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    Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies

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    Lean Daisyre Sadia
    This chapter reviews literature and studies on sex education. Sex education is defined by various sources as instruction on human sexuality, sexual activity, reproductive health, and developing socially desirable attitudes and behaviors. Studies show high rates of teenage pregnancy in the Philippines, demonstrating the need for effective sex education to empower youth and reduce risky behaviors. Academic performance represents a student's outcomes and accomplishments in educational environments, as measured by factors like accuracy, effort, and ability to transfer skills.

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    Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies

    Uploaded by

    Lean Daisyre Sadia
    2K views4 pages
    This chapter reviews literature and studies on sex education. Sex education is defined by various sources as instruction on human sexuality, sexual activity, reproductive health, and developing socially desirable attitudes and behaviors. Studies show high rates of teenage pregnancy in the Philippines, demonstrating the need for effective sex education to empower youth and reduce risky behaviors. Academic performance represents a student's outcomes and accomplishments in educational environments, as measured by factors like accuracy, effort, and ability to transfer skills.

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    This chapter reviews literature and studies on sex education. Sex education is defined by various sources as instruction on human sexuality, sexual activity, reproductive health, and developing socially desirable attitudes and behaviors. Studies show high rates of teenage pregnancy in the Philippines, demonstrating the need for effective sex education to empower youth and reduce risky behaviors. Academic performance represents a student's outcomes and accomplishments in educational environments, as measured by factors like accuracy, effort, and ability to transfer skills.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views4 pages

    Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies

    Uploaded by

    Lean Daisyre Sadia
    This chapter reviews literature and studies on sex education. Sex education is defined by various sources as instruction on human sexuality, sexual activity, reproductive health, and developing socially desirable attitudes and behaviors. Studies show high rates of teenage pregnancy in the Philippines, demonstrating the need for effective sex education to empower youth and reduce risky behaviors. Academic performance represents a student's outcomes and accomplishments in educational environments, as measured by factors like accuracy, effort, and ability to transfer skills.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways are that sex education aims to help children understand sexuality and incorporate it meaningfully into their lives through comprehensive instruction. It also seeks to promote socially desirable attitudes, practices, and behaviors. Several definitions of sex education are discussed that center around instruction related to human sexuality, relationships, and reproductive health.

    Some definitions of sex education discussed include instruction on physiological, psychological and sociological aspects of sexual response; a comprehensive development program from infancy to maturity aimed at producing desirable sexual attitudes and behaviors; and helping children understand virtually every aspect of sex by maturity through a comprehensive course of action by schools.

    The text discusses five factors that influence academic performance: accuracy, alignment, flexible literacy, student effort, and self-initiated transfer - meaning understanding, sticking to one's abilities, reading/writing skills, giving oneself time to master content, and ability to transfer knowledge to new contexts respectively.

    CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

    The chapter presents a review of related literature and studies on foregoing principle
    and theories of Sex Education. The conceptual literature provides the researcher with the
    substantial background on the rationale of the present study .

    SEX EDUCATION

    Foreign

    Burt (2009) define Sex Education as the instruction of issues relating to human sexuality
    including emotional relations and responsibilities, human sexual activity, sexual reproduction,
    age of consent, reproductive health, safe sex, birth control and sexual abstinence.

    Leepson (2002) sees sex education as instructions in various physiological, psychological


    and sociological aspects of sexual response and reproduction.

    Calder Wood & Sloan ( 1982 ) define sex education as one of the major determinants of
    future stability in families of any nation. And they also said that sex education is a
    comprehensive and systematic development program extending from infancy to maturity. It is
    planned and directed to produce social and moral desirable sexual attitudes, practices and
    behavior. Kearney (2008) also define Sex Education as “ involving a comprehensive course of
    action by the school , calculated to bring about the socially desirable attitudes , practices and
    personal conduct on the part of children and adults, that will best protect the individual as a
    human and the family as a social institution.

    Rubin and Kindendall expressed that sex education is not merely the topics of
    reproduction and teaching how babies are conceived and born. Instead, it has a far richer scope
    and goal of helping children incorporate sex more meaningfully into their present and future
    life and to provide them with some basic understanding of virtually every aspect of sex by the
    time they reach full maturity.

    Local

    In the Philippines , Rosalie Masilang (2018) said that sex education is use to equip and
    empower learners in making informed choices and decisions on issues that affect their personal
    safety and well being The National Youth Commission (NYC) as cited by Cagayan de Oro (2012)
    said that the rate of teenage pregnancy in the Philippines has reached alarming proportions,
    having increased 70% over the past years. United Nations population Funds in 2011 as cited by
    Philippine New Agency (2012) said that “ at 53 births per 1,000 women aged between 15 and
    19, the teenage pregnancy rate in the Philippines is the highest among ASEAN’s six major
    economies . National Statistics Office as cited by de la Cruz (2009) , presented figures in which
    26.7% of women who give birth tom their first child in 2010 are 15-19 yrs old. The National
    Youth Assessment Study, as cited by Sunstar Cagayan de Oro (2012) said that “unplanned
    pregnancy is one of the main reasons why young people do not finish their education “ . In
    addition , it is claimed that the only way to stop this debilitating trend is to reduce risky
    behavior of the youth that is, through sex education.

    ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

    Meibner et al. (2017) stated that academic achievement represents performance


    outcomes that indicate the extent to which a person has accomplished specific goals that were
    the focus of activities in instructional environments, specifically in school , college , and
    university. Thus performance of students on other types of examinations Kyoshaba (2009).
    Sharrock (2018) also said that academic performance describes how well you perform in
    school courses like social studies , history , English\ ELA, science and math , but can also include
    the “ specials” or elective courses in the arts , ,music, health, business and others. Academics
    are courses that are graded and retained for school records. Both proponents have the same
    idea when it comes to academic performance, It is the fruit of the study that made by the
    students.

    In Heick’s A Classroom of proficiency (2018) said that academic performance has 5


    factors : accuracy, alignment, flexible literacy , students effort , and self- initiated transfer.
    Which mean understanding , sticking to the capacity, being able to read and write , giving self a
    time to master academic content and ability to transfer knowledge or skill to new and
    unfamiliar context , respectively .
    BIBLIOGRAPHY

    Amasuomo, J. (2014 , January). Academic Performance of students Admitted with


    Different Entry Certificates to the Nigerian Certificates in Education Program at the Federal
    College Education (Technical) , Omuko. Retrieved from
    http://www.jotse.org/index.php/jotse/article/view/107/122?f

    Heick , T. (2018, March 24). A Classroom of Proficiency. Retrieved from


    https://www.teachthought.com/pedagogy/factors-of-academic-performance/

    Sharrock, D. (2018, August 26). What is Academic Performance? . Retrieved from


    https://www.quora.com/What-is-academic-performance?f

    Steinmayr, R. ( 2014 , July 30). Academic Achievement, Retrieved from


    http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756810/obo-
    9780199756810-

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