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    Mandukya Upanishad

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    Kunal Katyayan
    The Mandukya Upanishad describes the four aspects of the self through the syllable AUM. The first three aspects - waking, dreaming, and deep sleep - correspond to the sounds A, U, and M. The fourth aspect, Turiya, represents the silence after AUM and is seen as the true self. It is described as nondual, indescribable, and beyond cognition. One who realizes this fourth state expands to universal consciousness.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Mandukya Upanishad

    Uploaded by

    Kunal Katyayan
    69 views3 pages
    The Mandukya Upanishad describes the four aspects of the self through the syllable AUM. The first three aspects - waking, dreaming, and deep sleep - correspond to the sounds A, U, and M. The fourth aspect, Turiya, represents the silence after AUM and is seen as the true self. It is described as nondual, indescribable, and beyond cognition. One who realizes this fourth state expands to universal consciousness.

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    Description of Om as AUM

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    The Mandukya Upanishad describes the four aspects of the self through the syllable AUM. The first three aspects - waking, dreaming, and deep sleep - correspond to the sounds A, U, and M. The fourth aspect, Turiya, represents the silence after AUM and is seen as the true self. It is described as nondual, indescribable, and beyond cognition. One who realizes this fourth state expands to universal consciousness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    69 views3 pages

    Mandukya Upanishad

    Uploaded by

    Kunal Katyayan
    The Mandukya Upanishad describes the four aspects of the self through the syllable AUM. The first three aspects - waking, dreaming, and deep sleep - correspond to the sounds A, U, and M. The fourth aspect, Turiya, represents the silence after AUM and is seen as the true self. It is described as nondual, indescribable, and beyond cognition. One who realizes this fourth state expands to universal consciousness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Mandukya Upanishad

    Translated by Swami Rama


    Mandukya Upanishad – 12 Verses on AUM

    1: Hari Om. Om-ity-etad-aksharam-idam sarvam, tasyopavyakhyanam bhutam bhavad


    bhavishyaditi sarvam-omkara eva. Yaccanyat trikalatitam tadapy omkara eva

    All is OM: Hari Om. The whole universe is the syllable Om. Following is the exposition
    of Om. Everything that was, is, or will be is, in truth Om. All else which transcends time,
    space, and causation is also Om.

    2: Sarvam hyetad brahmayam-atma brahma soyamatma catushpat

    Atman has Four Aspects: All of this, everywhere, is in truth Brahman, the Absolute Reality.
    This very Self itself, Atman, is also Brahman, the Absolute Reality. This Atman or Self has four
    aspects through which it operates.

    3: Jagarita-sthano bahish-prajnahsaptanga ekonavimsatimukhah sthula-bhug


    vaisvanarah prathamah padah

    First is Waking / Gross: The first aspect of Atman is the Self in the Waking state,
    Vaishvanara. In this first state, consciousness is turned outward to the external world. Through
    its seven instruments* and nineteen channels* it experiences the gross objects of the
    phenomenal world.
    *The seven instruments are the more macrocosmic instruments, while the nineteen channels
    relate more to the microcosmic, individual person.

    Seven Instruments: First, Consciousness manifests outward as elementsspace, air, fire,


    water, and earth, along with the individuation from the whole and the flow of energy (which we
    know as the pulsing impulse towards breath).
    Nineteen Channels: Then, the individual operates through the four functions of mind (aspects
    of antahkarana, the inner instrument), which are manas, chitta, ahamkara, and buddhi. Those
    four operate through the five vayus (prana, apana, samana, udana, and vyana), the five active
    senses or indriyas (karmendriyas of eliminating, procreating, moving, grasping, and speaking),
    and the five cognitive senses (jnanendriyas of smelling, tasting, seeing, touching, and hearing)

    4: Svapna-sthano’ntah-prajnah saptanga ekonavimsatimukhah praviviktabhuk taijaso


    dvitiyah padah

    Second is Dreaming / Subtle: The second aspect of Atman is the Self in the Dreaming state,
    Taijasa. In this second state, consciousness is turned towards the inner world. It also operates
    through seven instruments and nineteen channels, which engage the subtle objects of the
    mental realm.

