1.

ABSTRACT

• Innovative thinking leads to development of new technologies. Today, the world is

facing serious pollution crisis Due to the exhaust gases from vehicles using petroleum-
based fuel. The pollutants like HC, Nox occurs due to the incomplete combustion of fuel.

• These pollutants are very harmful to human being causing various diseases. Also the fuel
recourses are depleting rapidly. This paper includes introduction to Green Engine,
technical features, working and comparison with the Conventional internal combustion.
Engine, also its Pros and Cons with future applications.

• This is six phase I.C. engine in which the priority is given to the proper mixing of fuel with
the air thereby causing its complete combustion. Due to six phases of working, air-fuel
mixing process and constant volume combustion with controllable time is achieved.

• So the Green Engine becomes the only real multi-fuel engine on Our planet that is any
liquid or gaseous fuel can be used. Therefore this also helps to overcome fuel-crisis.

• “GREEN ENGINE” will bring new revolution in the field of engine technology.

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2.INTRODUCTION

Every day, radios, newspapers, televisions and the internet warn us of energy
exhaustion, atmospheric pollution and climate warming. After few hundred years of
industrial development, we are facing these globality problems while at the same time we
maintain a high standard of living.

The most important problem we are faced with is whether we should continuous
“developing” or “die”. Statistics show that, the daily consumption of petroleum all over the
world today is 40 million barrels, of which about 50 per cent is used in communications and
transportation. In this sort of consumption, about 70-80 percent is for automobile use. That
is to say, auto petroleum constitutes about 35 percent of the whole petroleum
consumption.

In accordance with this calculation, daily consumption of petroleum all over the
world is over two million tones. At the same time as these fuels are burnt, poisonous
materials such as 500 million tones of carbon monoxides (CO), 100 million tones of hydra
carbons (HC), 550 million tones of carbon(C), 50 million tonnes of nitrogen oxides (Nox) are
emitted into the atmosphere every year, severely polluting the atmosphere.

At the same time, large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) gases, resulting from
burning, have also taken the major responsibility for the “green house effect”. However, it is
estimated that petroleum reserve in the globe will last for only 38 years. The situation is
really very grim. To counter this problem, the concept of green engine is introduced.

This is a six phase I.C engine in which the priority is given to the complete mixing of
fuel with the air thereby causing its complete burning. It is a multifuel engine; therefore the
fuel crisis can also be overcome.

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 CHAPTER 1

3.WHAT IS GREEN ENGINE?

Compared to conventional piston engine operated on four phases, the Green Engine is an
actual six-phase internal combustion engine with much higher expansion ratio. The six
phases are INTAKE, COMPRESSION, MIXING, COMBUSTION, POWER AND EXAUST.

The main features of this engine are

 High air charge rate

• Satisfactory air-fuel mixing
• Complete burning
• High combustion efficiency
• Full expansion
The most important characteristic is the expansion ratio being much bigger than the
compression ratio. Also the other main features are

• The Sequential Variable Compression Ratio,

• Constant Volume Combustion
• Self-adapting Sealing System.
Because of these revolutionary inventions the engine has some advantages like The thermal
efficiency of the engine is increased. The engine is free of the harmful emissions.
As more power is obtained in a less space, the engine is more compact and light. Also the
reciprocating parts are eliminated, so the engine is vibration free.

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 CHAPTER 2

4.TECHNICAL FEATURES OF GREEN ENGINE

Fig-4.1

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4.1 DIRECT AIR INTAKE

 Direct air intake means that there is no air inlet pipe, throttle and inlet valves on the air
intake system. Air filter Is directly connected to the intake port of the engine, therefore
highest volumetric efficiency which makes
 Engine produce a high torque of output on all speed range is achieved, and the pump
loss which consumes thePart of engine power is eliminated.

4.2 STRONG SWIRLING

 As a tangential air duck is between combustion chamber and compression chamber, a

very strong swirling of air
 Is achieved. Consequently, the air-fuel mixing and the combustion process can have a
satisfying working Condition.

4.3 SEQUENTIAL VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO

 This greatly revolutionary innovation can provide the most suitable compression ratio
for the engine whatever
 Operation mode it works on with burning variety of fuels. Therefore, an excellent
combustion performance is Attained

4.4 DIRECT FUEL INJECTION

 Direct fuel injection can provide higher output and torque, while at the same time it also
enhances the response For acceleration.

