Advance Telemedicine Application Using Iot With Android Os

ADVANCE TELEMEDICINE APPLICATION USING IOT WITH ANDROID OS
ABSTRACT
This project aims at constructing a biomedical acquisition system that captures

multiple bio medical signals and transfer the data to a recording and monitoring
unit like server and maintains the medication and doctor’s consultation schedule
using the most fore coming IOT.
The integration of wireless communication into medical application has

immediate benefits. With wireless communication, monitoring of patients can
be done remotely and efficiently. This would enable the intelligent monitoring
of multiple patients concurrently. When a patient has alarming medical
condition, the monitoring user can be informed to take appropriate action. This
technology in hospital is rapidly advancing. The potential is to have a totally
monitored hospital network, where each patient is constantly monitored via
wireless technology. All these measurements are transferred to a server via an
GPRS modem where software displays all the acquired signal parameters. We
create a backup of data store it for future analysis with respect to patients.
Our project is a working model which incorporates sensors to measure

parameters like body temperature, heart beat rate, availability of drip and
transfer it to the computer/android phone so that the patient health condition can
be easily analyzed by doctor’s in any part of the hospital. Thus, it reduces the
doctor’s workload and also gives the accurate results. Further this system uses
wireless technology which enables the viewing of all parameters on the mobile
phone.
Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

contents
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 General introduction 1
1.2Parameters of measurement 2
1.3 Motivation 3
1.4 Objective 4
1.5 Target specification 5
1.6 Organization of project report 6
2.LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Background Theory 7
2.2 Introduction to project tittle 8
3.SYSTEM ANALYSIS
3.1 Existing System 9
3.2 Proposed System 10
3.3 Feasibility study 11
4.REQUIREMNT SPECIFICATION
4.1 Hardware requirements 12
4.2 Software requirements 13
5.SYSTEM DESIGN
5.1 Waterfall Model 14
5.2 System architecture 15
5.3 Data flow diagram 16
5.4 Block diagram 17
5.5 Design model 18
5.6 Design Consideretion 19
5.7 Module 20
6.TESTING
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Unit testing
6.3 Integration testing
6.4 System testing
6.5 acceptance testing

7.RESULT 20
6.1 Project Working 21
6.2 Merits and Demerits 22
6.3 Application or users 23
8.CONCLUSION 24
9.FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 25
10.BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we discuss about the following:
 Introduction
 Parameters of measurements
 Motivation
 Objective
 Target specification
 Organization of project report.
1.1 INTRODUCTION
In the current project Wireless Communication technology has been

implemented in the field of medicinal remedies.
For example, at the criticality pertaining to Patient health wise issues where
monitoring play a vital role. Keeping in the same constraint the project enables
the monitoring of multiple patients concomitantly.
The objective of this project is to monitor patient constantly via wireless

technology. All these measurements/Parameter are communicated through
computer via Bluetooth module whereas the software displays all the acquired
signal parameters in parallel to creation of database backup for future analysis
with respect to the patient.
1.2 PARAMETERS OF MEASUREMENT
In the current project the following parameters are monitored:

• Heart-beat
• Body Temperature
So, two sensors are used to fetch the signal:
1. The LM-35 temperature sensor: Used to measure the temperature
2. Heart beat sensor: Used to measure the heart beat rate
This technique is operated using Bluetooth platform making use of wireless
communication as its mode of communication.

1.3 MOTIVATION
Currently, Radio Frequency module is being used by medical devices. It has

major drawback to connect in high floored buildings. So, to overcome this
limitation, Bluetooth technology is used as it is easier to control the device and
is more secure.
1.4 OBJECTIVE
The project objective is to provide a system that helps monitoring the patient’s
health condition continuously using biomedical signals like heart beat rate and
body temperature. The signals that are acquired by patients are processed and
transferred to recording and monitoring system like computer. The computer
maintains the medication and doctor schedule as well.
1.5 TARGET SPECIFICATION
The output of the system is to provide the following:

• For every minute, update shows with details of patient name, heart beat rate
& body temperature & displays the present condition of patient.
• For every two minutes, update shows with details of patient name, disease,
tablet & food.
• For every five minutes, update shows with details of patient name, disease,
doctor name, next treatment.
• At abnormal conditions Heart Beat Rate and Body Temperature, the system
starts Siren with the condition for failure.

2.4 ORGANIZATION OF PROJECT REPORT
 Project is organized as INTRODUCTION includes brief discussion

to the project, parameters of measurements and motivation to the
project, objectives & Target specification & organization of project.
 Next section discusses about the BACKGROUND THEORY
includes brief detail about title, scope of literature & its objectives.
 Next section METHODOLOGY which includes brief description of
waterfall model, system analysis, feasibility study, purpose of design
& features, block diagram & its description, detail description of
Atmega8L microcontroller LM7805C voltage regulator, Crystal
Oscillator, Bluetooth, Heart beat sensor, LM35 Temperature sensor,
details of code vision AVR cross compiler, AVR studio programmer &
Embedded C different stages involved in testing.
 In the next section focus is on the RESULTS brief introduction,
Analysis of result, working& Flowchart of the project, discussion of
merits & demerits, applications or uses.

CHAPTER – 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

LITERATURE SURVEY
Shareif.F.Babiker, Liena Elrayah Abdel – Khamir, Samah.M.lbasheer have

discussed about the fingertip sensors user in heart rate monitoring built on a 9V
battery source. Amplification & Filter stage, this paper supports my project
majorly in the selection heart beat sensor & it’s working.
D.J.R. Kiran Kumar, Nalini Kotnana has discussed about the health
monitoring system2
, explained with the wireless sensor network for monitoring various parameters,
this paper was implemented using zigbee. This paper supports my project in the
implementation of Bluetooth technology in my project.
B.C.Yadav, Richa Srivastava, Satyendra Singh, Anurodh Kumar & A.K.Yadav

has discussed about the various tempera
ture sensors & its application in various field. It has also estimated Nano
composites of the activation energies of ZnO & ZnO- Cno
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT TITLE
The title “WIRELESS HEARTBEAT & TEMPERATURE MONITORING

USING BLUETOOTH” is about monitoring a medical device that provides the
heart beat count & body temperature of a patient using wireless communication.
Mode of communication is Bluetooth. The monitoring device can be connected
to any Bluetooth enabled laptop / desktop for the retrieval of data.

