PMT

Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
*1045436086*

CHEMISTRY 0620/31
Paper 3 (Extended) May/June 2015
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 12.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 12 printed pages.

IB15 06_0620_31/FP
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1 (a) Coal is a solid fossil fuel.

Name two other fossil fuels.

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Two of the elements present in a sample of coal are carbon and sulfur.

A sample of coal was heated in the absence of air and the products included water, ammonia
and hydrocarbons.

Name three other elements present in this sample of coal.

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Sulfur, present in coal, is one major cause of acid rain. Sulfur burns to form sulfur dioxide which
reacts with rain water to form sulfuric acid.

(i) Describe how the high temperatures in vehicle engines are another cause of acid rain.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Give two harmful effects of acid rain.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) In 2010, a large coal-burning power station in the UK was converted to burn both coal and
wood.

Explain why the combustion of wood rather than coal can reduce the effect of the emissions
from this power station on the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 12]

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2 Iron from the Blast Furnace is impure. It contains about 5% of impurities, mainly carbon, sulfur,
silicon and phosphorus, which have to be removed when this iron is converted into steel.

(a) Explain how the addition of oxygen and calcium oxide removes these impurities. Include an
equation for a reaction of oxygen and a word equation for a reaction of calcium oxide in this
process.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

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....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................
[5]

(b) Mild steel is the most common form of steel. Mild steel contains a maximum of 0.3% of carbon.

High carbon steel contains 2% of carbon. It is less malleable and much harder than mild steel.

(i) Give a use of mild steel.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest a use of high carbon steel.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Explain why metals are malleable.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(iv) Suggest an explanation why high carbon steel is less malleable and harder than mild
steel.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 12]

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3 (a) The reactions between metals and acids are redox reactions.

Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2

(i) Which change in the above reaction is oxidation, Zn to Zn2+ or 2H+ to H2? Give a reason
for your choice.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Which reactant in the above reaction is the oxidising agent? Give a reason for your choice.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The rate of reaction between a metal and an acid can be investigated using the apparatus
shown below.

20 40 60 80 100

gas syringe

hydrochloric acid

zinc foil

A piece of zinc foil was added to 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, of concentration 2.0 mol / dm3. The
acid was in excess. The hydrogen evolved was collected in the gas syringe and its volume
measured every minute. The results were plotted and labelled as graph 1.

graph 2 (with copper)

graph 1
volume

0
0 time

The experiment was repeated to show that the reaction between zinc metal and hydrochloric
acid is catalysed by copper. A small volume of aqueous copper(II) chloride was added to the
acid before the zinc was added. The results of this experiment were plotted on the same grid
and labelled as graph 2.

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(i) Explain why the reaction mixture in the second experiment contains copper metal. Include
an equation in your explanation.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain how graph 2 shows that copper catalyses the reaction.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) If the first experiment was repeated using ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, instead of hydrochloric
acid, how and why would the graph be different from graph 1?

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(d) Calculate the maximum mass of zinc which will react with 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, of
concentration 2.0 mol / dm3.

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl 2 + H2

Show your working.

[3]

[Total: 16]

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4 The alcohols form a homologous series.

(a) (i) Give three characteristics which all members of a homologous series share.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Give the name of the third member of this series.

name ......................................... [1]

(iii) Deduce the molecular formula of the alcohol whose Mr = 158. Show your working.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Explain why the following two alcohols are isomers.

CH3

CH3 C OH CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH

CH3

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(c) This question is based on typical reactions of butan-1-ol.

(i) When butan-1-ol, CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–OH, is passed over the catalyst silicon(IV) oxide,
water is lost.

Deduce the name and the structural formula of the organic product in this reaction.

name .........................................

structural formula

[2]

(ii) Suggest the name of the ester formed from butanol and ethanoic acid.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Butan-1-ol is oxidised by acidified potassium manganate(VII).

Deduce the name and the structural formula of the organic product in this reaction.

name .........................................

structural formula

[2]

[Total: 13]

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5 The halogens are a group of non-metals in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

(a) The reactivity of the halogens decreases down the group.

Describe an experiment which shows that chlorine is more reactive than iodine. Include an
equation in your answer.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) The halogens form interhalogen compounds. These are compounds which contain two different
halogens.

Deduce the formula of the compound which has the composition 0.013 moles of iodine atoms
and 0.065 moles of fluorine atoms.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Iodine reacts with chlorine to form a dark brown liquid, iodine monochloride.

chlorine
supplied

crystals
of iodine

I2(s) + Cl 2(g) → 2ICl (l)

dark brown

When more chlorine is added and the tube is sealed, a reversible reaction occurs and the
reaction comes to equilibrium.

ICl (l) + Cl 2(g) ICl 3(s)

dark brown yellow

(i) Give another example of a reversible reaction.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain the term equilibrium.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(d) Chlorine is removed from the tube and a new equilibrium is formed.

Explain why there is less of the yellow solid and more dark brown liquid in the new equilibrium
mixture.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(e) A sealed tube containing the equilibrium mixture is placed in ice-cold water. There is an increase
in the amount of yellow solid in the equilibrium mixture.

What can you deduce about the forward reaction in this equilibrium?

ICl (l) + Cl 2(g) ICl 3(s)

Explain your deduction.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 13]

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10

6 Acid-base reactions are examples of proton transfer.

(a) Ethylamine is a weak base and sodium hydroxide is a strong base.

(i) In terms of proton transfer, explain what is meant by the term weak base.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Given aqueous solutions of both bases, describe how you could show that sodium
hydroxide is the stronger base. How could you ensure a ‘fair’ comparison between the two
solutions?

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Ethylamine reacts with acids to form salts.

CH3CH2NH2 + HCl → CH3CH2NH3Cl

ethylammonium chloride

(i) Complete the equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and ethylamine. Name the
salt formed.

......CH3CH2NH2 + ............ → .........................

name of salt ............................................................................................. [3]

(ii) Amines and their salts have similar chemical properties to ammonia and ammonium salts.

Suggest a reagent that could be used to displace the weak base, ethylamine, from its salt
ethylammonium chloride.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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11

(c) Gases diffuse, which means that they move to occupy the total available volume.

(i) Explain, using kinetic particle theory, why gases diffuse.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) When the colourless gases hydrogen bromide and ethylamine come into contact, a white
solid is formed.

CH3CH2NH2(g) + HBr(g) → CH3CH2NH3Br(s)

white solid

The following apparatus can be used to compare the rates of diffusion of the two gases
ethylamine and hydrogen bromide.

gives off gives off

CH3CH2NH2(g) HBr(g)

A B C

cotton wool soaked in cotton wool soaked in

ethylamine(aq) conc. hydrobromic acid

Predict at which position, A, B or C, the white solid will form. Explain your choice.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 14]

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DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements

the live examination series.

Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Si icon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
12

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

0620/31/M/J/15
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

226 227
Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89

140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
*58-71 Lanthanoid series
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
90-103 Actinoid series Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 238
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = proton (atomic) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
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