the occasion
of Eidul Azha, have raised the rates from Rs400 to Rs550 and Rs600 and that of saltish water from Rs300 to Rs400.

Some of the tankers are supplying muddy water obtained from the Hub canal. This water, cannot be used for at least one day
after it is filled to allow the mud to settle.

The rate for this type of water is also not less than Rs400. About forty per cent (40 PC) of the total population of Orangi town is
meeting its requirements through this type of water.

Residents in the township are upset with the increase in rates and demanded that there should be an official check on prices.
The residents pointed out that in Baldia Town the local bodies elected representatives had arranged common distribution
centres where poor families could obtain water free of cost, but there was no such arrangement in Orangi.
(Dawn-17, 30/12/2006)

Compensation sought for displaced people: Taunsa project

MULTAN, Dec 30: Civil society organisations who gathered at the Taunsa Barrage for a two-day people’s assembly resolved to
launch a peaceful struggle against “unjust” projects launched in the name of dams and development.

The two-day assembly entitled ‘Sindh Sagar Sath’, or people’s tribunal on the Indus, which concluded at Wasti Sheikhan was
organised by the Sindhu Bachao Tarla, or struggle to save the Indus. Tarla is a broad coalition of non-government
organisations that believes in non-violent actions to stop sufferings by river engineering.

The participants said all mega projects of irrigation and drainage were economically unjust, politically oppressive, socially
fragmentary and environmentally disastrous.

The moot condemned the World Bank and the Punjab Irrigation Department for allegedly creating problems for people in
Muzaffargarh, Dera Ghazi Khan and Rajanpur by closing water supply to canals.

The World Bank has funded a Taunsa Barrage Emergency Rehabilitation and Modernisation Project, which has resulted in
closure of canals being taken out from the barrage.

The participants said that hundreds of thousands farmers in the three districts had not been compensated for their damages.

They accused both the bank and the department of misusing resettlement funds.

The Sindhu Bachao organised a cultural night in which scores of artistes, including singers, dancers and poets performed. The
Sindhu Bachao Tarla and the Dadu-based Awaz Development Organisation presented three theatrical performances on the
occasion.

Hundreds of people paid tribute to the Indus River by showering rice and gurr into the river. They prayed for the emancipation
of the river, fish and people from the violence of development inflicted through the unjust laws.
(Dawn-5, 31/12/2006)