2.2BACKGROUND THEORY
Currently, there must be a person next to the patient to monitor their condition.
But in this project, there is no need for a person to monitor continuously. An
alarm is generated and a message will be sent to the monitoring person in case
of any abnormal condition is encountered. Also, condition of the patient is sent
every minute.
2.1.1 Manual Method of Measuring Heart Bea`t Rate
Heart rate can be taken at any spot on the body at which an artery is close to the
surface and a pulse can be felt. The most common places to measure heart rate
using the palpation method is at the wrist (radial artery) and the neck (carotid
artery). Other places sometimes used are the elbow (brachial artery) and the
groin (femoral artery). Fingers are used to take a pulse, not thumb, particularly
when recording someone else's pulse, can sometimes feel your own pulse
through your thumb.
Carotid Pulse (neck) - To take heart rate at the neck, place first two fingers on
either side of the neck. Be careful not to press too hard and then count the
number of beats for a minute.
Radial Pulse (wrist) - place index and middle fingers together on the opposite
wrist, about 1/2 inches on the inside of the joint, in line with the index finger.
Once you find a pulse, count the number of beats you feel within a one minute
period.
Can estimate the per minute rate by counting over 10 seconds and multiplying
this figure by 6, or count over 15 seconds and multiply by 4, or over 30 seconds
and doubling the result. There are obvious potential errors by using this
shorthand method. Having a heart rate monitor, will usually give an accurate
reading.
2.1.2 Fingertip Heart beat sensor

In this method of measuring the sensor module is clipped to the patient finger.
The sensor is made up of infrared light emitting diode as a transmitter &
infrared photo detector as Receiver. Infrared light enters through the tissues.
Various changes in the volume of blood in the finger varies the total amount of
light incident on infrared detector.
2.1.3 Glass Thermometer method of Measuring Body Temperature
In olden days glass thermometer is used to measure the human body

temperature. But in that there was lot of disadvantages, because before using
thermometer always cleaning is required. And using glass thermometer requires
grip the end opposite the bulb and shake the thermometer downwards until it
reads 95Â°F or less.
Temperature can be measured on three body locations:
Mouth -- place the thermometer under the tongue and close the mouth.
Breathe through the nose, and use the lips to hold the thermometer tightly in
place. Leave the thermometer in the mouth for 3 minutes or until the device
beeps.
Rectum -- this method is for infants and small children who are not able to
hold a thermometer safely in their mouths. Place petroleum jelly on the bulb of
a rectal thermometer. Place the small child face down on a flat surface or lap.
Spread the buttocks and insert the bulb end of the thermometer about 1/2 to 1
inch into the anal canal. Be careful not to insert the thermometer too far. Prevent
the child from struggling, since this can accidentally push the thermometer in
further. Remove the thermometer after 3 minutes or when the device beeps.
Armpit -- place the thermometer in the armpit, with the arm pressed against
the body for 5 minutes before reading. This is the least accurate method for
using a glass thermometer.

2.1.3 Plastic Strip Thermometer
This thermometer is placed on the forehead of the patient. This are made up of
heat sensitive liquid crystals made on a plastic strip. Different temperature is
indicated with different colours. Temperature changes affect the liquid crystal of
various colours. This plays a major role in temperature measurement. These
thermometers are safer than the glass thermometers.

CHAPTER-3
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
EXISTING SYSTEM
The design is based on Atmega8L, integrated with AVR processor, which is a
member of the AVR family of general-purpose 8-bit microprocessors. The AVR
family offers high performance at very low-power consumption and gate count.
• Human monitoring is not accurate and time consuming.
• Manual monitoring of patients.
• They are not tailored for critical conditions.
• Every time requires someone to monitor the patient.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
 Our project is a working model which incorporates sensors to measure
parameters like body temperature, heart beat rate,drip level sensor and
transfer it to the computer/android phone
 So that the patient’s health condition can be analyzed by doctors in any
part of the hospital.
 This system uses Wireless technology which enables the viewing of all
parameters on the mobile phone.

FEASIBILITY STUDY
3.3.1 TECHNICAL
When there is a whole range of desirable new high end features to the scene, the
new features interact in cleverer way of using RISC.
3.3.2 ECONOMICAL
The components like Atmega8L, Max232 level converter, UART costs low.
From economical point of view the cost of purchasing software is low.
Ultimately, the implementation of this project will reduce the expenditure of
power supply board.
3.3.3 OPERATIONAL
The module provides very user friendly interface and does not need extra
training for usage


CHAPTER – 3
SYSTEM DESIGN

SYSTEM DESIGN
In this chapter, we discuss about the following:

 Waterfall model
 System analysis
 System architecture
 Design Consideration
 Data Flow Diagram
 Block diagram
 Block Diagram of proposed system
 Features
3.1 WATERFALL MODULE
The Software Development Life Cycle process is the set of activities and
associated results, which produce a software product. The “Waterfall” model
has been followed for the development of this project. This model is best, only
when all the requirements are known. This model is easy to understand by
system developers as well as users and this model is more visible, as it produces
deliverables at the end of each phase. Visibility is one of the processes
characteristics that are looked while selecting a Software Life Cycle model for a
project.

Figure 3.1: Waterfall model
The Waterfall model has four phases. They are as given below:
1) ANALYSIS
The system’s services, constraints and goals are established by consulting
system users.
2) DESIGN
The system’s design process, divides the requirements to either hardware or
software systems. It establishes overall system architecture. Software design
involves representing the system software functions in a form that may be
transformed into one or more executable programs.
3) IMPLEMENTATION
During this stage, the software design is implemented as a set of programs or
program units.
4) TESTING

The individual program units or programs are tested. Then they are integrated
and tested as a complete system to ensure that the software requirements have
been met. After testing, the software system is delivered to the customer.
ADVANTAGES:
 The development process is more visible, i.e. deliverables are produced after
each phase. This will help knowing the status of the project at any time.
 This is best suitable for projects in which all the requirements are known in
advance and projects changes are not required.
DISADVANTAGES:
 It is not possible to go to previous phase to accommodate any changes in it.
3.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATION
In this topic it is discusses about the purpose of design, design features, block
diagram of system & its description.