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4.5 SUPER AIR-FUEL MIXING

 Since the independent air-fuel mixing phase is having enough time for mixing air and
fuel under strong Swirling and hot situation, the engine is capable to burn any liquid or
gas fuels without modifications.
 An ideal Air-fuel mixture could delete CO emission. Also centrifugal effect came from
both strong swirling and rotation of the burner.
 makes the air-fuel mixture denser near the spark plug, it benefits to cold engine starting
and Managing lean-burning, and allowing the engine use of mass control for output.

4.6 CONTROLLABLE COMBUSTION TIME

 Due to the independent combustion phase, compared to the conventional engine which
performances lack of efficient combustion time resulting in heavy CO emission and low
fuel usage rate
 the Green Engine has a Sufficient controllable combustion time to match any fuels.

4.7 CONSTANT VOLUME COMBUSTION

 The fuels can generate more energy while the combustion is occurred on the constant
volume.
 Also the constant Volume combustion technology can allow the engine to have a stable
combustion when the lean-burning is Managed so the heat losses and Nox emissions are
decreased.

4.8 MULTI-POWER PULSES

 The Green Engine operates on the multi-power pulses with a small volume of working
chamber, resulting in Compact structure and limited size.
 Also a small amount of air-fuel mixtures being ignited on each power pulse Can greatly
cut down explosion noise

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4.9 HIGH WORKING TEMPERATURE

 Because the burner, which is made by high heat resistance and low expansion rate
material, such as ceramic,
 Operates without cooling, and relatively high working temperature can eliminate the
quenching zone which is
 Main source of HC emission, and can greatly reduce the heat losses in the combustion
chamber.

4.10 HIGH EXPANSION RATIO

 High expansion ratio can make the burned gases to release much more power, in other
words, the waste gases
 While they run out the engine are only bringing much less energy with them, therefore
the engine’s thermal
 Efficiency is greatly raised, and at the same time, the noise and temperature of the
exhaust are tremendously Dropped.

4.11 SELF-ADAPTING SEALING SYSTEM

 This is another greatly revolutionary innovation applied in the Green Engine; it can
eliminate a number of seal Plates or strips to achieve gapless seal and to provide most
efficient and reliable seal system with less friction.

4.12 VIBRATION FREE

 As a major moving parts, vanes, which are counted in little mass and operated
symmetrically, the performance of
 The engine is very smooth got away from vibration.

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 CHAPTER 3

5. CONSTRUCTION OF GREEN ENGINE

 As earlier mentioned, the Green engine is a six phase, internal combustion engine with
much higher expansion ratio. The term phase is used instead of stroke because stroke is
actually associated to the movement of the piston.

 The traveling of the piston from bottom dead centre to the top dead centre or vice versa
is termed a stroke. But, in this engine pistons are absent and hence, the term phase is
used. The six phases are: intake, compression, mixing, combustion, power and exhaust.

 The engine comprises a set of vanes, a pair of rotors which houses a number of small
pot-like containers. It is here, in these small containers that compression, mixing,
combustion are carried out. The engine also contains two air intake ports, and a pair of
fuel injectors and spark plugs.

 spark plugs are connected in such a system so as to deactivate them, when a fuel which
does not need sparks for ignition is used. The rotor is made of high heat resistance and
low expansion rate material such as ceramic. Whereas, the metal used is an alloy of
steel, aluminium and chromium even though the engine is of symmetric shape, the
vanes traverse unsymmetrical boundaries.

 This shape cannot be compromised as this a result of the path taken by the intake and
exhaust air. This uneven boundary is covered by the vanes in a very unique fashion. The
vanes are made in such a way that it comprises of two parts: one going inside a hollow
one at the bottom of the hollow vane is a compressive spring

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 CHAPTER 4

6. WORKING OF THE GREEN ENGINE

6.1 The Green Engine has six phases which occur in the following sequence.

 Intake Fig-6.1

 Compression

 Mixing

 Combustion

 Power

 Exhaust
Fig-6.2 Green Engine

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6.1.1 INTAKE

 The air is admitted directly inside the compression chamber. The air does not undergo
any treatment before entry.

 The air filter is directly connected to the entry of the intake pipe. The amount of the air
intake can be Varied as per the fuel used.

6.1.2 COMPRESSION
 The air admitted in, then enters into the compression chamber. The compression
chamber has variable area.

 The Central disc having arms pushes the air in the compression chamber.