    5: Yatra supto na kancana kamam kamayate na kancana svapnam pasyati tat


    sushuptam. Sushupta-asthāna ekibhutah prajnanaghana evanandamayo
    hyanandabhuk chetomukhah prajnastrityah padah
    Third is Deep Sleep / Causal: The third aspect of Atman is the Self operating in the Deep
    Sleep state, Prajna. In this third state, there is neither the desire for any gross or subtle object,
    nor any dream sequences. In deep sleep, all such experiences have receded or merged into
    the ground of undifferentiated consciousness. Here, one is filled with the experience of bliss,
    and can also find the way to clearer knowledge of the two preceding states.

    6: Esha sarvesvara esha sarvajna esho’ntaryamy-esha yonih sarvasya prabhavapyayau


    hi bhutanam

    Find the Experiencer: The one who experiences all of these states of consciousness is the
    omniscient, indwelling source and director of all. This one is the womb out of which all of the
    other emerges. All things originate from and dissolve back into this source.

    7: Nantah-prajnam na bahih-prajnam, nobhayatah-prajnam na prajnana-ghanam na


    prajnam naprajnam. Adrishtam-avyavaharayam-agrahyam- alakshanam-
    acintyamavyapadesyam-
    ekatma-pratyayasaram, prapancopasarnam santam sivam-advaitam
    caturtham manyante sa tm sa vijneyah

    The Fourth Aspect is Turiya: The fourth aspect of Atman or Self is Turiya, literally the fourth.
    In this fourth state, consciousness is neither turned outward nor inward. Nor is it both outward
    and inward; it is beyond both cognition and the absence of cognition. This fourth state of Turiya
    cannot be experienced through the senses or known by comparison, deductive reasoning or
    inference; it is indescribable, incomprehensible, and unthinkable with the mind. This is Pure
    Consciousness itself. This is the real Self. It is within the cessation of all phenomena. It is
    serene, tranquil, filled with bliss, and is one without second. This is the real or true Self that is
    to be realized.

    8: So’yam-atma adhyaksharam-omkaro dhimatram pada matra matrasca pada akara


    ukaro makara iti

    Those Four are the Same with “A-U-M” and Silence: That Om, though described as having
    four states, is indivisible; it is pure Consciousness itself. That Consciousness is Om. The three
    sounds A-U-M (ah, ou, mm) and the three letters A, U, M are identical with the three states of
    waking, dreaming, and sleeping, and these three states are identical with the three sounds
    and letters. The fourth state, Turiya is to be realized only in the silence behind or beyond the
    other three.

    9: Jagarita-sthano vaisvanaro’karah prathama matra. apteradimatvad-vapnoti ha vai


    sarvan kamanadisca bhavati ya evam veda

    The Sound “A” is Waking / Gross: Vaishvanara is the consciousness experienced during
    the waking state, and is A, the first letter of Om. That simple sound of A is first and permeates
    all other sounds. One who is aware of this first level of reality has fulfillment of all longings and
    is successful.
    10: Svapna-stahnas taijasa ukaro dvitiya matrotkarshadu-ubhayatvad- votkarsati ha vai
    jnana-santatim samanasca bhavati nasyabrahmavit kule bhavati ya evam veda

    The Sound “U” is Dreaming / Subtle: Taijasa is the consciousness experienced during the
    dreaming state, and is U, the second letter of Om. This intermediate state operates between
    the waking and sleeping states, reflecting some qualities of the other two. One who knows this
    subtler state is superior to others. For one who knows this, knowers of Brahman, the Absolute
    Reality, will be born into his family.

    11: Sushupta-sthnah prajno makras tritiya mtr miterapiter va minoti ha va idam sarvamapitisca
    bhavati ya evam veda

    The Sound “M” is Deep Sleep / Causal: Prajna is the consciousness experienced during
    the state of dreamless, deep sleep, and is M, the third letter of Om. It contains the other two,
    and is that from which the other two emerge, and into they recede or merge. A knower of this
    more subtle state can understand all within himself.

    12: Amatras-caturtho’vyavaharyah prapancopasamah sivo’dvaita evamomkara atmaiva


    samvisaty-atman-atmanam ya evam veda.

    Silence after “A-U-M” is the True Self: The fourth aspect is the soundless aspect of Om. It
    is not utterable and is not comprehended through the senses or by the mind. With the
    cessation of all phenomena, even of bliss, this soundless aspect becomes known. It is a state
    of nondual (advaita) reality—one without a second. This fourth state, Turiya, is the real Self or
    true Self. One with direct experience of this expands to Universal Consciousness.

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