3.4.1 PURPOSE OF DESIGN:
The available systems designed for remote accessing about industrial security
wirelessly from far away distance using BLUETOOTH technology.
3.4.2 DESIGN FEATURES:
• The system makes use of BLUETOOTH technology for the transmission of

code pattern to control the devices.
• The system is microcontroller based.
• The system should be accessible even from long distances.
• System uses Heart Beat sensor and temperature sensor.
3.4.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM
To practically implement the above features, the arrangement of various devices

in our system is as shown in the figure 4.1:

Figure 4.1: Block Diagram of Proposed System
Figure 4.2: Block Diagram of Monitoring System

Figure 4.3: Circuit diagram of proposed system

Architecture Design

SCREENSHOTS:

Screen Shots of Real term Serial Capture
DESIGN FEATURES:
• The system makes use of BLUETOOTH technology for the transmission of

code pattern to control the devices.
• The system is microcontroller based.
• The system should be accessible even from long distances.
System uses Heart Beat sensor and temperature sensor

3.4.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
The block diagram 1 includes Microcontroller, Bluetooth Module, Temperature

Sensor, Heart Beat Sensor, Control Button and Siren. This is the patient’s
system.
Temperature Sensor and Heart Beat Sensor are attached to patient’s body to
sense the body temperature and heart pulse rate respectively. The inputs from
these sensors are provided to Microcontroller where they will be processed.
Microcontroller communicates two types of messages with the monitoring
system via Bluetooth Communication.
Two types of messages are:
a) Regular update: About patient’s disease, prescription, sensor values and
Doctor in charge.
b) Abnormal update: Abnormal sensor values with the alert messages.
The block diagram 4.2 includes a Bluetooth enabled device (Computer or

Mobile tablets). This is the monitoring system. The outputs from the patient’s
system are received on HyperTerminal port of Monitoring system. Here the
received data can be saved.
This project is a working model which incorporates sensors to measure

parameters like body temperature, heart beat rate and transfer it to the computer
so that the patient’s health condition can be analysed by doctors in any part of
the hospital. Thus, it reduces the doctor’s workload and also gives accurate
results. Further this system uses Wireless technology which enables the viewing
of all parameters on the computer. A micro-controller board is used for
analysing the inputs from the patient and any abnormality felt by the patient
causes the monitoring system to give an alarm. Also all the process parameters
within an interval selectable by the user are recorded. This is very useful for
future analysis and review of patient’s health condition. For more versatile
medical applications, this project can be improvised, by incorporating blood
pressure monitoring systems, dental sensors. There by making it useful in
hospitals as a very efficient and dedicated patient care system.This module also
includes a dedicated timer to alert the doctor through the message and siren

indicating the patient needs to be served at that time and also on a periodic
basis. This module will also guide the nurse for the medication schedule for
maintaining the proper medicines at proper time by giving alert through
message on the server.

MODULES:

CHAPTER 4
REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
In this topic it is discuss about the detail description of hardware used,

ATMEGA8L microcontrollers, LM7805C voltage regulator, Crystal Oscillator,
Bluetooth, Heart beat sensor, LM35 Temperature sensor.
3.5.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
• Atmega8L Microcontroller
• LM7805C Voltage Regulator
• Crystal Oscillator
• Bluetooth
• Heart Beat Sensor
• LM35 Temperature Sensor
• Siren
• Bluetooth Enabled Laptop / Desktop
• Abnormal L.E.D Indicator
3.5.2 Atmega8L MICROCONTROLLER
The microcontroller is at the core of every embedded module. Hence, great care
must be taken in choosing the right microcontroller without compromising on
functionality. Keeping in view many factors that governed the correct
implementation of project the Atmega8L microcontroller from Atmel
Corporation’s AVR microcontroller family was chosen. Few crucial reasons
may be cited so as to justify my choice of this microcontroller. The first being,
that all AVR microcontrollers are designed to deliver more performance at lesser
power consumption. It is compatible with popular protocols like I2C and SPI. It
also has advanced features like an on chip analog to digital converter, six pulse
width modulation channels, and data retention is supported up to a hundred

years at 25º C. Also compilers for the Atmega8L are available free of cost from
the manufacturer. An added advantage is that the AVR series can be
programmed using the AVRGCC (GNU C compiler), thus making it an
undisputed choice for even GNU/Linux based programmers. The Atmega8L
microcontroller has execution speeds of up to one MIPS per MHz of clock
frequency. Elucidating the specifications of the CPU of the AVR, it is an 8 bit
microcontroller with advanced RISC architecture. The CPU is designed for the
stellar combination of parallelism and performance. Thus the CPU uses the
Harvard architecture (separate memories and buses for program and data). The
CPU also accommodates a 32 general purpose 8-bit registers.
The Atmega8L is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR

enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single
clock cycle, the Atmega8L achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz
allowing the system designed to optimize power consumption versus processing
speed. The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose
working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic
Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one
single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more
code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than
conventional CISC microcontrollers. The architectural block diagram is as
shown in fig 5.1

Figure 5.1: Architectural Block Diagram of Atmega8L

3.5.2.1 AVR CPU Core
This section discusses the AVR core architecture in general. The main function
of the CPU core is to ensure correct program execution. The CPU must
therefore be able to access memories, performance calculations, control
peripherals, and handle interrupts.
In order to maximize performance and parallelism, the AVR uses Harvard

architecture with separate memories and buses for program and data.
Instructions in the program memory are executed with a single level pipelining.
While one instruction is being executed, the next instruction is pre-fetched from
the program memory. This concept enables instructions to be executed in every
clock cycle. The program memory is In- System Reprogrammable Flash
memory.
The fast-access Register File contains 32 x 8-bit general purpose working

registers with a single clock cycle access time. This allows single-cycle
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) operation. In a typical ALU operation, two
operands are output from the Register File, the operation is executed, and the
result is stored back in the Register File – in one clock cycle. Six of the 32
registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address register pointers for Data
Space.
3.5.2.2 ADDRESSING
This enables efficient address calculations. One of the address pointers can also
be used as an address pointer for look up tables in Flash program memory.
These added function registers are the 16-bit X-, Y-, and Z-register, described
later in this section.
The ALU supports arithmetic and logic operations between registers or between
a constant and a register. Single register operations can also be executed in the
ALU. After an arithmetic operation, the Status Register is updated to reflect
information about the result of the operation.