 The compression chamber is connected to the combustion chamber by a small diameter

duct which is tangent to the combustion chamber

 So as arm pushes the air in the compression chamber the pressurized air is forced to
flow through this duct.

 As the air flow through it, the air is swirled very fast. The air thus enters the combustion
chamber.

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6.1.3 DIRECT FUEL INJECTION
 One more facility is provided in the green engine is that of direct fuel injection. The fuel
injected is also.The amount of fuel injected is varied as per the mode of the vehicle

6.1.4 SUPER MIXING

 The combustion chamber is also rotating. This centrifugal force from the rotation along
with the strong swirling causes the fuel to mix with air.

 The mixing assures the complete burning of the fuel. The super mixed charge is forced
by the arm towards the spark plug.

6.1.5 COMBUSTION
 The charge is ignited by the spark plug. The combustion time can be varied to burn
different grade of fuels.

 The Controlled combustion time gives the complete burning of the charge. The
emissions are greatly reduced.

6.1.6 POWER

 As The burned products of the combustion are expelled out of the combustion chamber.
The high pressure gases

 Push the arm of the compression chamber causing work output. The power is obtained
in the form of the power

Pulses. These pulses reduce the area of the engine. The power pulses also reduce the
explosion noise.

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6.1.7 EXHAUST

 The burned gases are expelled out. The gases are first expanded in the expansion zone.

 The expansion ratio is More which ensures the maximum work output. Also the
maximum energy is gained from the gases.

 The Temperature also reduces and hence an optimum utilization of the burned gases is
achieved.

 The burned gases After expansion are pushed into the exhaust pipe and released into
the atmosphere. Thus the six-phase cycle is completed.

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 CHAPTER 5

9. COMPARISON OF GREEN ENGINE WITH CONVENTIONAL IC ENGINES

Fig-9.1

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7. ADVANTAGE

 As the Green Engine is very compact with multi-power pulses, the Size and Weight could
be only 1/5 to 1/10 Of the conventional piston engines on same output.

 The Thermal Efficiency of the Green Engine could be potentially as high as 65%, even
more if water add-in Technology is to be considered.

 Due to Six Phases of Working Principle, Super Air-fuel Mixing Process and Constant
Volume Combustion With Controllable Time the Green Engine becomes the only real
Multi-Fuels Engine on our planet; any Liquid or gas fuels can be burned well.

 With perfectly air-fuel mixture, complete combustion under lower peak temperature
and free of quenching Effect, the Emissions of CO, HC and Nox could be near zero,
thereby a catalytic converter could be not Required at all.

 Due to inherence of good dynamic and static balance the performance of the Green
Engine is as smooth.

 Limited parts, small in size, light in weight and depended upon current mature materials
and manufacture Technologies, it means that it would be to being done on the much
Lower Cost on manufacture, Transportation, installing to other devices, and
maintenance

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8. DISADVANTAGE

 Variation of HC emission.

 Variation in smoke opacity

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10. APPLICATIONS

The Green Engines could be used as the ideal power plants on a very wide range of
applications in Transportation, communication, farm, mine, engineering, military uses,
such as automobiles, aircrafts, boats, Ships, hovers, tractors, locomotives, generators,
snowmobiles, chainsaws, helicopters, tanks, torpedoes, Submarines etc.

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11. CONCLUSION

 The environmental problems can be effectively overcome by the use of Green engine. It
can use almost any type of fuel available.

 It is superior to the conventional I.C. engine in terms of smooth operation, efficiency and
cost.

 Compared to conventional piston engine operated on four phases, the Green Engine is
an actual six-phaseInternal combustion engine with much higher expansion ratio.

 Already it is being used in some of the application like aircrafts, ships and locomotives.

 Reserch going on for Its effective use in wider range of transport vehicles.

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12.REFERENCE

 www.ijtes.com
 www.greenenginetech.com
 Internal combustion engine- Mathur & Sharma. Pp.1213 to1250
 T. Bohl & G. Tian “Optical investigation on diesel engine fuelled by vegetable oils” The 6 th
International Conference on Applied Energy – ICAE2014
 T. Pushpara, & S. Ramabalan, “Green fuel design for diesel engine, combustion,
performance and Emission analysis” International Conference on design and
manufacturing, IconDM 2013
 M. Mofijur, M.G. Rasul, J. Hyde “Recent Developments on Internal Combustion Engine
Performance and Emissions Fuelled With Biodiesel-Diesel-Ethanol Blends”6th BSME
International Conference on Thermal Engineering (ICTE 2014)

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