Program flow is provided by conditional and unconditional jump and call

instructions, able to directly address the whole address space. Most AVR
instructions have a single 16-bit word format. Every program memory address
contains a 16- or 32-bit instruction. The block Diagram of AVR Architecture is
as shown in the fig-5.2.
Figure 5.2: Block Diagram of the AVR Central Processing Unit

3.5.2.3 PIN-CONFIGURATION & DESCRIPTION
PIN DESCRIPTION:
• VCC – Digital supply voltage
• GND – Ground
• Port B (PB7:0) XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2 - Port B is an 8 bit bi-

directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors. Alternate functions of the
pins of Port B are functions related to SPI and the Pin Change Interrupt or
PCINT.
• Port C (PC6:0) - Port C is a 7-bit bi directional I/O port, with the PC6 pin
being used as a reset pin if the reset disable fuse (RSTDISBL) is not
programmed. If PC6 is used as a reset pin, then a low level lasting for more
than 2.5 µs at that pin will generate the required reset condition. The
alternate function for the pins of this port is that they act as ADC input
channels used here with the thermistor to aid in temperature measurements.

Figure 5.3: Atmega8L Pin Description
• Port D (PD7:0) - Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port and even its pins,
like those of port B and C have alternate functions. The pins of port D can
also serve as transmitter and receiver pins for the internal USART of the
microcontroller, they can also add up as comparator inputs to the internal
comparator circuit of the microcontroller.
• AVCC-It is the supply voltage for the ADC, PC3 to PC0 and ADC 7:6. It is
externally connected to VCC and if the ADC is used it is connected to the
VCC supply voltage through a low pass filter.
• AREF-It is the analog reference pin for the ADC.

3.5.2.4 FEATURES
High-performance, Low-power AVR® 8-bit Microcontroller
 Advanced RISC Architecture

• 130 Powerful Instructions – Most Single-clock Cycle Execution
• 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
• Fully Static Operation
• Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz
• On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
 Non-volatile Program and Data Memories

• 8K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash
• Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
• Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
• In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
• True Read-While-Write Operation
• 512 Bytes EEPROM
• Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles
• 1K Byte Internal SRAM
• Programming Lock for Software Security
 Peripheral Features
• Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler, one Compare Mode
• One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and
Capture Mode
• Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
• Three PWM Channels
• 8-channel ADC in TQFP and MLF package
• Eight Channels 10-bit Accuracy
• 6-channel ADC in PDIP package
• Eight Channels 10-bit Accuracy
• Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface
• Programmable Serial USART
• Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
• Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
• On-chip Analog Comparator
 Special Microcontroller Features

• Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection

• Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator
• External and Internal Interrupt Sources
• Five Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-
down, and Standby
 I/O and Packages

• 23 Programmable I/O Lines
• 28-lead PDIP, 32-lead TQFP, and 32-pad MLF
 Operating Voltages
• 2.7 - 5.5V (ATmega8L)
• 4.5 - 5.5V (ATmega8)
 Speed Grades
• 0 - 8 MHz (ATmega8L)
• 0 - 16 MHz (ATmega8)
 Power Consumption at 4 Mhz, 3V, 25°C

• Active: 3.6 mA
• Idle Mode: 1.0 mA
• Power-down Mode: 0.5 μA
3.5.2.5 POWER MODES
The Idle mode stops the CPU while the SRAM, Timer/Counters, USART, 2-
wire Serial Interface, SPI port, and interrupt system continue to function. In the
Power-down mode, the register contents are saved but the oscillator is frozen
until an interrupt is raised or the hardware is reset. In the Power-save mode, the
asynchronous timer is running while the remaining peripheral components of
the device are sleeping. For reduction of noise with respect to the ADC, the
CPU and all other I/O devices are halted and only the asynchronous timer along

with the ADC is running. In Standby mode only the crystal oscillator is
running. The standby mode can be useful for quick start-ups.
Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the oscillator,
disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. In
Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowing the user to
maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADC Noise
Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except
Asynchronous timer and ADC to minimize switching noise during ADC

conversions. In Standby mode, the crystal/resonator Oscillator is running while
the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up combined with
low power consumption. Moving ahead, now a brief discussion of the external
interrupts has to be done.
3.5.2.6 PORTS
The ports of the AVR have read-modify-write functionality when used as

general digital I/O ports, as stated in the datasheet of the device. The ports are
bi-directional I/O ports with optional internal pull-ups. Each port pin mainly has
three register bits which are DDxn, PORTxn and PINxn. DDxn is the data
direction bit and indicates input or output at a particular pin of any port.
If DDxn is set to one, the pin is used as output pin, else it is an input pin. If
PORTxn is written to a logic one, and if DDxn is set to zero that particular pin’s
internal pull up resistor is activated. The DDxn is accessed at the DDRx
register, the PORTxn is in the PORTx register and the PINxn is at the PINx
register. Writing a logic one to PINxn will toggle PORTxn. The alternate
functions of the port pins and the port registers are explained at the end as part
of the datasheets. The pin value can be read at any time through the PINxn
register bit, irrespective of the DDxn pin setting.

3.5.2.7 ANALOG TO DIGITALCONVERTER
The Atmega8L is equipped with a successive approximation analog to digital

converter with a resolution of 10 bits. All the input channels of the ADC are
connected to a multiplexer.
The ADC channel is selected by selecting the corresponding bits as defined in

the ADMUX register of the microcontroller. The ADC output which is 10 bits
long is stored in the ADCH and ADCL registers of the microcontroller. For
eight bit precision, reading ADCH is sufficient.
3.5.2.8 USART
A universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (usually abbreviated UART and

pronounced is a type of "asynchronous receiver/transmitter", a piece of
computer hardware that translates data between parallel and serial forms. A
UART is usually an individual (or part of an) integrated circuit used for serial
communications over a computer or peripheral device serial port. UARTs are
now commonly included in microcontrollers. A dual UART or DUART
combines two UARTs into a single chip. Many modern ICs now come with a
UART that can also communicate synchronously; these devices are called
USARTs.
Serial transmission of digital information (bits) through a single wire or other

medium is much more cost effective than parallel transmission through multiple
wires. A UART is used to convert the transmitted information between its
sequential and parallel form at each end of the link. Each UART contains a shift
register which is the fundamental method of conversion between serial and
parallel forms.
The UART usually does not directly generate or receive the external signals
used between different items of equipment. Typically, separate interface devices

are used to convert the logic level signals of the UART to and from the external
signalling levels. Communication may be "full duplex or "half duplex" .
FEATURES OF USART
• Asynchronous or Synchronous Operation

• Full Duplex Operation (Independent Serial Receive and Transmit
Registers)
• Master or Slave Clocked Synchronous Operation
• Supports Serial Frames with 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 Data Bits and 1 or 2 Stop Bits
• Odd or Even Parity Generation and Parity Check Supported by Hardware
• Data Over flooded Detection
• Framing Error Detection
• Noise Filtering Includes False Start Bit Detection and Digital Low Pass
Filter
• Three Separate Interrupts on TX Complete, TX Data Register Empty and
RX Complete
• Multi-processor Communication Mode
• Double Speed Asynchronous Communication Mode
3.5.3 POWER SUPPLY
Power supply is used to energies the equipments such as microcontroller, relay,

level converter, GSM module. The power supply is used to energies the whole
module. The power supply can be in the form of wired or battery. In this project
12V battery is used as a power supply
3.5.4 LM7805C VOLTAGE REGULATOR
A voltage regulator based on an active device (such as a bipolar junction

transistor, field effect transistor or vacuum tube) operating in its "linear region"
and passive devices like zener diodes operated in their breakdown region. 3pin
circuit wherein which the Middle port is for ground and other two end port are
for voltage (I/O) specification.

Figure 5.4: Voltage Regulators
Figure 5.5: circuit diagram of Voltage Regulator

As shown in above fig 5.5, input voltage of +8V to 15V to circuit on input
terminal then it result to the regulated output voltage of 5V.

3.5.4.1 FEATURES of LM7805C
• 5V, 3V, and 3.3V versions available

• High accuracy output voltage
• Guaranteed 100mA output current
• Extremely low quiescent current
• Low dropout voltage
• Extremely tight load and line regulation
• Very low temperature coefficient
• Use as Regulator or Reference
• Needs minimum capacitance for stability
• Current and Thermal Limiting
• Stable with low-ESR output capacitors (10mΩ to 6Ω)
3.5.5 CRYSTALOSCILLATOR - 4MHz
A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of

a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a
very precise frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time,
to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize
frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers.
The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so
oscillator circuits designed around them were called "crystal oscillators”. A
crystal is a solid in which the constituent Atoms, molecules, or ions are packed
in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial
dimensions.
When a crystal of quartz is properly cut and mounted, it can be made to distort
in an electric field by applying a voltage to an electrode near or on the crystal.
This property is known as piezoelectricity. When the field is removed, the
quartz will generate an electric field as it returns to its previous shape, and this
can generate a voltage. The result is that a quartz crystal behaves like a circuit
composed of an inductor, capacitor and resistor, with a precise resonant
frequency.
Quartz timing crystals are manufactured for frequencies from a few tens of
kilohertz to tens of megahertz. Most are small devices for consumer devices

such as wristwatches, clocks, radios, computers, and cell phones. Quartz

crystals are also found inside test and measurement equipment, such as
counters, signal generators, and oscilloscopes.
Figure 5.6: Crystal Oscillator
3.5.6 TEMPERATURE SENSOR (LM-35)
Figure 5.8: LM-35 Temperature sensors

The LM35 series are precision integrated circuit temperature sensors, whose
output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (centigrade) temperature.
The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in
degree Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage
from its output to obtain convenient centigrade scaling.

The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide
typical accuracies of ± 1/4ºC at room temperature and ± 3/4 ºC over a full -55 to
+ 150 ºC temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming & calibration at
the water level.
The LM35 is low output impedance; linear output & precise inherent calibration
make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used
with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies.
As it draws only 60 µA from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than
0.1 ºC in still air, The LM35 is rated to operate over a -55 ºC to +150 ºC
temperature range, while the LM35 is rated for a -40 ºC to +110 ºC range (-10º
with improved accuracy), The LM35 series is available packaged is hermetic to
-46 transistor packages.
3.5.7.1 FEATURES
• Calibrated directly in º Celsius (Centigrade)

• Linear +10.0 mV/ºC Scale factor
• 0.5 ºC accuracy guaranteed (at +25ºC)
• Rated for full -55 ºC to +150 ºC range
• Suitable for remote applications
• Low cost due to wafer level trimming
• Operates from 4 to 30 Volts
• Less than 60 µA current drain
• Low self-heating, 0.08ºC in still air
• Non linearity only ±1/4 ºC typically
• Low impedance output, 0.1mA to 1mA load.

3.5.7 HEARTBEAT SENSOR
The Heart Beat Sensor provides a simple way to study the heart's function. This
sensor monitors the flow of blood through Finger. As the heart forces blood
through the blood vessels in the Finger, the amount of blood in the Finger
changes with time. The sensor shines a light lobe (small High Bright LED)
through the ear and measures the light that is transmitted to LDR. The signal is
amplified, inverted and filtered.
Figure 5.9: Heart Beat Sensor

(Photo Courtesy: IISc Bengaluru)
3.5 SOFTWARE – REQUIREMENTS
In this topic it is discuss about the Code Vision AVR cross compiler, AVR
Studio Programmer & Embedded C

3.6.1 Code Vision AVR Cross Compiler
• Code Vision AVR is a C cross-compiler, Integrated Development

Environment and Automatic Program Generator designed for the Atmel AVR
family of microcontrollers.
• The C cross-compiler implements nearly all the elements of the ANSI C
language, as allowed by the AVR architecture.
The Integrated Development Environment (IDE) has built-in AVR Chip In-
System Programmer software that enables to automatically transfer of the
program to the microcontroller chip after successful compilation/assembly.
The In-System Programmer software is designed to work in conjunction with

the Atmel ATCPU/Mega2000 programmers/development boards.
For debugging embedded systems, which employ serial communication, the

IDE has a built-in Terminal.
Besides the standard C libraries, the Code Vision AVR C compiler has dedicated
libraries for:
• Alphanumeric LCD modules.
• Philips I2C bus.
• National Semiconductor LM75 Temperature Sensor.
• Philips PCF8563, PCF8583, Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor DS1302 and
DS1307 Real Time Clocks.
• Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor 1 Wire protocol.
• Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor DS1820, DS18S20, DS18B20 Temperature
Sensors.
• Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor DS2430 and DS2433 EEPROMs.
• SPI.
• Power management.
• Delays.
• Gray code conversion.
CodeVisionAVR also contains the CodeWizard AVR Automatic Program
Generator that allows me to write, in a matter of minutes, all the code needed
for implementing the following functions:
• External memory access setup.
• Chip reset source identification.
• Input/output Port initialization.
• External Interrupts initialization.

• Timers/Counters initialization.
• Watchdog Timer initialization.
• UART (USART) initialization and interrupt driven buffered serial
communication.
• ADC initialization
• SPI Interface initialization
• Two Wire Interface initialization
• I2C Bus, LM75 Temperature Sensor, DS1307 Real Time Clocks
initialization
3.6.2 AVR Studio Programmer
AVR Studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for writing and

debugging AVR applications in Windows 9x/ME/NT/2000/XP/VISTA
environments. AVR Studio provides a project management tool, source file
editor, simulator, assembler and front-end for C/C++, programming, emulation
and on-chip debugging.
AVR Studio supports the complete range of ATMEL AVR tools and each release
will always contain the latest updates for both the tools and support of new AVR
devices. AVR Studio 4 has a modular architecture which allows even more
interaction with 3rd party software vendors. GUI plug-ins and other modules
can be written and hooked to the system.
3.6.3 Embedded C
Embedded C is extensive and contains many advanced concepts. The range of

modules covers a full introduction to C, real-time and embedded systems
concepts through to the design and implementation of real time embedded or
standalone systems based on real-time operating systems and their device
drivers. Real time Linux (RTLinux) is used as an example of such a system. The
modules include an introduction to the development of Linux device drivers.
Embedded C covers all of the important features of the C language as well as a
good grounding in the principles and practices of real-time systems
development including the POSIX threads (pthreads) specification. Embedded

C contains essential information for anyone developing embedded systems such

as microcontrollers, real-time control systems, mobile device, PDAs and similar
applications

RECIEVER SECTION
5.3 ANDROID
Android is basically an operating system for smart phones.
But we find now integrated into PDAs, touch pads (tablets), televisions,
even cars infotainment system. The OS was created by the start-up of the
same name, which is owned by Google since 2005.
Second point is that all the required tools to develop Android applications
are freely available and can be downloaded from the Web. Following is
the list of software's you will need before you start your Android
application programming.
 Java JDK5 or greater
 Android SDK
 Eclipse IDE for Java Developers (optional)
 Android Development Tools (ADT) Eclipse Plugin (optional)
5.4 ANDROID OS ARCHITECTURE

This operating system is based on version 2.6 of Linux, so it has a

monolithic system kernel, what means that all system functions and
drivers are grouped into one block of code
 Linux Kernel 2.6

Note that Android based on a Linux kernel not a Linux OS. This kernel
supplies Security, Memory management, Process management, Network
stack and Driver model for all hardware like display, WiFi, Bluetooth etc.
And this is acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest
of the software stack.
 Library
The library written in C and C + + that provide higher level functionality
such as an HTML engine, or a database (SQLite) and this run in system
background.

There are 4 types of Libraries

o Bionic Libc, system C libraries
o Function Libraries, supporting multimedia, web browser, SQLite...
o Native Servers
o Hardware Abstraction Libraries
 Andoid Runtime
 The core of Android platform
 Dalvik Virtual Machine
 Register-based
 Executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format
 Java core Libraries
 Provides most of the functionality of the Java programming
language.
A runtime environment for applications based on a virtual machine, made

for inefficient machines such as telephones. The aim is to translate JAVA
in machine language understood by Android.
 Core Libraries
 System C library, the standard C system library, tuned for embedded

Linux-based devices
 Media Libraries, support playback and recording of many popular audio
and video formats, as well as image files, including MPEG4, H.264,
MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, and PNG
 Surface Manager, manages access to the display subsystem and
seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic layers from multiple
applications
 WebKit, a modern web browser engine which powers both the Android
browser and an embeddable web view
 SGL, the underlying 2D graphics engine
 3D libraries, an implementation based on OpenGL ES 1.0 APIs
 FreeType , bitmap and vector font rendering
 SQLite , a powerful and lightweight relational database engine
 Application Framework

 Simplify the reuse of components

o Applications can publish their capabilities and any other
application may then make use of those capabilities
 Applications is a set of services and systems, include
o Views system, content providers, resources manager and so on
 Activity Manager, manages the lifecycle of applications and provides a
common navigation backstack
 Notification Manager, enables all applications to display custom alerts
in the status bar
 Resource Manager, providing access to non-code resources such as
localized strings, graphics, and layout files
 Content Providers, access data from other applications (such as
Contacts), or to share their own data
 Views, used to build an application, including lists, grids, text boxes,
buttons, and even an embeddable web browser
 Applications
 A set of core applications shipped with Android platform
o an email client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser,
contacts, and others
 All written in Java
 Our applications are in the same level as these applications
Characteristic of the market:
Competitors
iPhone OS : The principal competitor is iPhone OS. It is mainly for
competing with Apple that Android has been created.
Palm OS devices on PDA.
Blackberry: which team the same name smartphones
Windows Mobile: which team smartphones and PDAs.
Sybian: Previous Market Leader

Key partners
To help launch Android, Google has created an alliance of thirty
companies in order to develop
standards for mobile devices. There is, among others:
 Operators such as NTT DoKomo, T-Mobile or Bouygues Telecom
 Of-equipment manufacturers like Sony Ericsson or Samsung
 Manufacturers of semiconductors, including Intel and Nvidia
 Corporate businesses.
Market share
The android market share continues to increase since its inception, and is
likely to continue
climbing because it is favored by big players like HTC , Sony Ericsson,
Samsung, LG, Motorola, Dell, Acer . Moreover, according to IDC, android
will be the 2nd mobile operating system used of the market in 2013. You
have to know that the first mobile phone appeared in android date October
2008.
Why Android is better?
Applications
 Google applications
Android includes most of the time many Google applications like Gmail,
YouTube or Maps.
These applications are delivered with the machine most of the time, except
in certain cases, such as some phones running android on which the provider
has replaced Google applications by its own applications.

 widgets With android, it is possible to use widgets which are small tools that
can most often get information. These widgets are directly visible on the
main window.
 Android Market
This is an online software store to buy applications. Developers who created
applications
can add them into the store, and these applications can be downloaded by
users, they can be both free and paid.
Multitasking
Android allows multitasking in the sense that multiple applications can run
simultaneously.With Task Manager it is possible view all running tasks
and to switch from one to another easily.
SDK
A development kit has been put at disposal of everybody.
Accordingly, any developer can create their own applications, or change
the android platform.
This kit contains a set of libraries, powerful tools for debugging and
development, a phone emulator, thorough documentation, FAQs and
tutorials.

Modifiability
This allows everyone to use, improve or transform the functions of
Android for example transform the interface in function of uses , to
transform the platform in a real system embedded Linux.
Current Version
Today android is in its 8.1 version, Android 8.1. Each version is designed
to gradually correct the lack of APIs, to enhance the user interface and add
functionality. The latest version adds such things as support in HTML5 in
the browser, it allows multitouch or it brings new Contact API, which
defines a database for contact management.

ANDROID FEATURES
World is contracting with the growth of mobile phone technology. As the

number of users is
Figure 1.4 ANDROID OS FEATURES

Increasing day by day, facilities are also increasing. Starting with simple
regular handsets which were used just for making phone calls, mobiles
have changed our lives and have become part of it. Now they are not used
just for making calls but they have innumerable uses and can be used as a
Camera , Music player, Tablet PC, T.V. , Web browser etc . And with the
new technologies, new software and operating systems are required.
Today Android is very popular among the user. Today the mobiles are not
only thought to be used in the just for communication but is a mini
computer which has the computing and manipulating capacity as that of
computers. The wide use and popularity of the android is due to the
various features available in it.
Application Framework
It is used to write application for Android .Unlike other embedded mobile
environment ,Android application are all equal, for instance ,an
application which come with the phone are no different then those that any
developer writes. The framework is supported by numerous open source
libraries such as openssl,SQLite and libc. It is also supported by the
android core libraries. From the point of security, the framework is based
on UNIX file system permission that assure application have only those
abilities that mobile phone owner gave taem at install time.

Dalvik Virtual Machine

It is extremely low memory based virtual machine,which was designed
especially for Android to run on embedded systems and work well in low
power situations. It is also tuned to CPU attributes .The Dalvik VM
creates a special file format (.DEX ) that is created through build time post
processing.Conversion between Java classes and .DEX is done by
included “dx” tool.
Integrated Browser
Google made a choice on WebKit as open source web browser. They
added a two pass layout and frame flattening . Two pass layout loads a
page without waiting for blocking elements such as external CSS or
Javascript.
Optimized Graphics
An Android has 2D graphics library and 3D graphics based on OpenGL
ES 1.0.
SQLite
SQLite is ACID-compliant and implements most of the SQL standard,
using a dynamically and weakly typed SQL syntax that does not guarantee
the domain integrity.

SQLite is a popular choice as embedded database for local/client storage
in application software such as web browsers. It is arguably the most
widely deployed database engine, as it is used today by several
widespread browsers, operating systems, and embedded systems, among
others.SQLite has many bindings to programming languages.
Java Virtual Machine

virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that can execute Java
bytecode. It is the code execution component of the Java software
platform. Sun Microsystems has stated that there are over 5.5 billion
JVM-enabled devices.
A Java virtual machine is a program which executes certain other
programs, namely those containing Java bytecode instructions. JVMs are
most often implemented to run on an existing operating system, but can
also be implemented to run directly on hardware
Development Environment
Includes a device emulator , tools for debugging ,memory and
performance profiling, a plugin for the eclipse IDE. There are a number of
hardware dependent features, for instance , a huge media and

connections support, GPS, GSM telephony. A great work was done for the
developers to start work with Android using device emulator ,tools for
debugging and plugins for eclipse.
Android software development
 IDE – Eclipse
 Eclipse plug-in - ADT
 Software Development Kit (SDK)
 Android Emulator
 Debugger
IDE - Eclipse
All the examples in this tutorial have been written using Eclipse IDE. So
we would suggest you should have latest version of Eclipse installed on
your machine.
To install Eclipse IDE, download the latest Eclipse binaries from
http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/. Once you have downloaded the
installation, unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location. For
example in C:\eclipse on windows, or /usr/local/eclipse on Linux and
finally set PATH variable appropriately.
Eclipse can be started by executing the following commands on windows
machine, or you can simply double click on eclipse.exe

3.6 TESTING

TESTING
In this topic it is discuss about brief introduction to testing & different stages
involved in testing, Flowchart of the project.
3.9.1 INTRODUCTION
Figure 7.1: Testing Process
The most important phase in developing any software is testing. Before the
implementation of the package, testing has been carried out thoroughly to
eliminate any bug, which may be present.
The software testing of the package has been done in four phases.
• Unit Testing.

• Integration Testing.
• System Testing.
• Acceptance Testing.
3.9.1.1 UNIT TESTING
In Unit Testing every model was tested independently. Unit testing focuses on
verification efforts on the smallest unit of the software design in the model to
check, whether each model in the software works properly. So that it gives the
desired outputs for the given inputs. All the validation and conditions are tested
in the model level.
This project work contains two modules. Each of the modules and sub-modules
are unit tested and the bugs were identified and rectified.
3.9.1.2 INTEGRATION TESTING
Integration testing is done to verify if the package as a whole, after the

integration of all the modules is working properly. This phase of testing is
mainly concerned with finding out if the variables and data are sending
correctly from one module to another.
In order to conduct the said test, the active program is compiled. This package
has been tested for various inputs. It was found that the package performs its
function to meet the requirements.
3.9.1.3 SYSTEM TESTING
System testing involves putting all the modules together and checking the entire
software. It is useful in checking whether with the given input, the desired
output is got as a result. System testing will be largely functional in nature.

3.9.1.4 ACCEPTANCE TESTING
This is the final stage in the testing process. Before the system is accepted for
the operational use it may reveal errors and omissions in the system
requirements definitions because the real data exercises the system in different
way from the test data. Acceptance testing may also reveal requirements
problem where the systems performance is unacceptable.
Testing here is focused on the external behaviour of the system and the internal
logic of the program is not emphasized. In this stage of testing the application
was installed in the system.

CHAPTER – 6
RESULT

ANALYSIS RESULT
In this chapter explain about Analysis of Result, discussion of merits &

demerits, applications or uses.

Figure 8.1: Hardware of the Project Implemented
4.1 Working
The Atmega8L microcontroller with inbuilt Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)

is used. Heart Beat sensor & Temperature sensor are connected to the patient to

fetch the signal & sent to ADC which is used to convert the signal into digitized.
The Voltage Regulator is used to convert the 12V power supply to 5V because
microcontroller needs a power supply of 5V only. Bluetooth module acts as a
interface between both ends. The desired Result is displayed at the Real term
serial capture, where it checks all the condition programmed. Based on the
condition satisfied, the output is resulted. If it fails to be in the normal
condition, then the siren & abnormal LED starts with a output result shown at
the laptop stating high or low heart beat or body temperature. As shown in the
screen shot of the real term serial capture it is monitored for every one minute
with the detail of patient name, heart beat & Body temperature, in the second
minute with the detail of patient name, disease, tablet &food, in the fifth minute
with the details showing patient name, Disease, Doctor Name & next prescribed
treatment to the patient is defined in this project.
4.2 Merits & Demerits
Merits
• Much easier to control the devices.
• Both risk and liability is reduced.
• It is flexible enough to be used from any location, 24 hrs/Day and 7 days
a week.
Demerits
• As BLUETOOTH is a limit range around 100 feet, it cannot be controlled
above this range
• Since we are using wireless technology for communication, the efficient
operation of our project depends on the area of module mounted.
4.3 Applications or Uses
• Centralised hospital system

• Electronic medical record for effective patient monitoring data base.

CHAPTER - 7
CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion
As the saying goes “Necessity is the mother of all inventions”, a need for
software which would control the process and devices was recognized.
The design approach used here has given satisfactory results and the
microcontroller is sufficient for measuring the required parameters. The power
consumption has been kept as low as possible and the measurements made by
the device are quite reliable. Accordingly a highly interactive user friendly
module based embedded technology with microcontrollers was developed to
solve the problem. The module which is developed will make the job of process
easier. The user module has resulted in reducing work of human also makes
more comfortable.
The module is, therefore functioning as a very good tool. Incorporating the
future enhancement as specified earlier would make the software a perfect tool,
which would help the user.

CHAPTER 8
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

5.2 Future Enhancement
The following modifications can be made to the present circuit, which lead to
still smarter project:
• Due to the range of communication constraint we can implement GSM
Modem to our module.
• The module can be equipped with a faster and more capable microcontroller
to integrate control of many more devices at the same time.
• Time controlled devices can be implemented for use in commercial spaces.
For example: To control a large display in a showroom between two different
intervals of time, without the intervention of any user or technician.
• Voice alerts can be used to indicate the various controls of devices and their
status of operation.
• If the numbers of relays are increased from the current relays, the number of
devices that can be controlled can also be increased.
• The module can be equipped with other sensing equipment such as light and
heat sensors, accelerometers, strain gauges etc., to monitor other real world
physical quantities.
• Advanced AVR microcontrollers with bigger flash memories can be used to
create an increased number of functions and programs for better
functionality and for a user friendly interface.
• I can include touch sensors or pressure sensors in the system so that security
is provided whenever intruders try to break the briefcase.

CHAPTER 10:
BIBLIOGRAPHY


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ADVANCE TELEMEDICINE APPLICATION USING IOT WITH ANDROID OS

This project aims at constructing a biomedical acquisition system that captures

The integration of wireless communication into medical application has

Our project is a working model which incorporates sensors to measure

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

In the current project Wireless Communication technology has been

The objective of this project is to monitor patient constantly via wireless

1.2 PARAMETERS OF MEASUREMENT

In the current project the following parameters are monitored:

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

Currently, Radio Frequency module is being used by medical devices. It has

1.5 TARGET SPECIFICATION

The output of the system is to provide the following:

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

2.4 ORGANIZATION OF PROJECT REPORT

 Project is organized as INTRODUCTION includes brief discussion

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

Shareif.F.Babiker, Liena Elrayah Abdel – Khamir, Samah.M.lbasheer have

B.C.Yadav, Richa Srivastava, Satyendra Singh, Anurodh Kumar & A.K.Yadav

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT TITLE

The title “WIRELESS HEARTBEAT & TEMPERATURE MONITORING

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

2.1.1 Manual Method of Measuring Heart Bea`t Rate

2.1.2 Fingertip Heart beat sensor

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

2.1.3 Glass Thermometer method of Measuring Body Temperature

In olden days glass thermometer is used to measure the human body

Temperature can be measured on three body locations:

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

2.1.3 Plastic Strip Thermometer

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

The design is based on Atmega8L, integrated with AVR processor, which is a

member of the AVR family of general-purpose 8-bit microprocessors. The AVR

• Human monitoring is not accurate and time consuming.

• Manual monitoring of patients.

• They are not tailored for critical conditions.

• Every time requires someone to monitor the patient.

 Our project is a working model which incorporates sensors to measure

transfer it to the computer/android phone

 So that the patient’s health condition can be analyzed by doctors in any

part of the hospital.

parameters on the mobile phone.

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

training for usage

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

In this chapter, we discuss about the following:

3.1 WATERFALL MODULE

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

Figure 3.1: Waterfall model

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA

3.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATION

Government Science College, Hassan Department of BCA